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Karen Stenner
Behavioural Economics Team, Behavioural & Social Sciences Group, Adaptive Social & Economic Systems Program, CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 27 May 2015 in Energies
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Empirical studies of public opinion on environmental protection have typically been grounded in Inglehart’s post-materialism thesis, proposing that societal affluence encourages materially-sated publics to look beyond their interests and value the environment. These studies are generally conducted within, or at best across, Western, democratic, industrialized countries. Absence of truly cross-cultural research means the theory’s limitations have gone undetected. This article draws on an exceptionally broad dataset—pooling cross-sectional survey data from 80 countries, each sampled at up to three different points over 15 years—to investigate environmental attitudes. We find that post-materialism provides little account of pro-environment attitudes across diverse cultures, and a far from adequate explanation even in the affluent West. We suggest that unique domestic interests, more than broad value systems, are driving emerging global trends in environmental attitudes. The environment’s future champions may be the far from ‘post-material’ citizens of those developing nations most at risk of real material harm from climate change and environmental degradation.

ACS Style

Karen Stenner; Zim Nwokora. Current and Future Friends of the Earth: Assessing Cross-National Theories of Environmental Attitudes. Energies 2015, 8, 4899 -4919.

AMA Style

Karen Stenner, Zim Nwokora. Current and Future Friends of the Earth: Assessing Cross-National Theories of Environmental Attitudes. Energies. 2015; 8 (6):4899-4919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karen Stenner; Zim Nwokora. 2015. "Current and Future Friends of the Earth: Assessing Cross-National Theories of Environmental Attitudes." Energies 8, no. 6: 4899-4919.

Review
Published: 15 January 2015 in Energies
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This article provides a comprehensive review of theory and research on the individual-level predictors of household energy usage. Drawing on literature from across the social sciences, we examine two broad categories of variables that have been identified as potentially important for explaining variability in energy consumption and conservation: socio-demographic factors (e.g., income, employment status, dwelling type/size, home ownership, household size, stage of family life cycle) and psychological factors (e.g., beliefs and attitudes, motives and intentions, perceived behavioral control, cost-benefit appraisals, personal and social norms). Despite an expanding literature, we find that empirical evidence of the impact of these variables has been far from consistent and conclusive to date. Such inconsistency poses challenges for drawing generalizable conclusions, and underscores the complexity of consumer behavior in this domain. In this article, we propose that a multitude of factors—whether directly, indirectly, or in interaction—influence how householders consume and conserve energy. Theory, research and practice can be greatly advanced by understanding what these factors are, and how, when, where, why and for whom they operate. We conclude by outlining some important practical implications for policymakers and directions for future research.

ACS Style

Elisha R. Frederiks; Karen Stenner; Elizabeth V. Hobman. The Socio-Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Residential Energy Consumption: A Comprehensive Review. Energies 2015, 8, 573 -609.

AMA Style

Elisha R. Frederiks, Karen Stenner, Elizabeth V. Hobman. The Socio-Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Residential Energy Consumption: A Comprehensive Review. Energies. 2015; 8 (1):573-609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisha R. Frederiks; Karen Stenner; Elizabeth V. Hobman. 2015. "The Socio-Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Residential Energy Consumption: A Comprehensive Review." Energies 8, no. 1: 573-609.