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Generally white color of the skin is regarded as a feature of superiority and prettiness around the world. Both the males and females in Pakistan apply skin-lightening creams (SLC) but they do not know about the side-effects of their constituents. Skin-lightening products include SLC and related ointments. The SLC are made by mixing fates and water in standard procedure. Here, 20 SLC specimens were obtained and subjected to mercury, hydroquinone and the total plate count (TPC). The hydroquinone in SLC was determined using HPLC, mercury level was assessed by ICP OES and finally TPC were computing by utilizing nutrient media (Agar). The hydroquinone in SLC ranged from 0 to 7.14 ± 0.18% with a median value of 0.33%. In 25% of the studied samples, hydroquinone was not detected, 70% of the samples showed values within the limit and 5% of the samples (1 sample) had a hydroquinone concentration above the permissible limit defined by Pakistan (5%). The mercury ranged 0-7.7 ppm, with a median value of 2.5 ppm. Mercury was detected in 95% of the samples; thus, only 5% of the samples had no mercury. In turn, 20% had mercury within the limit value while 75% of the samples had concentration above the Pakistan standard limit (1 ppm). Moreover, TPC obtained in this study was less than the allowable value set according to European Union (EU). Hence, the SLC samples showed high concentration of toxic constituents which could cause deleterious skin diseases. Government must monitor such kind of cosmetic products regularly in order to reduce the danger.
Mehreen Arshad; Yumna Sadef; Muhammad Shakoor; Muhammad Naeem; Farzana Bashir; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Irfan Abid; Naeem Khan; Mohammed Alyemeni. Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8786 .
AMA StyleMehreen Arshad, Yumna Sadef, Muhammad Shakoor, Muhammad Naeem, Farzana Bashir, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Irfan Abid, Naeem Khan, Mohammed Alyemeni. Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8786.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehreen Arshad; Yumna Sadef; Muhammad Shakoor; Muhammad Naeem; Farzana Bashir; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Irfan Abid; Naeem Khan; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8786.
Lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) are one of the most harmful heavy metals (HMs), entering into the food chain through the irrigation of crops with an industrial effluent. The present study was performed to evaluate the toxic effects of textile effluents and performance of citric acid (CA) on phytoextraction potential of Lemna minor L. and Typha latifolia L. in an artificially designed wetland. Different doses of textile wastewater (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and CA (10 mM) were applied alone and in combination. Plants were harvested and the data was collected regarding agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), electrolytic leakage (EL) and HMs uptake and accumulation. The results depicted that the concentration and accumulation of Cu, Pb and Cr in different parts of T. latifolia plant was increased with and without CA addition. The maximum concentration of Pb, Cu and Cr increased in leaves by 279, 240 & 171%, in stem by 192, 172 & 154%, and in roots by 224, 183 & 168%, respectively. Similarly, the accumulation of Pb, Cu and Cr increased in leaves by 91, 71 & 36%, in stem by 57, 46 & 36% and in roots by 76, 53 & 45%, respectively in plants treated with 100% textile effluent as compared to the 25% textile effluent treated plants under CA amendment. In L. minor, the concentration of Pb, Cu & Cr increased by 542, 411 and 397% while accumulation increased by 101, 59 & 55% respectively in overall plant biomass.
Hafiz Khuzama Ishaq; Mujahid Farid; Muhammad Zubair; Hesham F. Alharby; Zaki Ul Zaman Asam; Sheharyaar Farid; Atif A. Bamagoos; Basmah M. Alharbi; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. Efficacy of Lemna minor and Typha latifolia for the treatment of textile industry wastewater in a constructed wetland under citric acid amendment: A lab scale study. Chemosphere 2021, 283, 131107 .
AMA StyleHafiz Khuzama Ishaq, Mujahid Farid, Muhammad Zubair, Hesham F. Alharby, Zaki Ul Zaman Asam, Sheharyaar Farid, Atif A. Bamagoos, Basmah M. Alharbi, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali. Efficacy of Lemna minor and Typha latifolia for the treatment of textile industry wastewater in a constructed wetland under citric acid amendment: A lab scale study. Chemosphere. 2021; 283 ():131107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz Khuzama Ishaq; Mujahid Farid; Muhammad Zubair; Hesham F. Alharby; Zaki Ul Zaman Asam; Sheharyaar Farid; Atif A. Bamagoos; Basmah M. Alharbi; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Efficacy of Lemna minor and Typha latifolia for the treatment of textile industry wastewater in a constructed wetland under citric acid amendment: A lab scale study." Chemosphere 283, no. : 131107.
The extensive use of lithium (Li) ion-based batteries has increased the contamination of soil and water systems due to widespread dispersal of Li products in the environment. In the current study, the influence of Li application on soil fertility and leachate was observed. Three soil samples were collected and five treatments of Li (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) were applied. After three months of Li treatment, leachate was collected and soil samples were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. The results showed that the mean values of soil pH were increased slightly after Li application while electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 1.2 to 5.1 µS/cm, indicating that soil was slightly saline in nature. The sodium was observed to be greater than the recommended values (0.3–0.7 mg/kg) in Li-amended soil while calcium and magnesium values decreased in soils compared to untreated soil. Mean values of phosphorus and potassium were greater before Li application and reduced considerably after Li application. Leachate analysis showed that all the parameters differed significantly except those of zinc and iron. The EC of leachate samples ranged from 2286–7188 µS/cm, which shows strong salinity. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 1–11, which indicates that it falls into the marginal soil category. Lithium concentration in leachate samples ranged from 0–95 mg/L, which was significantly higher than the acceptable value for lithium (2.5 mg/L) in leachate. A soil sample (3) with an additional 10% organic matter showed that after Li application, the loss of nutrients in leachate was less as compared to the other two samples, demonstrating that organic matter improved soil conditions and suppressed the negative effects of Li on soil. Our results could raise concerns about risks in situations where food and fodder crops are associated with Li-contaminated waste disposal.
Muhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1705 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Hayyat, Rab Nawaz, Zafar Siddiq, Muhammad Shakoor, Maira Mushtaq, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1705.
Chromium (Cr) in water bodies is considered as a major environmental issue around the world. In the present study, aqueous Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk was studied as a function of various environmental parameters. Equilibrium time was achieved in 2 h and maximum Cr(VI) adsorption was 78.6% at pH 5.2 and 120 mg L−1 initial Cr(VI) concentration. In isotherm experiments, the maximum sorption was observed as 379.63 mg g−1. Among four isotherm models, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Langmuir models showed the best fitting to the adsorption data, suggesting physical and monolayer adsorption to be the dominant mechanism. The kinetic modeling showed that a pseudo-second order model was suitable to describe kinetic equilibrium data, suggesting a fast adsorption rate of Cr(VI). The results of FTIR spectroscopy indicated that mainly –OH and C–H contributed to Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk. This paper provided evidence that rice husk could be a cost-effective, environment-friendly and efficient adsorptive material for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater due to its high adsorption capacity.
Usman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water 2021, 13, 263 .
AMA StyleUsman Khalil, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water. 2021; 13 (3):263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation." Water 13, no. 3: 263.
Floating treatment wetland (FTW) is an innovative, cost effective and environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment. The dyes in textile wastewater degrade water quality and pose harmful effects to living organisms. In this study, FTWs, vegetated with Phragmites australis and augmented with specific bacteria, were used to treat dye-enriched synthetic effluent. Three different types of textile wastewater were synthesized by adding three different dyes in tap water separately. The FTWs were augmented with three pollutants degrading and plant growth promoting bacterial strains (i.e., Acinetobacter junii strain NT-15, Rhodococcus sp. strain NT-39, and Pseudomonas indoloxydans strain NT-38). The water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), color, bacterial survival and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Fe). The results indicated that the FTWs removed pollutants and color from the treated water; however, the inoculated bacteria in combination with plants further enhanced the remediation potential of floating wetlands. In FTWs with P. australis and augmented with bacterial inoculum, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and color of dyes were significantly reduced as compared to only vegetated and non-vegetated floating treatment wetlands without bacterial inoculation. Similarly, the FTWs application successfully removed the heavy metal from the treated dye-enriched wastewater, predominately by FTWs inoculated with bacterial strains. The bacterial augmented vegetated FTWs, in the case of dye 1, reduced the concentration of Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb by 75%, 73.3%, 86.9%, 75%, 70% and 76.7%, respectively. Similarly, the bacterial inoculation to plants in the case of dye 2 achieved 77.5% (Cu), 73.3% (Ni), 83.3% (Zn), 77.5% (Fe), 66.7% (Mn) and 73.3% (Pb) removal rates. Likewise in the case of dye 3, which was treated with plants and inoculated bacteria, the metals removal rates were 77.5%, 73.3%, 89.7%, 81.0%, 70% and 65.5% for Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb, respectively. The inoculated bacteria showed persistence in water, in roots and in shoots of the inoculated plants. The bacteria also reduced the dye-induced toxicity and promoted plant growth for all three dyes. The overall results suggested that FTW could be a promising technology for the treatment of dye-enriched textile effluent. Further research is needed in this regard before making it commercially applicable.
Neeha Nawaz; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Munazzam Jawad Shahid; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Bacterial Augmented Floating Treatment Wetlands for Efficient Treatment of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3731 .
AMA StyleNeeha Nawaz, Shafaqat Ali, Ghulam Shabir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Munazzam Jawad Shahid, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arslan, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Bacterial Augmented Floating Treatment Wetlands for Efficient Treatment of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3731.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeeha Nawaz; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Munazzam Jawad Shahid; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Bacterial Augmented Floating Treatment Wetlands for Efficient Treatment of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3731.
Arsenic (As) presence in surface reservoirs and groundwater is considered as an extremely alarming issue around the globe. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the sorption potential of almond shell (ALS) and almond shell biochar (ASB) based sorbents for the removal of As(III)/As(V) from As-contaminated aqueous solutions. The maximum As(III) sorption capacity of ALS and ASB were 4.6 and 4.86 mg g−1, respectively at an initial As concentration of 5 mg L−1, pH ∼ 7.2 and sorbent dose of 0.6 g L−1. Similarly, in case of As(V) the maximum sorption capacities were reported as 3.45 and 3.6 mg g−1 by ALS and ASB respectively. Almond shell biochar removed 10–25% higher As(III)/As(V) compared to the ALS. The isotherm modeling results revealed that both for As(III) and As(V), Langmuir model presented the suitable fit to the equilibrium data compared to other model showing the monolayer sorption to be a dominant sorption mechanism. The FTIR and XPS spectroscopy revealed that mostly –OH functional groups along with some other aromatic and/or aliphatic carbon- and oxygen-rich groups (CC–C, –C–H, CO) were responsible for As sorption by both sorbents. It is concluded that ASB can remove As, notably As(III) from water more efficiently compared to natural ALS. Overall, the results of this research reveal that biochar conversion of ALS can enhance the sorption capacity for As in contaminated waters such as drinking water and wastewater.
Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Asim Jilani; Rameez Anjum. High sorption efficiency for As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions using novel almond shell biochar. Chemosphere 2019, 243, 125330 .
AMA StyleShafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Asim Jilani, Rameez Anjum. High sorption efficiency for As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions using novel almond shell biochar. Chemosphere. 2019; 243 ():125330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Asim Jilani; Rameez Anjum. 2019. "High sorption efficiency for As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions using novel almond shell biochar." Chemosphere 243, no. : 125330.
Biochar is the low-cost and environmental-friendly material which has shown a great potential for separation of heavy metals from water. The previous studies have established a superior role of biochar over other materials, such as activated carbon and inorganic sorbents (iron based) in efficient removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous systems. Among the various factors influencing heavy metals sorption ability of biochar, types of feedstock/biomass and pyrolysis temperature play a significant role. The goal of this review is to increase our understanding of heavy metals sorption behavior by biochars - this is important as heavy metals sorption is driven based on biochar type, heavy metals species which involve numerous mechanisms, including the physical binding, complexation, ion exchange, surface precipitation and electrostatic interactions. In addition, this review paper describes various approaches to improve heavy metal sorption capacity of biochars by steam and acids/bases activations and impregnation of biochar-based composites with minerals, organic compounds and carbon-rich materials. The physical/chemical activation of biochars can improve the surface area, thus leading to their improved functionality, while modification/pretreatment methods help in synthesizing composites using biochar as a supporting media to develop new sorbents with efficient surface attributes for heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions.
Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Farhat Abbas; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Riaz; Usman Khalil; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Jörg Rinklebe. A review of biochar-based sorbents for separation of heavy metals from water. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2019, 22, 111 -126.
AMA StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Farhat Abbas, Irshad Bibi, Muhammad Riaz, Usman Khalil, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Jörg Rinklebe. A review of biochar-based sorbents for separation of heavy metals from water. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2019; 22 (2):111-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Farhat Abbas; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Riaz; Usman Khalil; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Jörg Rinklebe. 2019. "A review of biochar-based sorbents for separation of heavy metals from water." International Journal of Phytoremediation 22, no. 2: 111-126.
Contamination of surface water and groundwater streams with carcinogenic chemicals such as arsenic (As) has been a major environmental issue worldwide, and requires significant attention to develop new and low-cost sorbents to treat As-polluted water. In the current study, arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) removal efficiency of peanut shell biochar (PSB) was compared with peanut shell (PS) in aqueous solutions. Sorption experiments showed that PSB possessed relatively higher As removal efficiency than PS, with 95% As(III) (at pH 7.2) and 99% As(V) (at pH 6.2) with 0.6 g L−1 sorbent dose, 5 mg L−1 initial As concentration, and 2 h equilibrium time. Experimental data followed a pseudo-second-order model for sorption kinetics showing the dominance of chemical interactions (surface complexation) between As and surface functional groups. The Langmuir model for sorption isotherm indicated that As was sorbed via a monolayer sorption process. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses revealed that the hydroxyl (–OH) and aromatic surface functional (C=O, C=C–C, and –C–H) groups contributed significantly in the sorption of both As species from aqueous solutions through surface complexation and/or electrostatic reactions. We demonstrate that the pyrolysis of abandoned PS yields a novel, low-cost, and efficient biochar which provides dual benefits of As-rich water treatment and a value-added sustainable strategy for solid waste disposal.
Muhammad Sohail Sattar; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Asim Jilani. Comparative efficiency of peanut shell and peanut shell biochar for removal of arsenic from water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 18624 -18635.
AMA StyleMuhammad Sohail Sattar, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Asim Jilani. Comparative efficiency of peanut shell and peanut shell biochar for removal of arsenic from water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (18):18624-18635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Sohail Sattar; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Asim Jilani. 2019. "Comparative efficiency of peanut shell and peanut shell biochar for removal of arsenic from water." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 18: 18624-18635.
Globally, contamination of groundwater with toxic arsenic (As) is an environmental and public health issue given to its carcinogenic properties, thereby threatening millions of people relying on drinking As-contaminated well water. Here, we explored the efficiency of various biosorbents (egg shell, java plum seed, water chestnut shell, corn cob, tea waste and pomegranate peel) for arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) removal from As-contaminated water. Significantly, egg shell and java plum seed displayed the greatest As(III) elimination (78–87%) at 7 pH followed by water chestnut shell (75%), corn cob (67%), tea waste (74%) and pomegranate peel (65%). In contrast, 71% and 67% of As(V) was removed at pH 4.1 and 5.3 by egg shell and java plum seed, respectively. The maximum As(V) and As(III) sorption by all the biosorbents was obtained, notably for egg shell and java plum seed, after 2 h contact time. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order models best fitted the sorption data for both forms of As. The –OH, –COOH, –NH2 and sulfur-bearing surface functional groups were possibly involved for As(III) and As(V) removal by biosorbents. The scanning electron microscopy combined with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis showed that the heterogeneous surface of biosorbents, possessing rough and irregular areas, could have led to As sorption. Both As(V) and As(III) were successfully desorbed (up to 97%) from the biosorbents in four sorption/desorption (regeneration) cycles. This pilot-scale study highlights that egg shell and java plum seed have the greatest ability to remove both As species from As-contaminated drinking water. Importantly, these findings provide insights to develop an inexpensive, effective and sustainable filtration technology for the treatment of As in drinking water, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan.
Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Shahid; Zulfiqar Saqib; Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz; Sabry M. Shaheen; Hailong Wang; Dan Tsang; Jochen Bundschuh; Yong Sik Ok; Jörg Rinklebe. Exploring the arsenic removal potential of various biosorbents from water. Environment International 2019, 123, 567 -579.
AMA StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Irshad Bibi, Muhammad Shahid, Zulfiqar Saqib, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Sabry M. Shaheen, Hailong Wang, Dan Tsang, Jochen Bundschuh, Yong Sik Ok, Jörg Rinklebe. Exploring the arsenic removal potential of various biosorbents from water. Environment International. 2019; 123 ():567-579.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Shahid; Zulfiqar Saqib; Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz; Sabry M. Shaheen; Hailong Wang; Dan Tsang; Jochen Bundschuh; Yong Sik Ok; Jörg Rinklebe. 2019. "Exploring the arsenic removal potential of various biosorbents from water." Environment International 123, no. : 567-579.
Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Muhammad Riaz; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Muhammad Arif. Recent Advances in Arsenic Accumulation in Rice. Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance 2019, 385 -398.
AMA StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor, Muhammad Riaz, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Muhammad Arif. Recent Advances in Arsenic Accumulation in Rice. Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance. 2019; ():385-398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor; Muhammad Riaz; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Muhammad Arif. 2019. "Recent Advances in Arsenic Accumulation in Rice." Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance , no. : 385-398.
Soil salinization is a widespread problem and a major abiotic constraint affecting the global food production and threatening food security. Plant growth, development and yield are severally reduced under saline conditions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food in many countries which feeds millions of people across the world. However, rice plant, being glycophyte in nature, is sensitive to salinity which results in several adverse morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes leading to reduction in biomass production and grain yield. Effects of salinity on rice occur at two stages that is, at the initial phase of plant development the osmotic effects rapidly reduce plant growth and the second slow phase of plant response to salinity when symptoms of salinity-induced toxicity appear. At morphological levels, shoot and root growth, above- and below-ground biomass production, number of tillers and spikelets and grain yield of rice are adversely affected. Disruption in photosynthetic activity and pigment production, membrane permeability and integrity, Na+/K+ balance across the membrane and production of reactive oxygen species causing oxidative damage are the major responses of rice at physiological level. In addition to agronomic practices to reduce soil salinity, salt tolerance cultivar of rice have been developed containing traits such as ion exclusion and tolerance of both the osmotic and tissue effects of salinity. The modern biotechnological marker-based genetic engineering approaches have helped the researchers to use a combination of genes to develop salt-tolerant and high yielding rice varieties. The other approaches to reduce salinity stress in plants include the use of salt-tolerant microbial inoculants/biofertilizers, silicon and manganese fertilization and phytohormones.
Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Rashid Mahmood; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Sher Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Ali; Iram Saleem; Shah Fahad. A Comprehensive Review on Rice Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress. Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance 2018, 133 -158.
AMA StyleMuhammad Riaz, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Rashid Mahmood, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Sher Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Ali, Iram Saleem, Shah Fahad. A Comprehensive Review on Rice Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress. Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance. 2018; ():133-158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Riaz; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Rashid Mahmood; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Sher Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Ali; Iram Saleem; Shah Fahad. 2018. "A Comprehensive Review on Rice Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress." Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance , no. : 133-158.
Chromium (Cr) is considered as one of the 14 most toxic heavy metal(loid)s worldwide. In this experiment, the potential of tea waste was investigated in batch sorption experiments for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under various experimental conditions. The results depicted that the maximum Cr(VI) sorption was achieved at pH 5.2 which was 99.2%. The biosorbent dose of 0.6 g L−1 and 2-h contact time were sufficient to achieve successful removal of Cr(VI) from water. Sorption isotherm data revealed that Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with the experimental data which suggested that Cr(VI) sorption was dominated by chemisorption process. Kinetic modeling was also applied on kinetic experimental data and results described that pseudo-second-order model has given the best fit to the kinetic data over the pseudo-first-order model. The sorption process was significantly impacted by the presence of co-occurring anions including sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate; however, during the presence of sulfate, sorption of Cr(VI) was highly reduced (about 64.70%) compared to other anions. It could be concluded that tea waste is a low-cost and potential biowaste to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater.
Usman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan. Tea waste as a potential biowaste for removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2018, 11, 1 -9.
AMA StyleUsman Khalil, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan. Tea waste as a potential biowaste for removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2018; 11 (19):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan. 2018. "Tea waste as a potential biowaste for removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater: equilibrium and kinetic studies." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11, no. 19: 1-9.
Contamination of groundwater with toxic arsenic (As) has become an emerging health and environmental problem around the world, which has seen significant attention amongst the scientists for development of new sorbents to remediate As-contaminated water. Here, we explored the arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) sorption to natural water melon rind (WMR), xanthated WMR and citric acid-modified WMR in aqueous solutions, and determined potential of the most potent sorbent for As removal in groundwater. Xanthated WMR (X-WMR) showed relatively higher As(V) and As(III) removal than the citric acid modified WMR (CA-WMR) and natural WMR. The maximum As(III) (99%) and As(V) (98%) removal was obtained at pH 8.2 and 4.6, respectively, by X-WMR at 4 mg L−1 initial As(V) and As(III) concentrations and sorbent dose of 1 g L−1. Langmuir isotherm model best fitted (R2 of up to 0.96) the data both for As(III) and As(V) sorption to X-WMR. Sorption kinetics of As(V) and As(III) was well described (R2 of up to 0.99) by the pseudo second-order model on surface of the X-WMR. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that As(V) and As(III) sorption was endothermic and spontaneous. The FTIR spectroscopy depicted the presence of different surface function groups (OH, COOH, S-bearing (C=S, S=O and S–S)) which were involved in As(V) and As(III) sequestration on the sorbents examined here. Significantly, X-WMR showed (up to 49%) greater As(III) and As(V) sorption than that of natural WMR. Our results demonstrated that X-WMR efficiently removed 94%–100% (n = 16) of As from As-contaminated drinking well water which possessed detectable concentrations of some anions (e.g., SO4, CO3, HCO3). This study highlights that the X-WMR has potential to remove As, notably As(III), from solutions and drinking water, and might be utilized as a reactive medium for the treatment of As-contaminated water.
Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Shahid; Fakhra Sharif; Safdar Bashir; Sabry M. Shaheen; Hailong Wang; Dan Tsang; Yong Sik Ok; Jörg Rinklebe. Arsenic removal by natural and chemically modified water melon rind in aqueous solutions and groundwater. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 645, 1444 -1455.
AMA StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Irshad Bibi, Muhammad Shahid, Fakhra Sharif, Safdar Bashir, Sabry M. Shaheen, Hailong Wang, Dan Tsang, Yong Sik Ok, Jörg Rinklebe. Arsenic removal by natural and chemically modified water melon rind in aqueous solutions and groundwater. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 645 ():1444-1455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Shahid; Fakhra Sharif; Safdar Bashir; Sabry M. Shaheen; Hailong Wang; Dan Tsang; Yong Sik Ok; Jörg Rinklebe. 2018. "Arsenic removal by natural and chemically modified water melon rind in aqueous solutions and groundwater." Science of The Total Environment 645, no. : 1444-1455.
In this work, the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique is utilized to analyze the surface chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) which was collected from various locations at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The main elements found on the surface of PM are carbon (C), oxygen (O) and silicon (Si) with combined percentage of 89.4–94.9 while traces of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mg), and sulfur (S) were also present. The analyzed XPS chemical state of C, O and Si was further used to determine their bonding with other elements occurring over the surface of PM. Carbon was found in the form of carbides (18.86%), fluorides (2.39%) and carbonates (78.75%); oxygen was observed as oxides (21.05%) and hydroxides (73.42%) of other metals; and silicon was detected as silicones (12.16%), nitrides (82.53%) and silicates (5.25%). The particle size of a PM is also of great concern for health issues, and thus has been investigated by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was employed for cross verification of detected elements by XPS.
Asim Jilani; Syed Zajif Hussain; Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman; Usama Zulfiqar; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Imran Ullah Khan; Javed Iqbal; Attieh A. Al-Ghamdi; Ahmed Alshahrie. A comprehensive study on the surface chemistry of particulate matter collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 2018, 75, 271 -283.
AMA StyleAsim Jilani, Syed Zajif Hussain, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Usama Zulfiqar, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Imran Ullah Khan, Javed Iqbal, Attieh A. Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed Alshahrie. A comprehensive study on the surface chemistry of particulate matter collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. 2018; 75 (3):271-283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsim Jilani; Syed Zajif Hussain; Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman; Usama Zulfiqar; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Imran Ullah Khan; Javed Iqbal; Attieh A. Al-Ghamdi; Ahmed Alshahrie. 2018. "A comprehensive study on the surface chemistry of particulate matter collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 75, no. 3: 271-283.
In this study, we tested 123 groundwater wells from five different areas of Punjab, Pakistan for arsenic (As) contamination level and species, as well as delineated hydrogeochemical behaviour of As in aquifers. Results revealed that 75% and 41% of the groundwater wells exceeded the safe As limit of World Health Organisation (WHO, 10 μg L) and Pakistan-EPA (50 μg L), respectively. Arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) spanned 0-80% and 20-100% of total As (1.2-206 μg L), respectively. The mean As content (5.2 μg L) of shallow wells at 9-40 m depth did not exceed the WHO safe limit, representing a safe aquifer zone for pumping of groundwater compared to deeper wells at 41-90 m (51 μg L) and >90 m (23 μg L) depths. Piper-plot elucidated that the aqueous chemistry was dominated with Na-SO, Na-Ca-SO, Na-Mg-SO type saline water. Principal component analysis grouped As concentration with well depth, pH, salinity, Fe and CO, exhibiting that these hydrogeochemical factors could have potential role in controlling As release/sequestration into the aquifers of study area. Geochemical modeling showed positive saturation indices only for iron (Fe) oxide-phases, indicating Fe oxides as the major carriers of As. Overall, this study provides insights to tackle emerging As threat to the communities in Punjab, Pakistan, as well as help develop suitable management/mitigation strategies - based on the baseline knowledge of As levels/species and factors governing As contamination in the study area.
Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Irshad Bibi; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz; Abida Farooqi; Ravi Naidu; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Ghulam Murtaza; Andreas Lüttge. The evaluation of arsenic contamination potential, speciation and hydrogeochemical behaviour in aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan. Chemosphere 2018, 199, 737 -746.
AMA StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor, Irshad Bibi, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Abida Farooqi, Ravi Naidu, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Ghulam Murtaza, Andreas Lüttge. The evaluation of arsenic contamination potential, speciation and hydrogeochemical behaviour in aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan. Chemosphere. 2018; 199 ():737-746.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor; Irshad Bibi; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz; Abida Farooqi; Ravi Naidu; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Ghulam Murtaza; Andreas Lüttge. 2018. "The evaluation of arsenic contamination potential, speciation and hydrogeochemical behaviour in aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan." Chemosphere 199, no. : 737-746.
Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring metalloid and Class-A human carcinogen. Exposure to As via direct intake of As-contaminated water or ingestion of As-contaminated edible crops is considered a life threatening problem around the globe. Arsenic-laced drinking water has affected the lives of over 200 million people in 105 countries worldwide. Limited data are available on various health risk assessment models/frameworks used to predict carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects caused by As-contaminated water. Therefore, this discussion highlights the need for future research focusing on human health risk assessment of individual As species (both organic and inorganic) present in As-contaminated water. Various conventional and latest technologies for remediation of As-contaminated water are also reviewed along with a discussion of the fate of As-loaded waste and sludge.
Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Rab Nawaz; Fida Hussain; Maimoona Raza; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Sang-Eun Oh; Sajjad Ahmad. Human health implications, risk assessment and remediation of As-contaminated water: A critical review. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 601-602, 756 -769.
AMA StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor, Rab Nawaz, Fida Hussain, Maimoona Raza, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Sang-Eun Oh, Sajjad Ahmad. Human health implications, risk assessment and remediation of As-contaminated water: A critical review. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 601-602 ():756-769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bilal Shakoor; Rab Nawaz; Fida Hussain; Maimoona Raza; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Sang-Eun Oh; Sajjad Ahmad. 2017. "Human health implications, risk assessment and remediation of As-contaminated water: A critical review." Science of The Total Environment 601-602, no. : 756-769.
Cadmium (Cd) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. The role of micronutrient-amino chelates on reducing Cd toxicity in crop plants is recently introduced. The current study was conducted to highlight the role of foliar application of zinc-lysine (Zn-lys) complex on biochemical and growth parameters and Cd uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in aged Cd-contaminated soil. Foliar concentration of Zn-lys (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L) was applied at different time intervals (2nd, 3rd, 5th and 7th week of sowing) and plants were harvested at maturity. Folliar application of Zinc-lys significantly increased the photosynthesis, grain yield, enzyme activities and Zn contents in different plant tissues. Zinc-lys reduced Cd contents in grains, shoot and root as well as reduced the oxidative stress in wheat linearly in a dose-additive manner. Taken together, Zn-lys chelate efficiently improved wheat growth and fortified Zn contents while reduced Cd concentration in plant in a Zn-deficient Cd-contaminated soil. Although, health risk index (HRI) from the soil sampling area seems to be lower than <1 for Cd but may exceed due to long-term consumption of grains produced from such contaminated soil. Foliar applied Zn-lys reduced HRI which may help to reduce health risks associated with Cd.
Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Qasim Ali; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Mujahid Farid; Maliha Asma. Effect of zinc-lysine on growth, yield and cadmium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and health risk assessment. Chemosphere 2017, 187, 35 -42.
AMA StyleMuhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Qasim Ali, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Mujahid Farid, Maliha Asma. Effect of zinc-lysine on growth, yield and cadmium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and health risk assessment. Chemosphere. 2017; 187 ():35-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Qasim Ali; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Mujahid Farid; Maliha Asma. 2017. "Effect of zinc-lysine on growth, yield and cadmium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and health risk assessment." Chemosphere 187, no. : 35-42.
We examined the current groundwater (used for drinking) quality in Pakistan after implementation of Millennium Development Goals, including contaminants, their sources, and relevant health impacts. The drinking water quality parameters of most of the reported results exceeded the guidelines suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). Natural sources of groundwater contamination have been activated due to anthropogenic activities like mining, and open dumping of industrial and domestic wastes which lead to poor groundwater quality. Globally, 780 million people, and 100 million people in Pakistan are exposed to unsafe water sources. Therefore, this review demonstrates the potential needs to achieve the safe drinking water goal of the Agenda 2030. The development of a proper monitoring network, installation of treatment plants, and implementation of legislations are recommended in this review.
Maimoona Raza; Fida Hussain; Jin-Yong Lee; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Kideok D. Kwon. Groundwater status in Pakistan: A review of contamination, health risks, and potential needs. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2017, 47, 1713 -1762.
AMA StyleMaimoona Raza, Fida Hussain, Jin-Yong Lee, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Kideok D. Kwon. Groundwater status in Pakistan: A review of contamination, health risks, and potential needs. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2017; 47 (18):1713-1762.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaimoona Raza; Fida Hussain; Jin-Yong Lee; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Kideok D. Kwon. 2017. "Groundwater status in Pakistan: A review of contamination, health risks, and potential needs." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 47, no. 18: 1713-1762.
Due to alarming increase in population and rapid industrialization, drinking water quality is being deteriorated day by day in Pakistan. This review sums up the outcomes of various research studies conducted for drinking water quality status of different areas of Pakistan by taking into account the physicochemical properties of drinking water as well as the presence of various pathogenic microorganisms. About 20% of the whole population of Pakistan has access to safe drinking water. The remaining 80% of population is forced to use unsafe drinking water due to the scarcity of safe and healthy drinking water sources. The primary source of contamination is sewerage (fecal) which is extensively discharged into drinking water system supplies. Secondary source of pollution is the disposal of toxic chemicals from industrial effluents, pesticides, and fertilizers from agriculture sources into the water bodies. Anthropogenic activities cause waterborne diseases that constitute about 80% of all diseases and are responsible for 33% of deaths. This review highlights the drinking water quality, contamination sources, sanitation situation, and effects of unsafe drinking water on humans. There is immediate need to take protective measures and treatment technologies to overcome unhygienic condition of drinking water supplies in different areas of Pakistan.
M. K. Daud; Muhammad Nafees; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Raees Ahmad Bajwa; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Muhammad Umair Arshad; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Farah Deeba; Waheed Murad; Ijaz Malook; Shui Jin Zhu. Drinking Water Quality Status and Contamination in Pakistan. BioMed Research International 2017, 2017, 1 -18.
AMA StyleM. K. Daud, Muhammad Nafees, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Raees Ahmad Bajwa, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, Farah Deeba, Waheed Murad, Ijaz Malook, Shui Jin Zhu. Drinking Water Quality Status and Contamination in Pakistan. BioMed Research International. 2017; 2017 ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. K. Daud; Muhammad Nafees; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Raees Ahmad Bajwa; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Muhammad Umair Arshad; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Farah Deeba; Waheed Murad; Ijaz Malook; Shui Jin Zhu. 2017. "Drinking Water Quality Status and Contamination in Pakistan." BioMed Research International 2017, no. : 1-18.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland soils is a widespread problem around the globe, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) tends to accumulate more Cd and is considered as one of the major sources of Cd intake in humans, especially consuming rice-derived products. The current study investigated the effects of foliar applied aspartic acid (Asp) on growth parameters, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange characteristics, Cd uptake, and antioxidative capacity in the shoots and roots of rice seedlings exposed to Cd stress. For this, 30-day-old rice nursery was transferred in the soil with aged Cd contamination (2.86 mg kg−1). After 2 weeks of growth, different concentrations (0, 10, 15, and 20 mg L−1) of Asp were foliar applied four times with a 7-day interval, and the crop was harvested after 10 weeks of transplanting. Foliar applied Asp increased the plant height, shoot and root dry weight, chlorophyll concentration, and gas exchange parameters, while it reduced the Cd concentrations in both shoots and roots as well as shoot to root Cd translocation factor compared to the control. Foliar application of Asp reduced the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in rice parts compared to the control in a dose-additive manner. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes increased while peroxidase activity decreased by exogenous Asp. The increase in plant weight and photosynthesis might be due to lower Cd concentrations in plants which may reduce the oxidative stress and also help the plants to minimize direct damage caused by Cd to the photosynthetic organs.
Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zaheer Akbar; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Abid Mahmood; Wajid Ishaque; Afzal Hussain. Foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under Cd stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 21938 -21947.
AMA StyleMuhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Zaheer Akbar, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Abid Mahmood, Wajid Ishaque, Afzal Hussain. Foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under Cd stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (27):21938-21947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zaheer Akbar; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Abid Mahmood; Wajid Ishaque; Afzal Hussain. 2017. "Foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under Cd stress." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 27: 21938-21947.