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There are many different types of energy storage systems (ESS) available and the functionality that they can provide is extensive. However, each of these solutions come with their own set of drawbacks. The acid-base flow battery (ABFB) technology aims to provide a route to a cheap, clean and safe ESS by means of providing a new kind of energy storage technology based on reversible dissociation of water via bipolar electrodialysis. First, the main characteristics of the ABFB technology are described briefly to highlight its main advantages and drawbacks and define the most-competitive use-case scenarios in which the technology could be applied, as well as analyze the particular characteristics which must be considered in the process of designing the power converter to be used for the interface with the electrical network. As a result, based on the use-cases defined, the ESS main specifications are going to be identified, pointing out the best power converter configuration alternatives. Finally, an application example is presented, showing an installation in the electrical network of Pantelleria (Italy) where a real pilot-scale prototype has been installed.
Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba; Rossano Musca; Javier Ballestín-Fuertes; José Sanz-Osorio; David Rivas-Ascaso; Michael Jones; Angelo Catania; Emil Goosen. Power Grid Integration and Use-Case Study of Acid-Base Flow Battery Technology. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6089 .
AMA StyleJesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba, Rossano Musca, Javier Ballestín-Fuertes, José Sanz-Osorio, David Rivas-Ascaso, Michael Jones, Angelo Catania, Emil Goosen. Power Grid Integration and Use-Case Study of Acid-Base Flow Battery Technology. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba; Rossano Musca; Javier Ballestín-Fuertes; José Sanz-Osorio; David Rivas-Ascaso; Michael Jones; Angelo Catania; Emil Goosen. 2021. "Power Grid Integration and Use-Case Study of Acid-Base Flow Battery Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6089.
At present, the energy transition is leading to the replacement of large thermal power plants by distributed renewable generation and the introduction of different assets. Consequently, a massive deployment of power electronics is expected. A particular case will be the devices destined for urban environments and smart grids. Indeed, such applications have some features that make wide bandgap (WBG) materials particularly relevant. This paper analyzes the most important features expected by future smart applications from which the characteristics that their power semiconductors must perform can be deduced. Following, not only the characteristics and theoretical limits of wide bandgap materials already available on the market (SiC and GaN) have been analyzed, but also those currently being researched as promising future alternatives (Ga
Javier Ballestín-Fuertes; Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba; José Sanz-Osorio; Erika Laporta-Puyal. Role of Wide Bandgap Materials in Power Electronics for Smart Grids Applications. Electronics 2021, 10, 677 .
AMA StyleJavier Ballestín-Fuertes, Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba, José Sanz-Osorio, Erika Laporta-Puyal. Role of Wide Bandgap Materials in Power Electronics for Smart Grids Applications. Electronics. 2021; 10 (6):677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Ballestín-Fuertes; Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba; José Sanz-Osorio; Erika Laporta-Puyal. 2021. "Role of Wide Bandgap Materials in Power Electronics for Smart Grids Applications." Electronics 10, no. 6: 677.
Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) silicon plants dominate the growth in renewable energies generation. Utility-scale photovoltaic plants (USPVPs) have increased exponentially in size and power in the last decade and, therefore, it is crucial to develop optimum maintenance techniques. One of the most promising maintenance techniques is the study of electroluminescence (EL) images as a complement of infrared thermography (IRT) analysis. However, its high cost has prevented its use regularly up to date. This paper proposes a maintenance methodology to perform on-site EL inspections as efficiently as possible. First, current USPVP characteristics and the requirements to apply EL on them are studied. Next, an increase over the automation level by means of adding automatic elements in the current PV plant design is studied. The new elements and their configuration are explained, and a control strategy for applying this technique on large photovoltaic plants is developed. With the aim of getting on-site EL images on a real plant, a PV inverter has been developed to validate the proposed methodology on a small-scale solar plant. Both the electrical parameters measured during the tests and the images taken have been analysed. Finally, the implementation cost of the solution has been calculated and optimised. The results conclude the technical viability to perform on-site EL inspections on PV plants without the need to measure and analyse the panel defects out of the PV installation.
Javier Ballestín-Fuertes; Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba; José F. Sanz-Osorio; Luis Hernández-Callejo; Victor Alonso-Gómez; José Ignacio Morales-Aragones; Sara Gallardo-Saavedra; Oscar Martínez-Sacristan; Ángel Moretón-Fernández. Novel Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plant Electroluminescence Maintenance Technique by Means of Bidirectional Power Inverter Controller. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3084 .
AMA StyleJavier Ballestín-Fuertes, Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba, José F. Sanz-Osorio, Luis Hernández-Callejo, Victor Alonso-Gómez, José Ignacio Morales-Aragones, Sara Gallardo-Saavedra, Oscar Martínez-Sacristan, Ángel Moretón-Fernández. Novel Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plant Electroluminescence Maintenance Technique by Means of Bidirectional Power Inverter Controller. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):3084.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Ballestín-Fuertes; Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba; José F. Sanz-Osorio; Luis Hernández-Callejo; Victor Alonso-Gómez; José Ignacio Morales-Aragones; Sara Gallardo-Saavedra; Oscar Martínez-Sacristan; Ángel Moretón-Fernández. 2020. "Novel Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plant Electroluminescence Maintenance Technique by Means of Bidirectional Power Inverter Controller." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3084.
The Smart Grid is one of the most important solutions to boost electricity sharing from renewable energy sources. Its implementation adds new functionalities to power systems, which increases the electric grid complexity. To ensure grid stability and security, systems need flexible methods in order to be tested in a safe and economical way. A promising test technique is Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL), which combines the flexibility of Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) technique with power exchange. However, the acquisition of PHIL components usually represents a great expense for laboratories and, therefore, the setting up of the experiment involves making hard decisions. This paper provides a complete guideline and useful new tools for laboratories in order to set PHIL facilities up efficiently. First, a PHIL system selection guide is presented, which describes the selection process steps and the main system characteristics needed to perform a PHIL test. Furthermore, a classification proposal containing the desirable information to be obtained from a PHIL test paper for reproducibility purposes is given. Finally, this classification was used to develop a PHIL test online database, which was analysed, and the main gathered information with some use cases and conclusions are shown.
Eduardo García-Martínez; José Francisco Sanz; Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado; Juan Manuel Perié. A Review of PHIL Testing for Smart Grids—Selection Guide, Classification and Online Database Analysis. Electronics 2020, 9, 382 .
AMA StyleEduardo García-Martínez, José Francisco Sanz, Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado, Juan Manuel Perié. A Review of PHIL Testing for Smart Grids—Selection Guide, Classification and Online Database Analysis. Electronics. 2020; 9 (3):382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo García-Martínez; José Francisco Sanz; Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado; Juan Manuel Perié. 2020. "A Review of PHIL Testing for Smart Grids—Selection Guide, Classification and Online Database Analysis." Electronics 9, no. 3: 382.
This paper presents the validation and characterization of a wavelet based decomposition method for the assessment of harmonic distortion in power systems, under stationary and non-stationary conditions. It uses Wavelet Packet Decomposition with Butterworth Infinite Impulse Response filters and a decomposition structure, which allows the measurement of both odd and even harmonics, up to the 63rd order, fully compliant with the requirements of the IEC 61000-4-7 standard. The method is shown to fulfil the IEC accuracy requirements for stationary harmonics, obtaining the same accuracy even under fluctuating conditions. Then, it is validated using simulated signals with real harmonic content. The proposed method is proven to be fully equivalent to Fourier analysis under stationary conditions, being often more accurate. Under non-stationary conditions, instead, it provides significantly higher accuracy, while the IEC strategy produces large errors. Lastly, the method is tested with real current and voltage signals, measured in conditions of high harmonic distortion. The proposed strategy provides a method with superior performance for fluctuating harmonics, but at the same time IEC compliant under stationary conditions.
Stefano Lodetti; Jorge Bruna; Julio J. Melero; José F. Sanz. Wavelet Packet Decomposition for IEC Compliant Assessment of Harmonics under Stationary and Fluctuating Conditions. Energies 2019, 12, 4389 .
AMA StyleStefano Lodetti, Jorge Bruna, Julio J. Melero, José F. Sanz. Wavelet Packet Decomposition for IEC Compliant Assessment of Harmonics under Stationary and Fluctuating Conditions. Energies. 2019; 12 (22):4389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Lodetti; Jorge Bruna; Julio J. Melero; José F. Sanz. 2019. "Wavelet Packet Decomposition for IEC Compliant Assessment of Harmonics under Stationary and Fluctuating Conditions." Energies 12, no. 22: 4389.
For pure electric vehicles can reach the expected development and have become an alternative to conventional or hybrid vehicles, it is still necessary to solve various problems. The most important are to increase the autonomy of the vehicle and make charging process as quick and clean as possible. Inductive power transfer systems (IPT) can be the solution to these problems, on the one hand, the weight and size limitations of the batteries required for adequate autonomy can be solved with sufficient load points on public roads that allow "recharge" more frequently batteries or even the possibility that these are loaded by dedicated lanes moving. This is only feasible if the loading process requires no human intervention the maneuver faster and safe for the driver. Furthermore, the ability to recharge the batteries of a contactless EV is now a reality, as evidenced by the high number of patents and published papers, however, for these systems to be part of our daily lives, we need to meet strict international standards for human exposure to electromagnetic fields and, for this, the vehicle must be properly shielded. This paper shows the experimental development of a 30 kW inductive charger with shielding system and the results obtained.
Juan Luis Villa; Jose Sanz; Jesús Sallán. Inductive Battery Charging System for Electric Vehicles. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2013, 6, 844 -847.
AMA StyleJuan Luis Villa, Jose Sanz, Jesús Sallán. Inductive Battery Charging System for Electric Vehicles. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2013; 6 (4):844-847.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Luis Villa; Jose Sanz; Jesús Sallán. 2013. "Inductive Battery Charging System for Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 6, no. 4: 844-847.
Inductively coupled power transfer systems (ICPT) are an interesting alternative to conductive solutions for vehicle battery charge, particularly in electric public transport applications if operator-free fast charge is required along the route. To perform this task using ICPT systems, current solutions require an almost perfect alignment between coils in order to have optimal power transfer. This condition makes necessary a precise positioning maneuver from the driver or an electromechanic alignment system for the secondary winding, causing the process to be slow. This paper shows that it is possible to transfer rated power even with high misalignment if a suitable compensation topology is selected. The performance of the four basic compensation topologies is analyzed, and a series-parallel-series (SPS) topology is proposed, showing a suitable behavior for both the load and the power source. The theoretical results are validated in two series-series and SPS 2-kW prototypes with a 15-cm air gap between coils.
Juan L. Villa; Jesús Sallan; José Francisco Sanz Osorio; Andrés Llombart. High-Misalignment Tolerant Compensation Topology For ICPT Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2011, 59, 945 -951.
AMA StyleJuan L. Villa, Jesús Sallan, José Francisco Sanz Osorio, Andrés Llombart. High-Misalignment Tolerant Compensation Topology For ICPT Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2011; 59 (2):945-951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan L. Villa; Jesús Sallan; José Francisco Sanz Osorio; Andrés Llombart. 2011. "High-Misalignment Tolerant Compensation Topology For ICPT Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59, no. 2: 945-951.
Juan Luis Villa; Jesús Sallán; Andrés Llombart; José Fco Sanz. Design of a high frequency Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system for electric vehicle battery charge. Applied Energy 2009, 86, 355 -363.
AMA StyleJuan Luis Villa, Jesús Sallán, Andrés Llombart, José Fco Sanz. Design of a high frequency Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system for electric vehicle battery charge. Applied Energy. 2009; 86 (3):355-363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Luis Villa; Jesús Sallán; Andrés Llombart; José Fco Sanz. 2009. "Design of a high frequency Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system for electric vehicle battery charge." Applied Energy 86, no. 3: 355-363.
The paper describes the use of a tandem power electronic configuration in variable speed wind turbines to improve efficiency by allowing an increase in both rotational speed and maximum power sent to the grid. First, the possible increment in power is determined, limiting both current and losses in the machine to their rated values, but allowing an increase in terminal voltage. Next, the increment in captured energy for different wind distributions is assessed. Finally, the required power rating of the converters in the secondary system is estimated, taking into account that in the proposed system they have the extra task of extracting from the generator and sending to the utility the extra generated power.
Jesis Sallsn; Jose Fco. Sanz; Andres Llombart; MaPaz Comech; Juan Luis Villa. Efficiency improvement in wind turbines by increasing speed range using a tandem connection scheme. 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics 2007, 2625 -2630.
AMA StyleJesis Sallsn, Jose Fco. Sanz, Andres Llombart, MaPaz Comech, Juan Luis Villa. Efficiency improvement in wind turbines by increasing speed range using a tandem connection scheme. 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. 2007; ():2625-2630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesis Sallsn; Jose Fco. Sanz; Andres Llombart; MaPaz Comech; Juan Luis Villa. 2007. "Efficiency improvement in wind turbines by increasing speed range using a tandem connection scheme." 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics , no. : 2625-2630.