This paper proposes a new artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA)-based framework to investigate the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem which is a critical problem in the capacity of power systems. This paper aims to improve the performance of power systems by minimizing two distinct objective functions namely active power loss in the transmission network and total voltage deviation at the load buses subjected to various constraints within multiobjective framework. The proposed AHA-based framework maps the inherent flight and foraging capabilities exhibited by hummingbirds in nature to determine the best settings for the control variables (i.e., voltages at generation buses, the tap positions of on-load tap-changing transformers (OLTCs) and the size of switchable shunt VAR compensators) to minimize the overall objective functions. A multiobjective optimal reactive power dispatch framework (MO-ORPD) considering renewable energy sources (RES) and load uncertainties is also proposed to minimize the individual objectives simultaneously. The competency and robustness of the proposed AHA-based framework is validated and tested on IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 39 bus test systems to solve the ORPD problem. Eventually, the results are compared with other well-known optimization techniques in the literature. Box plots and statistical tests using SPSS are performed and validated to justify the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

The electric power quality has become a serious concern for electric utilities and end users owing to its undesirable effects on system capabilities and performance. Harmonic levels on power systems have been pronounced to a greater extent with the continuous growth in the application of solid-state and reactive power compensatory devices. Harmonics are the key constituents that are mainly responsible for power quality deterioration. Power system harmonics need to be correctly estimated and filtered to increase power quality. This research work focuses on accurate estimation of power system harmonics with the proposed hybrid weighted least-square multi-verse optimizer (WLS–MVO) based framework. Multi-verse optimizer replicates the phenomenon of the formation of new universes as described by multi-verse theory to solve complex real-world optimization problems. The proposed WLS–MVO framework is tested and validated by estimating the harmonics present in multiple test signals with different noise levels. Amplitudes and phases of harmonics present in the polluted signal were estimated, and the framework computational time was compared with the previously developed technique’s results which are reported in the literature. There was 80% reduction in computational time and 82% improvement in terms of accuracy in estimating harmonics using WLS–MVO as compared to previously developed techniques. The performance of the developed framework is further validated by estimating the harmonics present in the real-time voltage and current waveforms obtained from axial flux permanent magnet generator (AFPMSG), uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and light-emitting diode (LED). The purposed technique technique outperforms the already-developed techniques, in terms of accuracy and computational time.

A modified Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based radix 42 algorithm for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. When compared with similar schemes like Canonic signed digit (CSD) Constant Multiplier, the modified CSD multiplier can provide a improvement of more than 36% in terms of multiplicative complexity. In Comparison of area being occupied the amount of full adders is reduced by 32% and amount of half adders is reduced by 42%. The modified CSD multiplier scheme is implemented on Xilinx ISE 10.1 using Spartan-III XC3S1000 FPGA as a target device. The synthesis results of modified CSD Multiplier on Xilinx show efficient Twiddle Factor ROM Design and effective area reduction in comparison to CSD constant multiplier.

Low-power consumption has been always a crucial design constraint for an efficient intellectual property based three-dimensional multi-core system that cannot be ignored easily. As the complexity increases due to the number of cores/stacks/ layers in 3D digital systems, the challenges to handle power can be more difficult at a high abstraction level. Therefore, the low-power approach gives designers an opportunity to estimate and optimize the power consumption in the early stages of design phases. The accurate power estimation through the macro-modeling approach at high-level reduces the risk of redesign cycle and turn-around time. In this research, we have presented an improved statistical macro-modeling approach that estimates power through statistical characteristics of randomly generated input patterns by using Biogeography Based Optimization. These input patterns propagate signals into an IP-based 3D digital test system. In experiments, the test system is based on four 8 to 32- bits heterogeneous cores. The response of the power is monitored by applying the well-known Monte Carlo Simulation technique. The entire power estimation method is performed in two major steps. First, the average power is estimated for an IP-based individual core. Second, the average power for bus-based Through-Silicon-Via is estimated. Finally, the cores and B-TSVs are integrated together to construct a 3D system. Then the average power for complete test systems is estimated. The experimental results of the statistical power macro-model are compared with the commercial Electronic Design Automation power simulator at the operating frequency of 100 MHz. The average percentage error of the test system is calculated as 8.65%. For the validation of these results, the statistical error analysis is additionally performed and reveals that our proposed macro-model is accurate in terms of percentage of error with a feasible amount of time.