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Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite scaffold. Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/poly(δ-valerolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAV/β-TCP) composite scaffolds showed promising in vitro results. This study evaluated the bone regenerative potential of PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite scaffolds in standardized calvarial defects in a rat model over 4 and 10 weeks. Bilateral calvarial defects (5 mm in diameter and about 1.5 mm thick, equivalent to the thickness of the calvaria) were created in 40 male Wistar albino rats. The defects were grafted with either commercially available β-TCP (positive control), PEVAV/β-TCP 70, or PEVAV/β-TCP 50, or left empty (negative control), depending on the group to which the animal was randomly assigned, to be covered before flap closure with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM). At 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery, the collected rat calvaria were evaluated using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, to assess the newly formed bone volume (NFBV), newly formed bone mineral density (NFBMD), and remaining graft volume (RGV). The results showed that calvarial defects grafted with the PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite exhibited higher NFBV than did control defects, both at 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery. Furthermore, calvarial defects grafted with PEVAV/β-TCP 70 showed the highest NFBV among all grafting conditions, with a statistically significant difference recorded at 10 weeks post-surgery. The PEVAV/β-TCP composite scaffold showed potentiality for the regeneration of critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model.
Mohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Abeer Ahmed; Sundar Ramalingam; Ali Alrahlah. Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats. Materials 2021, 14, 2384 .
AMA StyleMohammed Badwelan, Mohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Abeer Ahmed, Sundar Ramalingam, Ali Alrahlah. Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats. Materials. 2021; 14 (9):2384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Abeer Ahmed; Sundar Ramalingam; Ali Alrahlah. 2021. "Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats." Materials 14, no. 9: 2384.
Regeneration and reconstruction of segmental bone defects (SBD) is a clinical challenge in maxillofacial surgery and orthopedics. The present study evaluated efficacy of guided bone-regeneration (GBR) of rat femoral SBD using osteoconductive equine-bone (EB) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) grafts, either with or without platelet-derived growth-factor (PDGF). Following ethical-approval, 50 male Wistar-Albino rats (aged ~12–15 months and weighing ~450–500 g) were included. A 5 mm femoral critical-size SBD was created and animals were divided into five groups depending on the graft material used for GBR (EB, EB + PDGF, Autograft, beta-TCP, beta-TCP + PDGF; n = 10/group). Following 12-weeks of healing, animals were sacrificed and femur specimens were analyzed through qualitative histology and quantitative histomorphometry. There was new bone bridging femoral SBD in all groups and qualitatively, better bone formation was seen in autograft and EB + PDGF groups. Histomorphometric bone-area (BA %) was significantly high in autograft group, followed by EB + PDGF, beta-TCP + PDGF, EB, and beta-TCP groups. Addition of PDGF to EB and beta-TCP during GBR resulted in significantly higher BA%. After 12-weeks of healing, EB + PDGF for GBR of rat femoral segmental defects resulted in new bone formation similar to that of autograft. Based on this study, GBR with EB and adjunct PDGF could be a potential clinical alternative for reconstruction and regeneration of segmental bone defects.
Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi; Omar Mohamed Alomran; Mohammed Awadh Binsalah; Mohammed Badwelan. Guided bone regeneration with osteoconductive grafts and PDGF: A tissue engineering option for segmental bone defect reconstruction. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 2021, 19, 1 .
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Osama Alghamdi, Omar Mohamed Alomran, Mohammed Awadh Binsalah, Mohammed Badwelan. Guided bone regeneration with osteoconductive grafts and PDGF: A tissue engineering option for segmental bone defect reconstruction. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials. 2021; 19 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi; Omar Mohamed Alomran; Mohammed Awadh Binsalah; Mohammed Badwelan. 2021. "Guided bone regeneration with osteoconductive grafts and PDGF: A tissue engineering option for segmental bone defect reconstruction." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 19, no. : 1.
Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise frequently in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest SGT, representing 60-70% of all benign parotid tumors. Clinically, parotid PA presents as irregular, lobulated, asymptomatic, slow-growing preauricular mass, involving both superficial and deep lobes, and could grow to gigantic proportions. Histologically, PA has epithelial and mesenchymal elements in chondromyxoid matrix and is managed surgically. Based on a review of 43 cases reported in English literature since 1995, giant parotid PA is reported as large as 35 cm (diameter) and 7.3 kg (resected weight). Although rare, 10 cases of malignant transformation were reported in the review. Surgical management included extracapsular dissection (ECD), superficial parotidectomy, and total parotidectomy for benign tumors, and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy for malignant tumors. We further present the case of a 36-year-old healthy male with slow-growing and asymptomatic giant parotid PA, of 4-year duration. The patient presented with firm, lobulated preauricular swelling, provisionally diagnosed as PA based on radiographic and cytological findings. The tumor was resected through ECD, and the patient had uneventful postoperative recovery and a 7-year recurrence-free follow-up period. Histological examination revealed epimyoepithelial proliferation punctuated by chondromyxoid areas, with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cysts. To the best of knowledge from indexed literature, giant parotid PA is rarely reported in Saudi Arabia. In addition to its rarity, this case is reported for its benign nature despite atypical histological presentation, successful surgical management without complications, and long-term recurrence-free follow-up. Based on this report, clinicians must be aware of atypical histological presentations associated with PA and plan suitable surgical management and follow-up to avoid morbidity. Nevertheless, attempts must be made to diagnose and manage these lesions at an early stage and before they reach gigantic proportions.
Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem; Manal A. Alsheddi. Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Dentistry 2020, 2020, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem, Manal A. Alsheddi. Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Dentistry. 2020; 2020 ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem; Manal A. Alsheddi. 2020. "Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020, no. : 1-18.
Mandibular reconstruction is a complicated task because of the complex nature of the regional anatomy. Computer-assisted tools are a promising means of improving the precision and safety of such complex surgeries. The digital techniques utilized in the reconstruction of mandibular defects based on medical data, computer-aided-design approaches, and three-dimensional (3D) printing are widely used to improve the patient’s aesthetic appearance and function, as well as the accuracy and quality of diagnosis, and surgical outcomes. Nevertheless, to ensure an acceptable aesthetical appearance and functional outcomes, the design must be based on proper anatomical reconstruction, mostly done in a virtual environment by skilled design engineers. Mirroring is one of the widely used techniques in the surgical navigation and reconstruction of mandibular defects. However, there are some discrepancies and mismatches in the mirrored anatomical models. Hence, in order to overcome these limitations in the mirroring technique, a novel approach called the cavity-filled technique was introduced. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the newly recommended cavity-filled technique with the widely used mirror reconstruction technique in restoring mandibular defects. A prominent 3D comparison technique was employed in this work, where the resected and the reconstructed mandibles were superimposed to quantify the accuracy of the two techniques. From the analysis, it can be inferred that the cavity-filled technique with a root-mean-square value of 1.1019 mm produced better accuracy in contrast to the mirroring approach, which resulted in an error of 1.2683 mm. Consequently, by using the proposed cavity-filled design, the discrepancy between the reconstruction plate and the bone contour was mitigated. This method, owing to its high precision, can decrease the number of adjustments and the time of surgery, as well as ensure a quick recovery time with better implant tissue in-growth.
Khaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Wadea Ameen; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. Patient-Specific Surgical Implant Using Cavity-Filled Approach for Precise and Functional Mandible Reconstruction. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6030 .
AMA StyleKhaja Moiduddin, Syed Hammad Mian, Wadea Ameen, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Osama Alghamdi. Patient-Specific Surgical Implant Using Cavity-Filled Approach for Precise and Functional Mandible Reconstruction. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):6030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Wadea Ameen; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. 2020. "Patient-Specific Surgical Implant Using Cavity-Filled Approach for Precise and Functional Mandible Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 6030.
The surface measures of machined titanium alloys as dental materials can be enhanced by adopting a decision-making algorithm in the machining process. The surface quality is normally characterized by more than one quality parameter. Hence, it is very important to establish multi-criteria decision making to compute the optimal process factors. In the present study, Taguchi–Grey analysis-based criteria decision making has been applied to the input process factors in the wire EDM (electric discharge machining) process. The recast layer thickness, wire wear ratio and micro hardness have been chosen to evaluate the quality measures. It was found that the wire electrode selection was the most influential factor on the quality measures in the WEDM process, due to its significance in creating spark energy. The optimal arrangement of the input process parameters has been found using the proposed approach as gap voltage (70 V), discharge current (15 A) and duty factor (0.6). It was proved that the proposed method can enhance the efficacy of the process. Utilizing the computed combination of optimal process parameters in surface quality analysis has significantly contributed to improving the quality of machining surface.
Muthuramalingam Thangaraj; Ramamurthy Annamalai; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. Enhancing the Surface Quality of Micro Titanium Alloy Specimen in WEDM Process by Adopting TGRA-Based Optimization. Materials 2020, 13, 1440 .
AMA StyleMuthuramalingam Thangaraj, Ramamurthy Annamalai, Khaja Moiduddin, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Osama Alghamdi. Enhancing the Surface Quality of Micro Titanium Alloy Specimen in WEDM Process by Adopting TGRA-Based Optimization. Materials. 2020; 13 (6):1440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuthuramalingam Thangaraj; Ramamurthy Annamalai; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. 2020. "Enhancing the Surface Quality of Micro Titanium Alloy Specimen in WEDM Process by Adopting TGRA-Based Optimization." Materials 13, no. 6: 1440.
Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate wear response of custom-fabricated electron beam melted titanium (EBM-Ti), zirconia, and acrylic TMJ parts when subjected to biomechanical simulation testing. Eighteen prosthetic TMJ parts (condyle, glenoid fossa) were custom-fabricated using computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques based on patient’s radiographic images. Biomechanical simulation testing of TMJ parts (in different combinations) were done in a modified chewing simulator (108,000 cycles, 1 Hz frequency, 45–60 N compression, strokes-downward 0.15–0.25 s/horizontal, 0.4–0.5 s/upward, 0.25–0.45 s/displacement, 1.5–2.0 mm). Qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed wear facets on leading edges of vertical and horizontal simulation strokes. Measurement of pre-test and post-test weights of TMJ parts revealed non-significant reduction in weights due to wear. EBM-Ti and acrylic TMJ glenoid fossae articulating against zirconia condyles during simulation testing had significantly higher wear, evidenced by greater mean reduction in weights. Based on results of this preliminary study, custom-fabricated alloplastic prosthetic TMJ are a viable alternative to stock alloplastic joints. While EBM-Ti and acrylic are suitable biomaterials for custom-fabrication, use of zirconia results in greater wear and requires further studies to optimize their role in customized alloplastic TMJ.
Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Khaja Moiduddin; Osama Alghamdi; Hisham Alkhalefah; Mohammed Badwelan. In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5455 .
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Khaja Moiduddin, Osama Alghamdi, Hisham Alkhalefah, Mohammed Badwelan. In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Khaja Moiduddin; Osama Alghamdi; Hisham Alkhalefah; Mohammed Badwelan. 2019. "In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5455.
The use of additive manufacturing in medical applications has become more prevalent over the last decade. Studies have proved that reconstruction plates with a mesh structure enhance the biocompatibility and bone-ingrowth formation. However, limited studies have been reported in the customization and in vivo clinical assessment of mesh implants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical treatment and implant fitting accuracy using three different reconstruction plates. Fifteen goats were divided into one control and three experimental groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) with five in each group. An experimental segmental defect was created on these animals and was adopted with customized electron beam melting reconstruction titanium plates with mesh in Group 1 and without mesh in Group 2 and commercial reconstruction plate in Group 3. All the animals were subjected to radiographic analysis before and after surgery. The subjected animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the electron beam melting reconstruction plates were compared with the commercial plate based on clinical and histology analysis and implant fitting accuracy. Both the electron beam melting reconstruction plates (with mesh and without mesh) and commercial plates survived the three months post-operation, revealing good wound-healing with new bone formation and without any foreign-body reaction. The electron beam melting reconstructed plate with mesh (Group 1) was found to have a better implant fitting when compared to the other two groups. The average discrepancy between Groups 2 and 3 was not significant. Certainly, the commercial plate (Group 3) was found to have the least accuracy as compared to other electron beam melting reconstruction plates (Group 1 and Group 2). Custom design electron beam melting fabricated reconstruction plates possessed better functionality, aesthetic outcome, and long-term biocompatibility when compared to commercial plates. Animal results indicated that the electron beam melting plates with mesh (Group 1) were superior in comparison to the other two groups due to its ability to provide better bone-in-growth and osseointegration on its porous microstructure.
Khaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Hisham Alkhalefah; Osama Alghamdi. An In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Implant Accuracy of the Electron Beam Melting and Commercial Reconstruction Plates. Metals 2019, 9, 1065 .
AMA StyleKhaja Moiduddin, Syed Hammad Mian, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Hisham Alkhalefah, Osama Alghamdi. An In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Implant Accuracy of the Electron Beam Melting and Commercial Reconstruction Plates. Metals. 2019; 9 (10):1065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Hisham Alkhalefah; Osama Alghamdi. 2019. "An In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Implant Accuracy of the Electron Beam Melting and Commercial Reconstruction Plates." Metals 9, no. 10: 1065.
The alveolar process is a major component of the tooth-supporting apparatus and is comprised of alveolar bone proper, cortical alveolar bone, alveolar crest, and trabecular bone. The alveolar process develops along with the dentition and undergoes resorption following extraction of teeth. With the advent of dental implant-supported rehabilitation, understanding and preserving the alveolar bone has become more imperative than ever before. In order to achieve the same, knowledge about applied biology, composition, microstructure, and anatomic, clinical, and radiographic features of alveolar bone is essential. The aim of this chapter is to help the reader gain a thorough knowledge of alveolar bone characteristics and its applied biology in relation to dental implants therapy.
Sundar Ramalingam; Chalini Sundar; John A. Jansen; Hamdan Alghamdi. Alveolar bone science: Structural characteristics and pathological changes. Dental Implants and Bone Grafts 2019, 1 -22.
AMA StyleSundar Ramalingam, Chalini Sundar, John A. Jansen, Hamdan Alghamdi. Alveolar bone science: Structural characteristics and pathological changes. Dental Implants and Bone Grafts. 2019; ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSundar Ramalingam; Chalini Sundar; John A. Jansen; Hamdan Alghamdi. 2019. "Alveolar bone science: Structural characteristics and pathological changes." Dental Implants and Bone Grafts , no. : 1-22.
Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst arising on the lateral surface of tooth roots. Commonly reported in mandibular canine-premolar or maxillary anterior regions, it presents as a well-circumscribed or tear drop-shaped radiolucency with a sclerotic border. Associated teeth are asymptomatic and vital, and roots may be displaced without resorption. Histopathologically, cystic lining resembles reduced enamel epithelium along with glycogen-rich clear cells and epithelial plaques. Unilateral variant of LPC has low recurrence and is managed by enucleation. A 43-year-old male patient reported with asymptomatic swelling in the left mandibular canine and first premolar region. Both teeth were vital, and radiographs revealed well-circumscribed radiolucency between the roots. Following consent, surgical enucleation and guided bone regeneration (GBR) with xenograft and resorbable collagen membrane were done under local anesthesia. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful, and complete bone fill of cystic cavity and healing of periodontal tissues was observed after a one-year follow-up. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. LPC should be a differential diagnosis in cystic lesions lateral to the surface of a tooth and without any associated inflammation. Based on this case report, unicystic LPC can be successfully managed through surgical enucleation with GBR for better periodontal healing.
Sundar Ramalingam; Yasser Fahad Alrayyes; Khalid Buayjan Almutairi; Ibrahim O. Bello. Lateral Periodontal Cyst Treated with Enucleation and Guided Bone Regeneration: A Report of a Case and a Review of Pertinent Literature. Case Reports in Dentistry 2019, 2019, 1 -8.
AMA StyleSundar Ramalingam, Yasser Fahad Alrayyes, Khalid Buayjan Almutairi, Ibrahim O. Bello. Lateral Periodontal Cyst Treated with Enucleation and Guided Bone Regeneration: A Report of a Case and a Review of Pertinent Literature. Case Reports in Dentistry. 2019; 2019 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSundar Ramalingam; Yasser Fahad Alrayyes; Khalid Buayjan Almutairi; Ibrahim O. Bello. 2019. "Lateral Periodontal Cyst Treated with Enucleation and Guided Bone Regeneration: A Report of a Case and a Review of Pertinent Literature." Case Reports in Dentistry 2019, no. : 1-8.
Beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) has been used for bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to assess longitudinally, the regeneration of critical sized segmental defects (CSSD) in rat femur using beta-TCP with or without recombinant platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Following ethical approval unilateral femoral CSSD measuring 5 mm was surgically created, under general anesthesia, in 30 male Wistar-Albino rats (aged 12-18 months; weighing 450-500 g). CSSD was stabilized using titanium mini-plate (4 holes, 1.0 mm thick with 8 mm bar). Depending upon biomaterial used for regeneration, the animals were randomly divided into: Control group (N = 10): CSSD covered with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) only; Beta-TCP group (N = 10): CSSD filled with beta-TCP and covered by RCM; Beta-TCP + PDGF group (N = 10): CSSD filled with beta-TCP soaked in recombinant PDGF and covered by RCM. Longitudinal in vivo micro-CT analysis of the CSSD was done postoperatively at baseline, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks to assess volume and mineral density of newly formed bone (NFB) and beta-TCP. Significant increase in NFB volume (NFBV) and mineral density (NFBMD) were observed from baseline to 8-weeks in all groups. Based on longitudinal in vivo micro-CT at 8-weeks, beta-TCP + PDGF group had significantly higher (p < 0.01) NFBV (38.98 ± 7.36 mm3) and NFBMD (3.72 ± 0.32 g/mm3) than the beta-TCP (NFBV-31.15 ± 6.68 mm3; NFBMD-2.28 ± 0.86g/mm3) and control (NFBV: 5.60 ± 1.06 mm3; NFBMD: 0.27 ± 0.02 g/mm3) groups. Significantly, higher reduction in beta-TCP volume (TCPV) and mineral density (TCPMD) were 1 observed in the beta-TCP + PDGF group when compared to the beta-TCP group. Addition of recombinant PDGF to beta-TCP enhanced bone regeneration within rat femoral CSSD and increased resorption rates of beta-TCP particles.
Mohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Nasser Nooh; Khalid Al Hezaimi. The Efficacy of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate to Regenerate Femoral Critical Sized Segmental Defects: Longitudinal In Vivo Micro-CT Study in a Rat Model. Journal of Investigative Surgery 2018, 33, 476 -488.
AMA StyleMohammed Badwelan, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Nasser Nooh, Khalid Al Hezaimi. The Efficacy of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate to Regenerate Femoral Critical Sized Segmental Defects: Longitudinal In Vivo Micro-CT Study in a Rat Model. Journal of Investigative Surgery. 2018; 33 (5):476-488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Nasser Nooh; Khalid Al Hezaimi. 2018. "The Efficacy of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate to Regenerate Femoral Critical Sized Segmental Defects: Longitudinal In Vivo Micro-CT Study in a Rat Model." Journal of Investigative Surgery 33, no. 5: 476-488.
Montaser N. Al-Qutub; Nuha A. Al-Omar; Sundar Ramalingam; Fawad Javed; Mohammad Al-Kindi; Aws Ar-Rejaie; Abdullah Aldahmash; Nasser S. Nooh; Hom-Lay Wang; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Regeneração Óssea Guiada Usando Fosfato de Cálcio Bifásico Com Proteína Óssea Morfogenética Recombinante Humana Adjunta-2 Com e Sem Membrana de Colágeno em Defeitos na Calvária Ratos: Uma Análise Histológica e Biomecânica. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 2018, 3, 1 .
AMA StyleMontaser N. Al-Qutub, Nuha A. Al-Omar, Sundar Ramalingam, Fawad Javed, Mohammad Al-Kindi, Aws Ar-Rejaie, Abdullah Aldahmash, Nasser S. Nooh, Hom-Lay Wang, Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Regeneração Óssea Guiada Usando Fosfato de Cálcio Bifásico Com Proteína Óssea Morfogenética Recombinante Humana Adjunta-2 Com e Sem Membrana de Colágeno em Defeitos na Calvária Ratos: Uma Análise Histológica e Biomecânica. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY. 2018; 3 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontaser N. Al-Qutub; Nuha A. Al-Omar; Sundar Ramalingam; Fawad Javed; Mohammad Al-Kindi; Aws Ar-Rejaie; Abdullah Aldahmash; Nasser S. Nooh; Hom-Lay Wang; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. 2018. "Regeneração Óssea Guiada Usando Fosfato de Cálcio Bifásico Com Proteína Óssea Morfogenética Recombinante Humana Adjunta-2 Com e Sem Membrana de Colágeno em Defeitos na Calvária Ratos: Uma Análise Histológica e Biomecânica." THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 3, no. 4: 1.
Schwannomas are slow-growing, benign neoplasms arising from the Schwann cells and are commonly reported as peripheral tumors in the head and neck region. Central intramandibular schwannomas are extremely rare lesions. We report a case of intramandibular schwannoma in a 70 year old male patient. Panoramic radiography revealed a large, multilocular radiolucent lesion with distinct borders involving the right mandibular body and ramus. A complete excision was achieved by removing the tumor followed by reconstruction of the mandible. The clinical, radiological, and histopathological features are discussed within the context of this case.
Manal Alsheddi; Mohammed Alkindi; Mohammed Badwelan; Noura Alotaibi; Sundar Ramalingam. Diagnostic challenges of an unusually large schwannoma of the mandible: Report of a case. The Saudi Dental Journal 2018, 30, 373 -378.
AMA StyleManal Alsheddi, Mohammed Alkindi, Mohammed Badwelan, Noura Alotaibi, Sundar Ramalingam. Diagnostic challenges of an unusually large schwannoma of the mandible: Report of a case. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2018; 30 (4):373-378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManal Alsheddi; Mohammed Alkindi; Mohammed Badwelan; Noura Alotaibi; Sundar Ramalingam. 2018. "Diagnostic challenges of an unusually large schwannoma of the mandible: Report of a case." The Saudi Dental Journal 30, no. 4: 373-378.
Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Abdullateif Abuhaimed; Hassan Alkharan. Undergraduate Implant Dentistry Training In Saudi Dental Schools. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC 2018, 30, 217 -222.
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Abdullateif Abuhaimed, Hassan Alkharan. Undergraduate Implant Dentistry Training In Saudi Dental Schools. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC. 2018; 30 (2):217-222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Abdullateif Abuhaimed; Hassan Alkharan. 2018. "Undergraduate Implant Dentistry Training In Saudi Dental Schools." Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC 30, no. 2: 217-222.
Sultan Albeshri; Abdulaziz Alblaihess; Abdurahman Niazy; Sundar Ramalingam; Chalini Sundar; Hamdan S Alghamdi. Biomarkers as Independent Predictors of Bone Regeneration around Biomaterials: A Systematic Review of Literature. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 2018, 19, 605 -618.
AMA StyleSultan Albeshri, Abdulaziz Alblaihess, Abdurahman Niazy, Sundar Ramalingam, Chalini Sundar, Hamdan S Alghamdi. Biomarkers as Independent Predictors of Bone Regeneration around Biomaterials: A Systematic Review of Literature. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2018; 19 (5):605-618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSultan Albeshri; Abdulaziz Alblaihess; Abdurahman Niazy; Sundar Ramalingam; Chalini Sundar; Hamdan S Alghamdi. 2018. "Biomarkers as Independent Predictors of Bone Regeneration around Biomaterials: A Systematic Review of Literature." The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 19, no. 5: 605-618.
Background and objectives: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used for osseous defect reconstruction. The objective of this study was to evaluate in real-time (in-vivo) the efficacy of equine bone graft for GBR in segmental critical-size defects (CSD) of the femur in a rat model. Materials and methods: Following ethical approval, 30 male Wistar-Albino rats (age 12–14 months/weight 450–500 grams) were included. Under general-anesthesia, a mid-diaphyseal segmental CSD (5 mm) was created in the femur and stabilized using titanium Miniplate(4 holes,1.0 mm thickness). Depending upon material used for GBR, animals were randomly divided into three groups(n = 10/per group). Negative control-Defect covered with resorbable collagen membrane(RCM); Positive control-Defect filled with autologous bone and covered by RCM; Equine bone-Defect filled with equine bone and covered by RCM. Real-time in-vivo Micro-CT was performed at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks to determine volume and mineral density of newly formed bone (NFB) and remaining bone graft particles (BGP). Results: In-vivo micro-CT revealed increase in volume and mineral density of NFB within defects from baseline to 8-weeks in all groups. At 8-weeks NFB-volume in the equine bone group(53.24 ± 13.83 mm3; p < 0.01) was significantly higher than the negative control(5.6 ± 1.06 mm3) and positive control(26.07 ± 5.44 mm3) groups. Similarly, NFB-mineral density in the equine bone group(3.33 ± 0.48 g/mm3; p < 0.01) was higher than the other (negative control–0.27 ± 0.02 g/mm3; positive control–2.55 ± 0.6 g/mm3). A gradual decrease in the BGP-volume and BGP-mineral density was observed. Conclusion: The use of equine bone for GBR in femoral segmental defects in rats, results in predictable new bone formation as early as 2-weeks after bone graft placement.
Mohammed Awadh Binsalah; Sundar Ramalingam; Mohammed Alkindi; Nasser Nooh; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Guided Bone Regeneration of Femoral Segmental Defects using Equine Bone Graft: An In-Vivo Micro-Computed Tomographic Study in Rats. Journal of Investigative Surgery 2018, 32, 456 -466.
AMA StyleMohammed Awadh Binsalah, Sundar Ramalingam, Mohammed Alkindi, Nasser Nooh, Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Guided Bone Regeneration of Femoral Segmental Defects using Equine Bone Graft: An In-Vivo Micro-Computed Tomographic Study in Rats. Journal of Investigative Surgery. 2018; 32 (5):456-466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Awadh Binsalah; Sundar Ramalingam; Mohammed Alkindi; Nasser Nooh; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. 2018. "Guided Bone Regeneration of Femoral Segmental Defects using Equine Bone Graft: An In-Vivo Micro-Computed Tomographic Study in Rats." Journal of Investigative Surgery 32, no. 5: 456-466.
Oral surgical procedures can cause spread of infections in the clinics through visually imperceptible, splattered, and aerosolized blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate visually imperceptible blood contamination of clinical surfaces and personal protective equipment (PPE) in an oral surgery clinic using luminol. Following ethical approval, oral surgical procedures were performed under local anesthesia in a disinfected clinic, and PPE was used by the oral surgeon, dental assistant, and patients. After the procedure, clinical surfaces and PPE were evaluated for traces of visually imperceptible blood contamination using luminol. Data regarding blood contamination and the duration of the procedure were collected. Nonparametric tests, with 95% significance level (Epi Info, Stat Calc 7, CDC, Atlanta, USA), were used to identify statistical interactions between the duration of the procedure and the frequency of blood contamination. Blood contamination was detected in flooring below surgical field (86.67%), instrument tray, operating light, dental chair, and suction unit (100%). Except head caps and shoe covers, blood contamination was detected in all the PPE used by the clinical personnel, and the eyewear and chest drapes used by patients. An increase in the surgical time beyond 40 min significantly increased the risk of blood contamination in the handcuffs of the clinical personnel (P < 0.01). Visually imperceptible blood contamination of the clinical surfaces and PPE is associated with minor oral surgical procedures. This mandates the cleaning and disinfection of all clinical surfaces before and after minor oral surgical procedures and PPE for clinicians and patients during every procedure.
Sundar Ramalingam; Raniah Abdullah Al-Eid; Chalini Sundar; Mona Aldawsari; Nasser Nooh. Detection of visually imperceptible blood contamination in the oral surgical clinic using forensic luminol blood detection agent. Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 2018, 8, 327 -332.
AMA StyleSundar Ramalingam, Raniah Abdullah Al-Eid, Chalini Sundar, Mona Aldawsari, Nasser Nooh. Detection of visually imperceptible blood contamination in the oral surgical clinic using forensic luminol blood detection agent. Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry. 2018; 8 (4):327-332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSundar Ramalingam; Raniah Abdullah Al-Eid; Chalini Sundar; Mona Aldawsari; Nasser Nooh. 2018. "Detection of visually imperceptible blood contamination in the oral surgical clinic using forensic luminol blood detection agent." Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 8, no. 4: 327-332.
Sundar Ramalingam; N. Nooh; K. Al-Hezaimi. Beta-tricalcium phosphate with adjuvant bone-marrow stem cells for bone regeneration in calvarial defects: an in vivo microcomputed tomographic and histologic experiment in rats. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2017, 46, 213 .
AMA StyleSundar Ramalingam, N. Nooh, K. Al-Hezaimi. Beta-tricalcium phosphate with adjuvant bone-marrow stem cells for bone regeneration in calvarial defects: an in vivo microcomputed tomographic and histologic experiment in rats. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017; 46 ():213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSundar Ramalingam; N. Nooh; K. Al-Hezaimi. 2017. "Beta-tricalcium phosphate with adjuvant bone-marrow stem cells for bone regeneration in calvarial defects: an in vivo microcomputed tomographic and histologic experiment in rats." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46, no. : 213.
Background And Aim: Increasing incidence of medically compromised patients seeking dental treatment and implant rehabilitation, necessitates greater knowledge toward managing such patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the perceptions of dental interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, toward dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients.Materials And Methods: Using a convenience random sampling technique, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of the interns from dental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data pertaining to demographic details of the participants, academic grade point average (GPA), clinical implant training and experience and perceptions about dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients were collected.Results: The survey response rate was 82.9% (n = 174/210; Males-129/Females-45). Less than half of the interns (n = 82/174; 47.1%) had performed dental implants, out of which 41.5% (n = 34/82) had placed implants in medically compromised patients. Most medical illnesses except controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension were perceived by the interns as contraindications for dental implant placement.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it could be concluded that courses with a greater emphasis toward management of dental patients with medical problems and undergraduate implant training for such patients would result in better knowledge and perception among dental interns regarding dental implant placement in medically compromised patients.
Chalini Sundar; Sundar Ramalingam; Syed Rashid Habib; Abdulrahman Bin Dawas; Mishary Al-Rashed; Raed Al-Bader. Perceptions of dental interns in Saudi Arabia toward implant placement in medically compromised patients. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 2017, 6, 104 -104.
AMA StyleChalini Sundar, Sundar Ramalingam, Syed Rashid Habib, Abdulrahman Bin Dawas, Mishary Al-Rashed, Raed Al-Bader. Perceptions of dental interns in Saudi Arabia toward implant placement in medically compromised patients. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2017; 6 (1):104-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChalini Sundar; Sundar Ramalingam; Syed Rashid Habib; Abdulrahman Bin Dawas; Mishary Al-Rashed; Raed Al-Bader. 2017. "Perceptions of dental interns in Saudi Arabia toward implant placement in medically compromised patients." Journal of Education and Health Promotion 6, no. 1: 104-104.
Objective: The aim of our study is to assess compliance of Saudi patients with the course of prescribed antibiotics in dentistry by knowing whether patients use antibiotic every day. Method: A cross sectional study has been conducted using a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection from patients. Survey responses were tabulated and analyzed statistically to find the number of compliant patients to the prescribed course of antibiotics, as well as to find if there is any association between compliance and age, gender, and education level. Result: 300 questionnaires were distributed among a cross section of the population in 4 dental centers in Riyadh. Only 126 patients responded, giving a response rate of 42%. According to this study, the percentage of fully compliant patients was 60.3%. There was no significant association between variables and compliance.The reasons for non-compliance among patients included: symptoms disappeared (62%), fear of side effects of medication (18%), no clear instructions about the importance of completing the full course (16%), and patient carelessness (4%). Conclusion: Around 60% of patients complied with the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.
Ali Assiry; Sundar Ramalingam; Abdulrahman A Al Amri; Ali A Al Mujaly; Yousef S Al Elyani. Saudi Patients Compliance With the Antibiotic Course in Dentistry. Dentistry 2017, 07, 1 .
AMA StyleAli Assiry, Sundar Ramalingam, Abdulrahman A Al Amri, Ali A Al Mujaly, Yousef S Al Elyani. Saudi Patients Compliance With the Antibiotic Course in Dentistry. Dentistry. 2017; 07 (05):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Assiry; Sundar Ramalingam; Abdulrahman A Al Amri; Ali A Al Mujaly; Yousef S Al Elyani. 2017. "Saudi Patients Compliance With the Antibiotic Course in Dentistry." Dentistry 07, no. 05: 1.
Moderate to severe facial esthetic problems challenge the surgeons to discover alternate ways, to rehabilitate the patients using customized porous designs. Porous metal implants are available for over 30 years, but the pore architecture, is constantly changing to improve the stability and longevity of the implant. To evaluate a customized porous implant produced from electron beam melting and to restore the zygomatic functionality. Two customized zygomatic reconstruction implants-bulk and porous, are designed based on the bone contours and manufactured using state of art-electron beam melting technology. The two designed implants are evaluated based on strength, weight and porosity for the better osseointegration and rehabilitation of the patient. Porous structures due to their light weight, low volume and high surface area provided better specific strength and young's modulus closer to the bone. Microscopic and CT scanning confirmed that the EBM produced porous structures are highly regular and interconnected without any major internal defects. The customized porous implants satisfies the need of lighter implants with an adequate mechanical strength, restoring better functionality and esthetic outcomes for the patients.
Khaja Moiduddin; Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari; Mohammed Al Kindi; Emad S. Abouel Nasr; Ashfaq Mohammad; Sundar Ramalingam. Customized porous implants by additive manufacturing for zygomatic reconstruction. Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 2016, 36, 719 -730.
AMA StyleKhaja Moiduddin, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Mohammed Al Kindi, Emad S. Abouel Nasr, Ashfaq Mohammad, Sundar Ramalingam. Customized porous implants by additive manufacturing for zygomatic reconstruction. Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 2016; 36 (4):719-730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaja Moiduddin; Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari; Mohammed Al Kindi; Emad S. Abouel Nasr; Ashfaq Mohammad; Sundar Ramalingam. 2016. "Customized porous implants by additive manufacturing for zygomatic reconstruction." Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 36, no. 4: 719-730.