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Untreated wastewater contains toxic amounts of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), which poses a serious threat to the growth and physiology of plants when used in irrigation. Though, Cr is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. To explore the interactive effects of micronutrients with amino acid chelators [iron-lysine (Fe-lys) and zinc-lysine (Zn-lys)], pot experiments were conducted in a controlled environment, using spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant irrigated with tannery wastewater. S. oleracea was treated without Fe and Zn-lys (0 mg/L Zn-lys and 0 mg/L Fe-lys) and also treated with various combinations of (interactive application) Fe and Zn-lys (10 mg/L Zn-lys and 5 mg/L Fe-lys), when cultivated at different levels [0 (control) 33, 66 and 100%) of tannery wastewater in the soil having a toxic level of Cr in it. According to the results, we have found that, high concentration of Cr in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced plant height, fresh biomass of roots and leaves, dry biomass of roots and leaves, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoid contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), and water use efficiency (WUE) and the contents of Zn and Fe in the plant organs without foliar application of Zn and Fe-lys. Moreover, phytotoxicity of Cr increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the plant organs (roots and leaves), which induced oxidative damage in S. oleracea manifested by the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane leakage. The negative effects of Cr toxicity could be overturned by Zn and Fe-lys application, which significantly (P < 0.05) increase plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gaseous exchange attributes by reducing oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA, EL) and increasing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Furthermore, the supplementation of Zn and Fe-lys increased the contents of essential nutrients (Fe and Zn) and decreased the content of Cr in all plant parts compared to the plants cultivated in tannery wastewater without application of Fe-lys. Taken together, foliar supplementation of Zn and Fe-lys alleviates Cr toxicity in S. oleracea by increased morpho-physiological attributes of the plants, decreased Cr contents and increased micronutrients uptake by the soil, and can be an effective in heavy metal toxicity remedial approach for other crops.
Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Riaz; Sehar Javed; Anam Sehar; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2020, 26, 2435 -2452.
AMA StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Riaz, Sehar Javed, Anam Sehar, Zohaib Abbas, Muhammad Rizwan, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2020; 26 (12):2435-2452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Riaz; Sehar Javed; Anam Sehar; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2020. "Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 26, no. 12: 2435-2452.
Contamination of soil and water with metals and metalloids is one of the most serious problems worldwide due to a lack of a healthy diet and food scarcity. Moreover, the cultivation of oilseed crops such as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with tannery wastewater could contain a large amount of toxic heavy metals [e.g., chromium (Cr)], which ultimately reduce its yield and directly influence oilseed quality. To overcome Cr toxicity in B. napus, a pot experiment was conducted to enhance plant growth and biomass by using newly introduced role of micronutrient-amino chelates [Zinc-lysine (Zn-lys)], which was irrigated with different levels [0% (control), 33%, 66%, and 100%] of tannery wastewater. According to the results of present findings, very high content of Cr in the wastewater directly affected plant growth and composition as well as gas exchange parameters, while boosting up the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced oxidative damage in the roots and leaves of B. napus. However, activities of antioxidants initially increased (33% of wastewater), but further addition of tannery wastewater in the soil caused a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, which also manifested by Zn content, while the conscious addition of wastewater significantly increased Cr content in the roots and shoots of B. napus. To reduce Cr toxicity in B. napus plants, exogenous supplementation of Zn-lys (10 mg/L) plays an effective role in increasing morpho-physiological attributes of B. napus and also reduces the oxidative stress in the roots and leaves of the oilseed crop (B. napus). Enhancement in different growth attributes was directly linked with increased in antioxidative enzymes while decreased uptake and accumulation of Cr content in B. napus when cultivated in wastewater with the application of Zn-lys. Zn-lys, therefore, plays a protective role in reducing the Cr toxicity of B. napus through an increase in plant growth and lowering of Cr uptake in various plant organs. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of Zn–lys mediated reduction of Cr and possibly other heavy metal toxicity in plants.
Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Qurban Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya. Zinc-lysine Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by Preventing Phytotoxicity of Chromium, When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Plants 2020, 9, 1145 .
AMA StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Qurban Ali, Zohaib Abbas, Muhammad Rizwan, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Leonard Wijaya. Zinc-lysine Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by Preventing Phytotoxicity of Chromium, When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Plants. 2020; 9 (9):1145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Qurban Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya. 2020. "Zinc-lysine Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by Preventing Phytotoxicity of Chromium, When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater." Plants 9, no. 9: 1145.
Chromium (Cr) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. However, the role of micronutrient-amino chelates on reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants was recently introduced. In the current experiment, the exogenous application of micronutrients [iron (Fe)] chelated with amino acid [lysine (lys)] was examined, using an in vivo approach that involved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments and gaseous exchange parameters, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant response. The uptake and accumulation of Fe and Cr were determined under different levels of tannery wastewater (33, 66, 100%) used along with the exogenous supplementation of Fe-lys (5 mM) to Spinacia oleracea plants. Results revealed that tannery wastewater in the soil decreased plant growth and growth-related attributes, photosynthetic apparatus and Fe contents in different parts of the plants. In contrast, the addition of different levels of tannery wastewater to the soil significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage (EL), which induced oxidative damage in the roots and leaves of S. oleracea plants. However, S. oleracea plants increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which scavenge the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cr toxicity can be overcome by the supplementation of Fe-lys, which significantly increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic machinery and increased the activities of different antioxidative enzymes, even in the plants grown under different levels of tannery wastewater in the soil. Furthermore, the supplementation of Fe-lys increased the contents of essential nutrients (Fe) and decreased the contents of Cr in all plant parts compared to the plants cultivated in tannery wastewater without application of Fe-lys. In conclusion, the application of Fe-lys is an innovative approach to mitigate Cr stress in spinach plants, which not only increased plant growth and biomass but also decreased the Cr contents in different plant organs.
Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Iqra Noor; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Kashif Hayat; Muhammad Rizwan; Zohaib Abbas; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya. Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6690 .
AMA StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Iqra Noor, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Kashif Hayat, Muhammad Rizwan, Zohaib Abbas, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Leonard Wijaya. Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6690.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Iqra Noor; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Kashif Hayat; Muhammad Rizwan; Zohaib Abbas; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya. 2020. "Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6690.
Chromium (Cr) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils resulting from various anthropogenic activities. However, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelates in reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants has recently been suggested. The present study was conducted to explore the effect of iron (Fe) chelated with lysine (lys) on plant growth, biomass, gaseous exchange attributes, oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant response, and Cr uptake in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater in soil collected from District Kasur of Pakistan. B. napus seedlings (thirty-day-old) were shifted to pots irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. After two weeks, foliar application of Fe–lys (5 mM) was carried out for four successive weeks, and plants were harvested carefully post ten weeks of cultivation in tannery wastewater, under controlled conditions. Toxic levels of Cr in the soil significantly decreased plant height, fresh biomass of roots and leaves, dry biomass of roots and leaves, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoid contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), and water use efficiency (WUE). Toxic Cr levels in the soil also increased oxidative stress in the roots and leaves of B. napus plants, which were overcome by the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Moreover, increasing levels of Cr in the soil caused a significant increase in the Cr content of the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. The negative effects of Cr toxicity could be overturned by Fe–lys application, significantly increasing plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gaseous exchange attributes by reducing oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA, EL) and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, foliar application of Fe–lys reduced the Cr concentration and increased essential micronutrients (Fe contents) in the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. These results shed light on the effectiveness of Fe–lys in improving the growth and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of B. napus in response to Cr stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of Fe–lys-mediated reduction of the toxicity of not only Cr, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants.
Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Imran; Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi; Basmah M. Alharbi; Muhammad Riaz; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mona H. Soliman. Role of iron–lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2020, 155, 70 -84.
AMA StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Muhammad Imran, Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi, Basmah M. Alharbi, Muhammad Riaz, Zohaib Abbas, Muhammad Rizwan, Mona H. Soliman. Role of iron–lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020; 155 ():70-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Imran; Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi; Basmah M. Alharbi; Muhammad Riaz; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mona H. Soliman. 2020. "Role of iron–lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 155, no. : 70-84.
The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.
Fan Wei; Munazzam Shahid; Ghalia Alnusairi; Muhammad Afzal; Aziz Khan; Mohamed El-Esawi; Zohaib Abbas; Kunhua Wei; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5801 .
AMA StyleFan Wei, Munazzam Shahid, Ghalia Alnusairi, Muhammad Afzal, Aziz Khan, Mohamed El-Esawi, Zohaib Abbas, Kunhua Wei, Ihsan Zaheer, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali. Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan Wei; Munazzam Shahid; Ghalia Alnusairi; Muhammad Afzal; Aziz Khan; Mohamed El-Esawi; Zohaib Abbas; Kunhua Wei; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. 2020. "Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5801.
Heavy-metal (HM) pollution is considered a leading source of environmental contamination. Heavy-metal pollution in ground water poses a serious threat to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional treatment technologies to remove the pollutants from wastewater are usually costly, time-consuming, environmentally destructive, and mostly inefficient. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective green emerging technology with long-lasting applicability. The selection of plant species is the most significant aspect for successful phytoremediation. Aquatic plants hold steep efficiency for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Duck weed (Lemna minor) along with some other aquatic plants are prominent metal accumulator plants for the remediation of heavy-metal polluted water. The phytoremediation potential of the aquatic plant can be further enhanced by the application of innovative approaches in phytoremediation. A summarizing review regarding the use of aquatic plants in phytoremediation is gathered in order to present the broad applicability of phytoremediation.
Shafaqat Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Ihsan Zaheer; Ilkay Yavaş; Aydın Ünay; Mohamed Abdel-Daim; May Bin-Jumah; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Dimitris Kalderis. Application of Floating Aquatic Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1927 .
AMA StyleShafaqat Ali, Zohaib Abbas, Muhammad Rizwan, Ihsan Zaheer, Ilkay Yavaş, Aydın Ünay, Mohamed Abdel-Daim, May Bin-Jumah, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Dimitris Kalderis. Application of Floating Aquatic Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1927.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafaqat Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Ihsan Zaheer; Ilkay Yavaş; Aydın Ünay; Mohamed Abdel-Daim; May Bin-Jumah; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Dimitris Kalderis. 2020. "Application of Floating Aquatic Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1927.
Anthropogenic activities have resulted in severe environmental degradation. Untreated wastewater from tanneries is hazardous to all kinds of life on earth. Effluent from tanning industries, containing large amount of Cr, is used to irrigate the crops in Pakistan. The current experiment was carried out to study the effects of tannery wastewater on spinach and the role of lysine-Zn in mitigating the severity of stress. The plants were grown in soil and the following treatments were used: irrigation with 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% wastewater (ww) along with two doses (0 mM, 10 mM) of Zn-lysine. Foliar application of zinc-lysine enhanced the plant growth, biomass, Zn contents, photosynthesis, and enzyme activities in different tissues of plant. Zinc-lysine (10 mM) considerably decreased the Cr content in roots and shoots, along with ameliorating the oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in plants. Addition of Zn-lys (10 mM) improved the plant height by 19%, root length by 57%, leaf dry weight by 19%, and root dry weight by33% under 100% Cr treatment. Zn-lys significantly reduces the oxidative stress and concentration of Cr as compared with the Cr treatments alone. Application of Zn-lys (10 mM) reduced the Cr contents in roots by 27 and 22 under 33 and 66% Cr treatment, respectively. Taken together, Zn-lys chelates efficiently ameliorated the toxic effects of chromium. Zn-lysine has the extravagant potential of mitigating the heavy metal toxicity without harming the normal growth and development of the plants.
Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Firdaus-E- Bareen; Zohaib Abbas; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Zinc-lysine prevents chromium-induced morphological, photosynthetic, and oxidative alterations in spinach irrigated with tannery wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 28951 -28961.
AMA StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Firdaus-E- Bareen, Zohaib Abbas, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Zinc-lysine prevents chromium-induced morphological, photosynthetic, and oxidative alterations in spinach irrigated with tannery wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (28):28951-28961.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Firdaus-E- Bareen; Zohaib Abbas; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Zinc-lysine prevents chromium-induced morphological, photosynthetic, and oxidative alterations in spinach irrigated with tannery wastewater." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 28: 28951-28961.
In the present study, the effectiveness of water hyacinth and water lettuce was tested for the phytoremediation of landfill leachate for the period of 15 days. Fifteen plastic containers were used in experimental setup where aquatic plants were fitted as a floating bed with the help of thermo-pole sheet. It was observed that both plants significantly (p < 0.05/p < 0.01/p < 0.001) reduce the physicochemical parameters pH, TDS, BOD, COD and heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu and Ni from landfill leachate. Maximum reduction in these parameters was obtained at 50% and 75% landfill leachate treatment and their removal rate gradually increased from day 3 to day 15 of the experiment. The maximum removal rate for heavy metals such as for Zn (80-90%), Fe (83-87%) and Pb (76-84%) was attained by Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes. Value of bioconcentration and translocation factor was less than 1 which indicates the low transport of heavy metals from roots to the above-ground parts of the plants. Both these plants accumulate heavy metals inside their body without showing much reduction in growth and showing tolerance to all the present metals. Therefore, results obtained from the study suggest that these aquatic plants are suitable candidate for the removal of pollution load from landfill leachate.
Zohaib Abbas; Fariha Arooj; Shafaqat Ali; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz. Phytoremediation of landfill leachate waste contaminants through floating bed technique using water hyacinth and water lettuce. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2019, 21, 1356 -1367.
AMA StyleZohaib Abbas, Fariha Arooj, Shafaqat Ali, Ihsan Zaheer, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Ahsan Riaz. Phytoremediation of landfill leachate waste contaminants through floating bed technique using water hyacinth and water lettuce. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2019; 21 (13):1356-1367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZohaib Abbas; Fariha Arooj; Shafaqat Ali; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz. 2019. "Phytoremediation of landfill leachate waste contaminants through floating bed technique using water hyacinth and water lettuce." International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, no. 13: 1356-1367.
Phytoextraction of zinc, copper, lead, iron, and nickel from landfill leachate by duckweed (L. minor) was investigated every 3 days over a period of 2 weeks. Bioconcentration factor and removal efficiency were also calculated. Results of this study proved that L. minor significantly reduced the concentration of heavy metals in landfill leachate. Removal efficiency of L. minor, for all the metals, from landfill leachate was more than 70% with the maximum value for copper (91%). Reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) was observed by 39% and 47%, respectively. However, other physiochemical parameters like pH, total suspended solids, (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were reduced by 13%, 33%, and 41%, respectively. The value of bioconcentration factor (BCF) was less than 1 with the maximum figure for copper (0.84) and lead (0.81), showing that the plant is a moderate accumulator for these heavy metals. Duckweed (L. minor) appeared as a sustainable alternative candidate and is recommended for the treatment of landfill leachate waste water contaminants.
M. K. Daud; Shafaqat Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz; Afifa Malik; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Shui Jin Zhu. Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor) for the Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate. Journal of Chemistry 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleM. K. Daud, Shafaqat Ali, Zohaib Abbas, Ihsan Zaheer, Muhammad Ahsan Riaz, Afifa Malik, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Shui Jin Zhu. Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor) for the Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate. Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. K. Daud; Shafaqat Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz; Afifa Malik; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Shui Jin Zhu. 2018. "Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor) for the Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate." Journal of Chemistry 2018, no. : 1-9.
Successful application of low-cost adsorbent like biochar has introduced multidisciplinary areas of science, particularly with respect to remediation of both organic and inorganic contaminants in soil and water. This review briefly consolidates the currently available literature to comprehend the overall adsorption mechanisms of organic and inorganic contaminants through biochar. Generally, biochar produced at low pyrolysis temperature is suitable for the adsorption of inorganic contaminants by following the adsorption mechanisms of electrostatic interaction, precipitation, and ion exchange. However, relatively high pyrolysis temperature favors the adsorption of organic contaminants by increasing the surface area and micropores of biochar along with pore filling and hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction as predominant adsorption mechanisms. This review also summarizes the critical factors (pyrolysis temperature, solution pH, dosage of biochar, contact time, co-existed ions, modification/activation, aging process, etc) affecting the overall adsorption efficiency of the biochar. Overall, further field studies and experimentation are required for the reduction of cost in biochar production and its reuse.
Zohaib Abbas; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Ihsan Zaheer; Afifa Malik; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz; Muhammad Rizwan Shahid; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Mohammad I. Al-Wabel. A critical review of mechanisms involved in the adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants through biochar. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2018, 11, 448 .
AMA StyleZohaib Abbas, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Ihsan Zaheer, Afifa Malik, Muhammad Ahsan Riaz, Muhammad Rizwan Shahid, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Mohammad I. Al-Wabel. A critical review of mechanisms involved in the adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants through biochar. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2018; 11 (16):448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZohaib Abbas; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Ihsan Zaheer; Afifa Malik; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz; Muhammad Rizwan Shahid; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Mohammad I. Al-Wabel. 2018. "A critical review of mechanisms involved in the adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants through biochar." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11, no. 16: 448.
Th aim of this study is to investigate spatio-temporal trends of dengue vector breeding and epidemic (disease incidence) influenced by climatic factors. The spatio-temporal (low-, medium-, and high-intensity periods) evaluation of entomological and epidemiological investigations along with climatic factors like rainfall (RF), temperature (Tmax), relative humidity (RH), and larval indexing was conducted to develop correlations in the area of Lahore, Pakistan. The vector abundance and disease transmission trend was geo-tagged for spatial insight. The sufficient rainfall events and optimum temperature and relative humidity supported dengue vector breeding with high larval indices for water-related containers (27-37%). Among temporal analysis, the high-intensity period exponentially projected disease incidence followed by post-rainfall impacts. The high larval incidence that was observed in early high-intensity periods effected the dengue incidence. The disease incidence had a strong association with RF (r = 0.940, α = 0.01). The vector larva occurrence (r = 0.017, α = 0.05) influenced the disease incidence. Similarly, RH (r = 0.674, α = 0.05) and average Tmax (r = 0.307, α = 0.05) also induced impact on the disease incidence. In this study, the vulnerability to dengue fever highly correlates with meteorological factors during high-intensity period. It provides area-specific understanding of vector behavior, key containers, and seasonal patterns of dengue vector breeding and disease transmission which is essential for preparing an effective prevention plan against the vector.
Afifa Malik; Abdullah Yasar; Amtul Bari Tabinda; Ihsan Zaheer; Adeeba Batool; Yusra Mahfooz. Assessing spatio-temporal trend of vector breeding and dengue fever incidence in association with meteorological conditions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2017, 189, 173 .
AMA StyleAfifa Malik, Abdullah Yasar, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Ihsan Zaheer, Adeeba Batool, Yusra Mahfooz. Assessing spatio-temporal trend of vector breeding and dengue fever incidence in association with meteorological conditions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2017; 189 (4):173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfifa Malik; Abdullah Yasar; Amtul Bari Tabinda; Ihsan Zaheer; Adeeba Batool; Yusra Mahfooz. 2017. "Assessing spatio-temporal trend of vector breeding and dengue fever incidence in association with meteorological conditions." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189, no. 4: 173.
Use of organic acids for promoting heavy metals phytoextraction is gaining worldwide attention. The present study investigated the influence of citric acid (CA) in enhancing copper (Cu) uptake by Brassica napus L. seedlings. 6 Weeks old B. napus seedlings were exposed to different levels of copper (Cu, 0, 50 and 100µM) alone or with CA (2.5mM) in a nutrient medium for 40 days. Exposure to elevated Cu levels (50 and 100µM) significantly reduced the growth, biomass production, chlorophyll content, gas exchange attributes and soluble proteins of B. napus seedlings. In addition, Cu toxicity increased the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) in leaf and root tissues of B. napus. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as guaiacol peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in root and shoot tissues of B. napus were increased in response to lower Cu concentration (50µM) but increased under higher Cu concentration (100µM). Addition of CA into nutrient medium significantly alleviated Cu toxicity effects on B. napus seedlings by improving photosynthetic capacity and ultimately plant growth. Increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in CA-treated plants seems to play a role in capturing of stress-induced reactive oxygen species as was evident from lower level of H2O2, MDA and EL in CA-treated plants. Increasing Cu concentration in the nutrient medium significantly increased Cu concentration in in B. napus tissues. Cu uptake was further increased by CA application. These results suggested that CA might be a useful strategy for increasing phytoextraction of Cu from contaminated soils.
Ihsan Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Mujahid Farid; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Rafaqa Ali Gill; Ullah Najeeb; Naeem Iqbal; Rehan Ahmad. Citric acid assisted phytoremediation of copper by Brassica napus L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2015, 120, 310 -317.
AMA StyleIhsan Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Mujahid Farid, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Rafaqa Ali Gill, Ullah Najeeb, Naeem Iqbal, Rehan Ahmad. Citric acid assisted phytoremediation of copper by Brassica napus L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2015; 120 ():310-317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhsan Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Mujahid Farid; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Rafaqa Ali Gill; Ullah Najeeb; Naeem Iqbal; Rehan Ahmad. 2015. "Citric acid assisted phytoremediation of copper by Brassica napus L." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 120, no. : 310-317.