Infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all regions of the world. Bacterial drug resistance has grown in the last decades, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has steadily decreased. Therefore, the search for new effective antibacterial agents has become a top priority. The plant kingdom seems to be a deep well for searching for novel antimicrobial agents. This is due to the many attractive features of plants: they are readily available and cheap, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high-level activity against pathogens, and they rarely have severe side effects. The huge variety of plant-derived compounds provides very diverse chemical structures that may supply both the novel mechanisms of antimicrobial action and provide us with new targets within the bacterial cell. In addition, the rapid development of modern biotechnologies opens up the way for obtaining bioactive compounds in environmentally friendly and low-toxic conditions. In this short review, we ask the question: do antibacterial agents derived from plants have a chance to become a panacea against infectious diseases in the “post-antibiotics era”.

Fasting during the Islamic Ramadan month is one of the five obligatory pillars for each adult, healthy, and sane Muslim. People with severe illnesses, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are exempt from fasting. However, many Muslims often insist on Ramadan participating despite any medical advises. It’s known that Muslims are the second largest religious group in Russia; thus, its crucial to have as much modern recommendation for management patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as possible. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate physiological and pathophysiological metabolism changing during holy Ramadan month, to clarify the management of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan, to determine the frequency of glucose measuring during the day, and to understand when its time to interrupt the fasting. Moreover, we discuss specific recommendations in glucose-lowering therapy changing, nutrition, physical activities and education.

Echinococcosis of the liver is a parasitic infection that poses a significant healthcare challenge in endemic regions. The majority of cases present with e

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin characterised by NAB2 and STAT6 genes fusion. SFT occurs in one of 300.000 patients who seek medical attention. Incidence rate of liver SFT is unavailable due to a minor number of existing observations. In most cases, diagnosis of SFT is incidental. Yet, in 5% of cases, it manifests as paraneoplastic syndromes. Differential diagnosis using CT and MRI is complicated due to unspecific pattern of the neoplasm. This paper presents a clinical case of a 58-year-old patient who applied for a consultation at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery. Due to non-specificity, the laboratory and instrumental examination findings did not allow making a correct diagnosis at the preoperative stage. Histological examination findings helped to finally diagnose solitary fibrous tumor. Based on the data obtained, we can draw a conclusion about the imperfection of existing diagnostic options and the need to identify specific criteria for solitary fibrous tumor diagnosis.

Background. Intrahepatic bile-duct stones is a hard to treat condition when it comes to conventional surgery approach. Objective. Analysis of surgical treatment for patients with intrahepatic bile-duct stones in span of the last 10 years at Vishnevsky Center of Surgery. Material and methods. We analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 30 patients from 2013 to 2022. All patients presented with hepaticojejunostomy stenosis combined with intrahepatic bile-duct stones. All patients were treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Results. Percutaneous transhepatic balloon extraction was successful in 26 (85%) of patients. Two patients (6%) were treated with percutaneous cholangioscopy, contact electrohydraulic litotripsy. Three patients underwent open surgery. Complications arised in 6 (20%) patients. Overall treatment was successful in 28 (93%) patients. Conclusion. Percutaneous transhepatic intervention is a method of choice when it comes to patients with cholangiolitiasis if endoscopic approach is not indicated.

Since its discovery, H. pylori infection is known as one of the risk factor for the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer, GIT tumors and numerous other diseases such as psoriasis. Infection caused by H. pylori is posed as the top oncogene in the risk of the development of gastrocarcinoma (First class oncogene by Classification of International Agency for Research of Cancer). That is why the elaboration of fast and accurate methods of diagnosis (non-invasive methods especially) and proper treatment of Helicobacter infection is still very important. Throughout the time, knowledge about pathogenesis of Helicobacter infection have been expanded with the detection of adhesins, chemotaxins and multiple virulence factors related to invasion, adhesion and cytotoxicity of H. pylori. Invasive and non-invasive methods of diagnostics are currently being improved in effectiveness and accuracy. But still, due to different factors (e. g., dramatically increasing drug resistance), eradication of H. pylori remains big problem world-wide. Our review represents modern data on pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of Helicobacter infection.