The maxillary sinus growth is initiated 3 months after birth, and it grows lateral and inferior until the pneumatization of the alveolar bone occurs. The facial skeleton has recently been determined as affecting the maxillary sinus, prompting additional studies on changes in the size of the maxillary sinus. This study aimed to determine the size of the maxillary sinus using a 3D program after categorizing South Korean adults according to their facial index (FI) classification. The participants of this study were 60 patients in their 20s, who visited the orthodontic department of Dankook University Dental Hospital (approval no. DUDH IRB 2015-12-022). The CBCT of the patients were extracted and measured as 3D images using Mimics (version 22.0, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Upon categorizing the subjects based on their FI classification, they were grouped into the mesoprosopic, leptoprosopic, and hyperleptoprosopic types. A one-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the mean differences of the maxillary sinus, depending on the FI classification. In this study, the maxillary sinus tended to be wider in those with mesoprosopic type, and tended to be higher in the hyperleptoprosopic type, suggesting a need for clinicians to focus to the shape of the face during clinical treatments.

The nasal cavity constitutes the foremost portion of the respiratory system, composed of the anterior nasal aperture, nostrils, and choanae. It has an intricate anatomical structure since it has various functions, such as heat exchange, humidification, and filtration. Accordingly, clinical symptoms related to the nose, such as nasal congestion, snoring, and nasal septal deviation, are closely linked to the complex anatomical structure of the nasal cavity. Thus, the nasal cavity stands as a paramount structure in both forensic and clinical contexts. The majority of relevant studies have performed comparisons between sexes, with studies making comparisons according to the FI and NI only and examining relative percentages. Furthermore, the nasal cavity was measured in 2D, and not 3D, in most cases. In this study, we conducted a 3D modeling and anthropometric assessment of the nasal cavity using a 3D analysis software. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether the size of the nasal cavity differs according to sex, facial index (FI), and nasal index (NI). We retrospectively reviewed the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 100 participants (50 males, 50 females) aged 20–29 years who visited the dental hospital of Dankook University (IRB approval no. DKUDH IRB 2020-01-007). Our findings showed that nasal cavity sizes generally differed according to sex, FI, and NI. These findings provide implications for performing patient-tailored surgeries in clinical practice and conducting further research on the nasal cavity. Therefore, we believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature.

(1) Background: Among the four paranasal sinuses, the frontal sinus is in the frontal bone. Recent research trends have been focusing on identifying sex based on the frontal sinus. Thus, this study aimed to provide reference data for the frontal sinus in Korean adults by comparing their sizes using a 3D program. Moreover, this study examined the correlation between the size of the frontal sinus and the length of cranial bone. (2) Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were obtained from 60 (male 30, female 30) patients in their 20 s who visited the Department of Dankook University Hospital (DKUDH IRB 2020-01-007). The provided patient CBCT data were utilized to reconstruct the patients’ frontal sinuses and cranial bones in 3D using the Mimics (version 22.0, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) 3D program. All measurements were analyzed using SPSS (ver. 23.0, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). (3) Results: By comparing the frontal sinus size of Korean adults according to sex using a 3D program, this study revealed that males had larger frontal sinuses than females. (4) Conclusions: The findings of this study could help in preventing complications that occur in various clinical treatments and analyzing the growth of the frontal sinus in the future.

Background/Objectives: Nasal morphology is a significant aspect of facial anatomy and is often used for forensic identification and aesthetic surgery. This study aims to compare nasal dimensions based on sex, facial index (FI), and nasal index (NI) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D modeling. Methods: To observe differences in nasal dimensions by sex and analyze the relationships between facial shapes (FI) and nasal forms (NI), a total of 100 participants (50 males, 50 females) in their 20s were selected from Dankook University Dental Hospital. CBCT scans were performed, and 3D models were created using Mimics software (version 22.0). The measurement items included the alaria distance between (AL), the distance between N (nasion) and SN (subnasale), the distance between N (nasion) and PRN (pronasale), and the distance between SN (subnasale) and PRN (pronasale). A T-test was used for the sex-based analysis of the nasal dimensions, and the facial index- and nasal index-based nasal dimensions were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Scherffe’s post hoc test. Additionally, all the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 23.0). Results: The results indicated that males generally have larger nasal dimensions than females. Additionally, the mesoprosopic facial type (round face) showed the largest nasal dimensions in the FI classification, while the platyrrhine nasal type (broad and short nose) exhibited the largest dimensions in the NI classification. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the nasal size varies significantly with sex, facial shape, and nasal form. The findings can contribute to forensic identification and provide valuable data for clinical practices in facial reconstruction and nasal surgery.

Eun-Young Jeon, Hyun-Na Ahn, and Jeong-Hyun Lee. J Dent Hyg Sci 2024;24:309-15. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2024.24.4.309

Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate the three-dimensional morphological differences of the sphenoid sinus according to sex in the Korean adult population and conduct an exploratory study based on the findings. The sphenoid sinus, located deep within the skull, plays a crucial role in forensic identification due to its relative protection from external damage and its unique anatomical characteristics. Methods: Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from 120 patients (60 males and 60 females) aged 20–29, the sphenoid sinus was visualized and measured in three dimensions using Mimics software (version 22.0). Measurements included the volume of the sphenoid sinus, as well as its dimensions in the X, Y, and Z axes. The measured data were analyzed using SPSS (version 23.0) with a t-test and linear regression analysis. Results: The results showed that the sphenoid sinus volume was significantly larger in males compared to females (p < 0.05), with an average male sinus volume of 16,957.9 mm³ and a female volume of 13,517.7 mm³. Additionally, the X-width, Y-width, and Z-width were all larger in males, with significant differences (p < 0.001) across all dimensions. Further regression analysis revealed that the volume of the sphenoid sinus was primarily influenced by the Z-axis height (measured from the coronal view) and the Y-axis width (measured from the sagittal view), while the X-axis width had a negligible effect on the overall volume. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in the sphenoid sinus may provide important insights for clinical diagnoses and forensic personal identification. This study highlights the need for further research on different age groups and ethnic populations to enhance the understanding of anatomical variations in the sphenoid sinus and their potential applications in both medical and forensic fields.