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This study aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and generic Escherichia coli from a One Health continuum of the beef production system in Alberta, Canada. A total of 705 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (ESCr) were obtained from: cattle feces (CFeces, n = 382), catch basins (CBasins, n = 137), surrounding streams (SStreams, n = 59), beef processing plants (BProcessing, n = 4), municipal sewage (MSewage; n = 98) and human clinical specimens (CHumans, n = 25). Generic isolates (663) included: CFeces (n = 142), CBasins (n = 185), SStreams (n = 81), BProcessing (n = 159) and MSewage (n = 96). All isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility to 9 antimicrobials and two clavulanic acid combinations. In ESCr, oxytetracycline (87.7%), ampicillin (84.4%) and streptomycin (73.8%) resistance phenotypes were the most common, with source influencing AMR prevalence (p < 0.001). In generic E. coli, oxytetracycline (51.1%), streptomycin (22.6%), ampicillin (22.5%) and sulfisoxazole (14.3%) resistance were most common. Overall, 88.8% of ESCr, and 26.7% of generic isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR in ESCr was high from all sources: CFeces (97.1%), MSewage (96.9%), CHumans (96%), BProcessing (100%), CBasins (70.5%) and SStreams (61.4%). MDR in generic E. coli was lower with CFeces (45.1%), CBasins (34.6%), SStreams (23.5%), MSewage (13.6%) and BProcessing (10.7%). ESBL phenotypes were confirmed in 24.7% (n = 174) ESCr and 0.6% of generic E. coli. Prevalence of bla genes in ESCr were blaCTXM (30.1%), blaCTXM-1 (21.6%), blaTEM (20%), blaCTXM-9 (7.9%), blaOXA (3.0%), blaCTXM-2 (6.4%), blaSHV (1.4%) and AmpC β-lactamase blaCMY (81.3%). The lower AMR in ESCr from SStreams and BProcessing and higher AMR in CHumans and CFeces likely reflects antimicrobial use in these environments. Although MDR levels were higher in ESCr as compared to generic E. coli, AMR to the same antimicrobials ranked high in both ESCr and generic E. coli sub-populations. This suggests that both sub-populations reflect similar AMR trends and are equally useful for AMR surveillance. Considering that MDR ESCr MSewage isolates were obtained without enrichment, while those from CFeces were obtained with enrichment, MSewage may serve as a hot spot for MDR emergence and dissemination.
Emelia H. Adator; Claudia Narvaez-Bravo; Rahat Zaheer; Shaun R. Cook; Lisa Tymensen; Sherry J. Hannon; Calvin W. Booker; Deirdre Church; Ron R. Read; Tim A. McAllister. A One Health Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Beef Production, Sewage and Clinical Settings. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 885 .
AMA StyleEmelia H. Adator, Claudia Narvaez-Bravo, Rahat Zaheer, Shaun R. Cook, Lisa Tymensen, Sherry J. Hannon, Calvin W. Booker, Deirdre Church, Ron R. Read, Tim A. McAllister. A One Health Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Beef Production, Sewage and Clinical Settings. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (6):885.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmelia H. Adator; Claudia Narvaez-Bravo; Rahat Zaheer; Shaun R. Cook; Lisa Tymensen; Sherry J. Hannon; Calvin W. Booker; Deirdre Church; Ron R. Read; Tim A. McAllister. 2020. "A One Health Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Beef Production, Sewage and Clinical Settings." Microorganisms 8, no. 6: 885.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has important implications for the continued use of antibiotics to control infectious diseases in both beef cattle and humans. AMR along the One Health continuum of the beef production system is largely unknown. Here, whole genomes of presumptive extended-spectrum β-lactamase E. coli (ESBL-EC) from cattle feces (n = 40), feedlot catch basins (n = 42), surrounding streams (n = 21), a beef processing plant (n = 4), municipal sewage (n = 30), and clinical patients (n = 25) are described. ESBL-EC were isolated from ceftriaxone selective plates and subcultured on ampicillin selective plates. Agreement of genotype-phenotype prediction of AMR ranged from 93.2% for ampicillin to 100% for neomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin resistance. Overall, β-lactam (100%; blaEC, blaTEM-1, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M-), tetracycline (90.1%; tet(A), tet(B)) and folate synthesis (sul2) antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were most prevalent. The ARGs tet(C), tet(M), tet(32), blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaOXA-1, dfrA18, dfrA19, catB3, and catB4 were exclusive to human sources, while blaTEM-150, blaSHV-11–12, dfrA12, cmlA1, and cmlA5 were exclusive to beef cattle sources. Frequently encountered virulence factors across all sources included adhesion and type II and III secretion systems, while IncFIB(AP001918) and IncFII plasmids were also common. Specificity and prevalence of ARGs between cattle-sourced and human-sourced presumptive ESBL-EC likely reflect differences in antimicrobial use in cattle and humans. Comparative genomics revealed phylogenetically distinct clusters for isolates from human vs. cattle sources, implying that human infections caused by ESBL-EC in this region might not originate from beef production sources.
Emelia H. Adator; Matthew Walker; Claudia Narvaez-Bravo; Rahat Zaheer; Noriko Goji; Shaun R. Cook; Lisa Tymensen; Sherry J. Hannon; Deirdre Church; Calvin W. Booker; Kingsley Amoako; Celine A. Nadon; Ron Read; Tim A. McAllister. Whole Genome Sequencing Differentiates Presumptive Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli along Segments of the One Health Continuum. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 448 .
AMA StyleEmelia H. Adator, Matthew Walker, Claudia Narvaez-Bravo, Rahat Zaheer, Noriko Goji, Shaun R. Cook, Lisa Tymensen, Sherry J. Hannon, Deirdre Church, Calvin W. Booker, Kingsley Amoako, Celine A. Nadon, Ron Read, Tim A. McAllister. Whole Genome Sequencing Differentiates Presumptive Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli along Segments of the One Health Continuum. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (3):448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmelia H. Adator; Matthew Walker; Claudia Narvaez-Bravo; Rahat Zaheer; Noriko Goji; Shaun R. Cook; Lisa Tymensen; Sherry J. Hannon; Deirdre Church; Calvin W. Booker; Kingsley Amoako; Celine A. Nadon; Ron Read; Tim A. McAllister. 2020. "Whole Genome Sequencing Differentiates Presumptive Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli along Segments of the One Health Continuum." Microorganisms 8, no. 3: 448.
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) E. coli and related Enterobacteriaceae is a serious problem necessitating new mitigation strategies and antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocins, functionally diverse toxins produced by most microbes, have long been studied for their antimicrobial potential. Bacteriocins have once again received attention for their role as probiotic traits that could mitigate pathogen burden and AMR bacteria in livestock. Here, bacteriocins were identified by activity screening and whole-genome sequencing of bacteriocin-producers capable of inhibiting bovine and wastewater E. coli isolates enriched for resistance to cephalosporins. Producers were tested for activity against shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), AMR E. coli, and related enteric pathogens. Multiple bacteriocins were found in 14 out of 90 E. coli isolates tested. Based on alignment within BACTIBASE, colicins M, B, R, Ia, Ib, S4, E1, E2, and microcins V, J25, and H47, encoded by identical, variant, or truncated genes were identified. Although some bacteriocin-producers exhibited activity against AMR and STEC E. coli in agar-based assays, most did not. Despite this idiosyncrasy, liquid co-cultures of all bacteriocinogenic isolates with luciferase-expressing generic (K12) or STEC E. coli (EDL933) resulted in inhibited growth or reduced viability. These abundant toxins may have real potential as next-generation control strategies in livestock production systems but separating the bacteriocin from its immunity gene may be necessary for such a strategy to be effective.
Andrew Cameron; Rahat Zaheer; Emelia H. Adator; Ruth Barbieri; Tim Reuter; Tim A. McAllister. Bacteriocin Occurrence and Activity in Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovines and Wastewater. Toxins 2019, 11, 475 .
AMA StyleAndrew Cameron, Rahat Zaheer, Emelia H. Adator, Ruth Barbieri, Tim Reuter, Tim A. McAllister. Bacteriocin Occurrence and Activity in Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovines and Wastewater. Toxins. 2019; 11 (8):475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Cameron; Rahat Zaheer; Emelia H. Adator; Ruth Barbieri; Tim Reuter; Tim A. McAllister. 2019. "Bacteriocin Occurrence and Activity in Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovines and Wastewater." Toxins 11, no. 8: 475.