During recent years, the synergy of virtual reality (VR) and photogrammetry has become an increasingly prevalent way to visualize, represent, preserve and disseminate cultural heritage objects. Photogrammetry offers a reliable method for a faithful and accurate image-based modeling of real-world objects, while VR applications provide not only visualization, but also an immersive and interactive experience of the photogrammetrically reconstructed cultural heritage. This research aims to create and apply the method for providing VR experience in the context of cultural heritage by developing a workflow for the VR applications based on photogrammetric models. The proposed workflow was applied on the iconostasis of the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral church of Saint Nicholas in Sremski Karlovci (Serbia). The presented method is based on the following main steps: generation ofan accurate 3D reconstruction of the iconostasisusing photogrammetry, the 3D model optimization, retopology, control and analysis and the process of creating the VR experience using a game-engine. The final result is an interactive walk through the church, which provides the user with an opportunity to visualize the iconostasis and its individual icons through different perspectives and multiple levels of detail, which is not otherwise possible when observing the church interior.

In recent years, digitization of cultural heritage objects, for the purpose of creating virtual museums, is becoming increasingly popular. Moreover, cultural institutions use modern digitization methods to create three-dimensional (3D) models of objects of historical significance to form digital libraries and archives. This research aims to suggest a method for protecting these 3D models from abuse while making them available on the Internet. The proposed method was applied to a sculpture, an object of cultural heritage. It is based on the digitization of the sculpture altered by adding local clay details proposed by the sculptor and on sharing on the Internet a 3D model obtained by digitizing the sculpture with a built-in error. The clay details embedded in the sculpture are asymmetrical and discreet to be unnoticeable to an average observer. The original sculpture was also digitized and its 3D model created. The obtained 3D models were compared and the geometry deviation was measured to determine that the embedded error was invisible to an average observer and that the watermark can be extracted. The proposed method simultaneously protects the digitized image of the artwork while preserving its visual experience. Other methods cannot guarantee this.

This paper presents a case of filming a bridge in Novi Sad during its construction for the purpose of inspection of construction works carried out by the Spanish - Italian consortium AZVI. Twice a month the photographs and high-resolution films shot by a drone were sent to AZVI. In this way, the contractors had up-to-date information on the progress of the works without the need for a permanent presence of the company's engineers. Drone shooting has enabled high-resolution images and movies which allow quality remote inspection, accompanied, naturally, with occasional arrivals at the site.

Three-dimensional digitization technologies have been proved as reliable methods for detailed and accurate spatial data collection from existing cultural heritage. In addition, the point segmentation techniques are particularly relevant for contour detection and classification of the unstructured point cloud. This paper describes an approach to obtain 2D CAD-like visualizations of complex geometry from photogrammetric models so that the detected contours of particular object elements can be used for 2D shape analysis. The work process uses the point clouds derived from photogrammetric models to create the plane visualization of the object’s geometry by segmenting points based on the verticality geometric feature. The research presented is on the case studies of iconostases as the specific art and architectural elements of the Christian Orthodox church that can be appreciated only in situ. To determine relations between the characteristics of the particular shapes and the iconostases’ style origins, the mathematical method of shape analysis was applied. This study aims to numerically describe the stylistic characteristics of the shapes of the main parts of the iconostasis concerning the artistic period to which it belongs to. The concept was based on the consideration of global shape descriptors and associated shape measurements which were used to analyze and classify the stylistic characteristics of the iconostases. The methodology was applied to the representative examples of three iconostases from the Baroque and Classicism art movements. The results illustrated that the proposed methods and techniques, with certain improvements, could be helpful for CAD visualization and shape analysis of complex geometry.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the public to the virtual depot of the Gallery of Matica Srpska (GMS), which showcases a collection of sculptures that have been digitized using a Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry and presented by the use of virtual reality and paintings, and drawings were presented through a digital flipbook application. Through the application of cutting-edge methods, highly precise digital replicas of these significant cultural artifacts have been created with details that are difficult to see without a magnifying glass when observing the physical artifact. Additionally, it explores the profound significance and advantages of the virtual depot, such as facilitating remote access, augmenting preservation endeavors, and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, academic research, educational purposes, and public engagement. The implementation of the virtual depot offers a novel approach to showcasing and studying cultural heritage, opening up new possibilities for the exploration and appreciation of these artifacts in a digital environment. Today, the collection of the GMS encompasses more than 10,000 art objects, which means that one visitor would need about 53 years to access each individual artifact. Virtual depot enables each visitor to do this much faster, but more importantly, in any occasion and setting that they find suitable.

In recent years, digital technologies have become indispensable tools for the preservation and documentation of architectural and cultural heritage. Traditional 3D modeling methods, such as photogrammetry and laser scanning, require specialized equipment and extensive manual processing. Neural Radiance Field, an AI-based technique, enables photorealistic 3D reconstructions from a limited set of 2D images. NeRF excels in cultural heritage documentation by effectively rendering reflective and translucent surfaces, which often pose challenges to conventional methods. These approaches significantly accelerate workflows, reduce costs, and minimize manual intervention, making them ideal for inaccessible or fragile sites. The application of NeRF combined with drone-acquired high-resolution images, as demonstrated in the Katolička Porta project in Novi Sad, produces highly detailed and accurate digital replicas. This integration also supports virtual restoration and texture enhancement, enabling non-invasive exploration of conservation scenarios. Katolička Porta, a historically significant site that has evolved over centuries, benefits from these advanced digital preservation techniques, which help maintain its unique architectural and cultural identity. This integration of technologies represents the future of cultural heritage conservation, offering innovative possibilities for visualization, research, and protection.