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Dr. IÑIGO LEON
Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV / EHU

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0 Architectural Drawings
0 Architectural Education
0 Material Analysis
0 Enviromental Assessment
0 BIM (Building Information Modeling)

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Journal article
Published: 01 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Current European environmental sustainability standards call for achieving a reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions for a horizon set in the year 2050. It has been verified that buildings and cities have a higher incidence in this regard. It is necessary to have tools for initial assessment that can quickly analyse whether the improvement scenarios put forward by different organisations and governments will be able to meet the goals set at European level. Universities are an important factor for the intended change and therefore offer an excellent environment for testing such tools. A case study focusing on a university in northern Spain is presented, through an evaluation tool using 3D models including life-cycle assessment. Different reform scenarios are evaluated for two key years, 2030 and 2050. The novelty lies in considering, not only the impact of the operational phase but also the impact of the different stages of the life cycle and processes, obtaining an impact value closer to reality. The results indicate that, even with major retrofitting and adaptation efforts, the European targets are difficult to achieve by 2050. Moreover, solutions such as biomass help to achieve greenhouse gas reductions but not to improve energy efficiency.

ACS Style

Alba Arias; Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. Environmental Assessment of University Campuses: The Case of the University of Navarra in Pamplona (Spain). Sustainability 2021, 13, 8588 .

AMA Style

Alba Arias, Iñigo Leon, Xabat Oregi, Cristina Marieta. Environmental Assessment of University Campuses: The Case of the University of Navarra in Pamplona (Spain). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alba Arias; Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. 2021. "Environmental Assessment of University Campuses: The Case of the University of Navarra in Pamplona (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8588.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Sustainability
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This research aims to promote the use of natural materials in construction. Its purpose is to rediscover the interlacing of flat wooden strips. Attending to environmental criteria, it focuses on the study of wood from a locally produced tree, the chestnut, in the north of Spain. However, the proposed methodology can be universally replicated with local wood productions anywhere. The interweaving of flat wooden strips is linked to traditional basketry, which is at serious risk of disappearing in many places. A combined method based on the design of interlaced artifacts is proposed. For this purpose, the mechanical characteristics of the specific material tested were analyzed in advance. The elastic limit of the material was obtained, and this allowed simulating and optimizing the maximum curvatures of the flat strips in a 3D digital model. New geometric shapes were designed with new interlacing wefts and were built with the tested material. The digital models used serve as a record of the artifacts built, and can be posted on web platforms so that they can be universally replicated. This will allow for the preservation of this heritage of built artifacts using basketry techniques, enabling the proposed objective to be achieved.

ACS Style

Amaia Casado; Antonio Sánchez; Cristina Marieta; Iñigo Leon. Use of Flat Interwoven Wooden Strips in Architecture and Construction. Simulation and Optimization Using 3D Digital Models. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6383 .

AMA Style

Amaia Casado, Antonio Sánchez, Cristina Marieta, Iñigo Leon. Use of Flat Interwoven Wooden Strips in Architecture and Construction. Simulation and Optimization Using 3D Digital Models. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amaia Casado; Antonio Sánchez; Cristina Marieta; Iñigo Leon. 2021. "Use of Flat Interwoven Wooden Strips in Architecture and Construction. Simulation and Optimization Using 3D Digital Models." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6383.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Sustainability
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COVID-19 had a major impact on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and it produced a crisis in Goal 4, which is aimed at ensuring quality education, among others. In this work, a university experience that aims to solve the challenges in this complicated context by means of BIM technology is presented. On the one hand, this study focuses on the development of teaching by means of active methodologies based on real projects through BIM models, using the latest information and communication technologies, and on the other hand, it focuses on the management of the education center by means of a virtual BIM building. This allowed for, among other things, tackling the sustainable management of the measures required to prevent contagion. These BIM models made it possible, for example, to optimize spaces while maintaining social distances between occupants, to simulate the best options for classroom ventilation, and to optimize special cleaning and disinfection resources. Students who developed their learning through these BIM virtual models were not restricted in receiving online classes; they learned to collaborate from anywhere in the world, acquiring skills that allow them to effectively face real situations that are as complicated as COVID-19.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon; Maialen Sagarna; Fernando Mora; Juan Otaduy. BIM Application for Sustainable Teaching Environment and Solutions in the Context of COVID-19. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4746 .

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon, Maialen Sagarna, Fernando Mora, Juan Otaduy. BIM Application for Sustainable Teaching Environment and Solutions in the Context of COVID-19. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4746.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon; Maialen Sagarna; Fernando Mora; Juan Otaduy. 2021. "BIM Application for Sustainable Teaching Environment and Solutions in the Context of COVID-19." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4746.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Bearing in mind that dwellings generate a high environmental impact, the aim of this research is to improve their energy efficiency. The incorporation of an insulating layer in the extrados of the building envelope is the most effective way of reducing the transmittance of a facade, eliminating thermal bridges, and optimizing its energy consumption. There is no doubt about the effectiveness of this solution in terms of thermal protection. However, this process collides with the preservation of the original composition of buildings with ornate facades. This article presents a protocol for the rehabilitation of ornate facades of historic buildings through the application of an insulating layer on the outside of the walls. The protocol shows that advanced techniques applied with an integrated approach permit compatibility between energy rehabilitation and the preservation of the original value. In addition to applying strategies of a high technological level, the protocol proposes a reflection upon a balanced intervention on ornamental elements, as well as the relationship between the degree of energy improvement of an ornate facade, and the degree of preservation of the original composition. A methodology is established that combines different avant-guard techniques and systems. These include capturing reality in 3D, the Building Information Model (BIM), monitoring, advanced manufacturing, and active and passive solution simulations.

ACS Style

Lauren Etxepare; Iñigo Leon; Maialen Sagarna; Iñigo Lizundia; Eneko Uranga. Advanced Intervention Protocol in the Energy Rehabilitation of Heritage Buildings: A Miñones Barracks Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6270 .

AMA Style

Lauren Etxepare, Iñigo Leon, Maialen Sagarna, Iñigo Lizundia, Eneko Uranga. Advanced Intervention Protocol in the Energy Rehabilitation of Heritage Buildings: A Miñones Barracks Case Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren Etxepare; Iñigo Leon; Maialen Sagarna; Iñigo Lizundia; Eneko Uranga. 2020. "Advanced Intervention Protocol in the Energy Rehabilitation of Heritage Buildings: A Miñones Barracks Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6270.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2020 in Sustainability
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All elements of heritage are exposed to more or less predictable risks. Even though they are in a good state of conservation with economic support for their repair or maintenance, they can suffer sudden accidents leading to their imminent destruction. It is therefore necessary to safeguard them in all scenarios, regardless of the respective scale or state of conservation. That process must at least be based on complete and accurate 3D digitisation. The evolution of devices, software/hardware and platforms nowadays allows such information to be gathered in a sustainable manner. Various existing resources were tried and compared at several heritage sites of different scales with dissimilar risk and protection, following the guidelines of different ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) committees. Each case study addresses the choice of digitisation techniques and the characteristics of the end product obtained. The most suitable modality for each situation is analysed, depending on different factors such as accessibility and risks faced. Although the 3D laser scanner is clearly a very fast and very accurate resource, automated photogrammetry is one of the more accessible and affordable resources; along with the potential of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), this enables the digitisation to be sustainably completed.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon; José Javier Pérez; María Senderos. Advanced Techniques for Fast and Accurate Heritage Digitisation in Multiple Case Studies. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6068 .

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon, José Javier Pérez, María Senderos. Advanced Techniques for Fast and Accurate Heritage Digitisation in Multiple Case Studies. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6068.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon; José Javier Pérez; María Senderos. 2020. "Advanced Techniques for Fast and Accurate Heritage Digitisation in Multiple Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6068.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica
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José Manuel Aizpúrua y Joaquín Labayen formaron parte de ese pequeño grupo de pioneros que a principios del siglo XX decidieron romper con los preceptos de la arquitectura academicista española del siglo XIX y apostar por una arquitectura que sentara las bases de una sociedad moderna. Resulta sorprendente que en el breve periodo de seis años, tiempo en el que transcurrió su trayectoria como pareja profesional, fueran capaces de explorar, emplear y simultanear múltiples recursos gráficos en la producción del dibujo arquitectónico. A través de estos ensayos experimentales sobre el lenguaje gráfico, jugaron a difundir y crear una nueva iconografía. En el material estructurado por tipos de dibujo, se puede apreciar este propósito, que se sigue en la tipografía, en la fotografía, en sus montajes reversibles, y se extiende también a la presentación del proyecto. Son recursos cuyo principal objetivo es divulgar y proclamar la necesidad de una nueva arquitectura.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon; Jose Javier Perez Martinez; María Senderos Laka. Los dibujos de Aizpúrua y Labayen; travesía hacia una nueva dimensión. EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica 2020, 25, 244 -261.

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon, Jose Javier Perez Martinez, María Senderos Laka. Los dibujos de Aizpúrua y Labayen; travesía hacia una nueva dimensión. EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 2020; 25 (38):244-261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon; Jose Javier Perez Martinez; María Senderos Laka. 2020. "Los dibujos de Aizpúrua y Labayen; travesía hacia una nueva dimensión." EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica 25, no. 38: 244-261.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Sustainability
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The environmental energy sustainability of universities has aroused great interest in recent years. In this study, environmental impact assessment tools are used to analyse the environmental impacts of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) since 2015 and to identify reform scenarios to make the university more sustainable. University campuses can be considered to be small cities that impact the environment of the cities where they are located. The environmental impacts of the UPV/EHU Gipuzkoa campus and the impacts on the city of Donostia-San Sebastián in which the university is located are analysed. The environmental impacts are calculated using simulation tools based on three-dimensional models of the university campus and the city. These results are compared with actual impact results from monitoring. The simulation results differ from the monitoring results but provide a rapid determination of the best future scenarios for a more sustainable university by taking the impacts on the city into account. This study enables the university to align its efforts with the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. Contribution of University to Environmental Energy Sustainability in the City. Sustainability 2020, 12, 774 .

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon, Xabat Oregi, Cristina Marieta. Contribution of University to Environmental Energy Sustainability in the City. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. 2020. "Contribution of University to Environmental Energy Sustainability in the City." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 774.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2019 in EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica
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Mediante este trabajo se quiere poner de relieve la dificultad que supone la realización de un levantamiento gráfico en un espacio arquitectónico que es industrial y además está en uso. Frente a la necesidad de elaborar una documentación gráfica de manera precisa y rigurosa, en un ámbito con un alto grado de fragmentación espacial e iluminación natural muy deficiente, la aplicación de las técnicas fotogramétricas y escaneado láser presentan limitaciones importantes. De esta manera, se hace necesario recurrir a herramientas complementarias, en las que el levantamiento gráfico tradicional, mediante el uso combinado de procesos de medición directa, juega un papel fundamental. Se describe el procedimiento combinado de las distintas técnicas empleadas y algunos resultados comparativos que permiten establecer conclusiones sobre la calidad de la documentación geométrica obtenida.

ACS Style

María Senderos Laka; Iñigo Leon; Jose Javier Perez Martinez. Levantamiento gráfico de patrimonio industrial en actividad: Nueva Cerámica de Orio. EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica 2019, 24, 92 .

AMA Style

María Senderos Laka, Iñigo Leon, Jose Javier Perez Martinez. Levantamiento gráfico de patrimonio industrial en actividad: Nueva Cerámica de Orio. EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 2019; 24 (36):92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Senderos Laka; Iñigo Leon; Jose Javier Perez Martinez. 2019. "Levantamiento gráfico de patrimonio industrial en actividad: Nueva Cerámica de Orio." EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica 24, no. 36: 92.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Over the past few years, town planners and architects have been facing increasing demands regarding the performance of urban development projects in terms of environment, quality of life and socio-economic issues. For this reason, several tools capable of assessing their environmental impacts have been developed. NEST (Neighbourhood Evaluation for Sustainable Territories) is a particularly interesting one since it permits performing simultaneous environmental, economic and social analyses at a district scale, in addition to evaluating refurbishment scenarios, with a life cycle perspective. Nowadays, universities can be considered as “small cities” due to their large size, population, and the many complex activities that take place on the campuses; thus, they have a direct and indirect impact on the environment. In this article, the authors present the results obtained from the environmental evaluation of the four campuses of the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), using NEST. First, the evaluation consisted of analysing baseline environmental impacts of the four campuses, and then, in order to reduce environmental impacts, the authors presented numerous refurbishment scenarios for the campuses, according to national and international declarations concerning sustainable development in higher education.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. Environmental assessment of four Basque University campuses using the NEST tool. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 42, 396 -406.

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon, Xabat Oregi, Cristina Marieta. Environmental assessment of four Basque University campuses using the NEST tool. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 42 ():396-406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. 2018. "Environmental assessment of four Basque University campuses using the NEST tool." Sustainable Cities and Society 42, no. : 396-406.

Conference paper
Published: 31 May 2018 in Graphic Imprints
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Building Information Modeling (BIM), opens a new paradigm in architecture education. An analysis of the tools (including those related to Graphic Expression), of educational resources and of the appropriate educational environment is carried out to be able to develop collaborative teaching dynamics around a Model developed by several disciplines. Following the teaching experience developed in BIM, and considering research on the subject in other countries, it is considered essential to insist on the dynamics of network collaboration through servers or synchronization platforms. It is recommended to know how to interact using Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) files with different software based on the geometric model. It is interesting to use different software for calculation, graphical detection of collisions, visualization of the constructive sequence, 3D scanning, rendering, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality. The use of this last tool will make it possible to guarantee the coherence of the architectural projects before they are completed. As new resources, they are proposed: The exchange web platforms, forums and chat of doubts between students and teachers, and video tutorials as a self-learning resource at your own pace, among others.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon Cascante; Jose Javier Perez Martinez. Impact of BIM on Tools, Resources and Teaching Environments. Graphic Imprints 2018, 1543 -1553.

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon Cascante, Jose Javier Perez Martinez. Impact of BIM on Tools, Resources and Teaching Environments. Graphic Imprints. 2018; ():1543-1553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon Cascante; Jose Javier Perez Martinez. 2018. "Impact of BIM on Tools, Resources and Teaching Environments." Graphic Imprints , no. : 1543-1553.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2018 in EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica
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La inclusión de la metodología BIM (Building Information Modeling) en los estudios de Grado de Arquitectura es un hecho ineludible. Esta implantación afecta, especialmente, al modo de plantear la docencia en Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (EGA). Tras el estudio de los congresos y publicaciones más relevantes en la materia, se ha desarrollado un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa basado en la colaboración entre asignaturas y dirigido por el Área EGA. Se definen las características de la implantación, en la que se concluye que la clave está en la colaboración, donde EGA tiene un papel líder. Se trata de plantear metodologías docentes innovadoras para BIM, sin rechazar ciertas técnicas tradicionales imprescindibles de EGA.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon; Jose Javier Perez Martinez. Docencia colaborativa en BIM. Desde la tradición y dirigida por la expresión gráfica arquitectónica. EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica 2018, 23, 76 -87.

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon, Jose Javier Perez Martinez. Docencia colaborativa en BIM. Desde la tradición y dirigida por la expresión gráfica arquitectónica. EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 2018; 23 (32):76-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon; Jose Javier Perez Martinez. 2018. "Docencia colaborativa en BIM. Desde la tradición y dirigida por la expresión gráfica arquitectónica." EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica 23, no. 32: 76-87.

Conference paper
Published: 27 September 2017 in Architectural Draughtsmanship
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The architectural activity in the construction stage, may be simplified into two distinct phases. On one side is the pre or conceptual phase, and secondly, the realization or execution phase. It can be ensured that there have been three historical stages in how to generate the graphic documentation of the conceptual phase: 1. Pre-Digital stage; 2. Digital stage; 3. BIM stage. It delves into the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three methods, in a comparison of execution times, rates of use of the tool in teaching and its reflection in the educational and professional fields.

ACS Style

Iñigo Leon Cascante; Fernando Mora Martin; Juan Pedro Otaduy Zubizarreta; Maialen Sagarna Aranburu. Three Historic Stages in the Graphic Confection of Project Documentation. BIM: Meetings in the Third Phase of the XXI Century. Architectural Draughtsmanship 2017, 1089 -1097.

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon Cascante, Fernando Mora Martin, Juan Pedro Otaduy Zubizarreta, Maialen Sagarna Aranburu. Three Historic Stages in the Graphic Confection of Project Documentation. BIM: Meetings in the Third Phase of the XXI Century. Architectural Draughtsmanship. 2017; ():1089-1097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon Cascante; Fernando Mora Martin; Juan Pedro Otaduy Zubizarreta; Maialen Sagarna Aranburu. 2017. "Three Historic Stages in the Graphic Confection of Project Documentation. BIM: Meetings in the Third Phase of the XXI Century." Architectural Draughtsmanship , no. : 1089-1097.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in JIDA
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ACS Style

Cristina Marieta; Aloña Retegi; Iñigo Leon. ¿Peligra la escultura del Peine del Viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota? Diseño de un ABP orientado al aprendizaje activo en la formación de Arquitectos Técnicos. JIDA 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Cristina Marieta, Aloña Retegi, Iñigo Leon. ¿Peligra la escultura del Peine del Viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota? Diseño de un ABP orientado al aprendizaje activo en la formación de Arquitectos Técnicos. JIDA. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Marieta; Aloña Retegi; Iñigo Leon. 2016. "¿Peligra la escultura del Peine del Viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota? Diseño de un ABP orientado al aprendizaje activo en la formación de Arquitectos Técnicos." JIDA , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in JIDA
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ACS Style

Iñigo Leon; M Sagarna; F Mora; C Marieta; J Otaduy. El empleo de la tecnología BIM en la docencia vinculada a la Arquitectura: aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo basado en Proyectos reales entre diferentes asignaturas. JIDA 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Iñigo Leon, M Sagarna, F Mora, C Marieta, J Otaduy. El empleo de la tecnología BIM en la docencia vinculada a la Arquitectura: aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo basado en Proyectos reales entre diferentes asignaturas. JIDA. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Leon; M Sagarna; F Mora; C Marieta; J Otaduy. 2016. "El empleo de la tecnología BIM en la docencia vinculada a la Arquitectura: aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo basado en Proyectos reales entre diferentes asignaturas." JIDA , no. : 1.