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A priority must be made on making cities more resilient against crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic to help plan for an uncertain future. However, due to the insufficient transfer of knowledge from, among others, research projects to cities, they are often unaware of the resilience tools available as well as possible standardization activities to foster the integration of relevant stakeholders. To address this issue, this paper analyzes the use of standards and the contribution to standardization in a multi-case study of nine European Framework Program projects and with the Smart Mature Resilience (SMR) project, a more in-depth case study. SMR integrated several European cities in its co-creative approach for developing city resilience tools and the related standards series CWA 17300 on ‘City Resilience Development’. Furthermore, the paper defines five steps for integrating standardization in research projects with a focus on (city) resilience and shows the benefits of the standardization process for fostering the engagement of relevant stakeholders.
René Lindner; Carmen Jaca; Josune Hernantes. A Good Practice for Integrating Stakeholders through Standardization—The Case of the Smart Mature Resilience Project. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9000 .
AMA StyleRené Lindner, Carmen Jaca, Josune Hernantes. A Good Practice for Integrating Stakeholders through Standardization—The Case of the Smart Mature Resilience Project. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9000.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRené Lindner; Carmen Jaca; Josune Hernantes. 2021. "A Good Practice for Integrating Stakeholders through Standardization—The Case of the Smart Mature Resilience Project." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9000.
On the current environment, companies face risks and threats to the systems they need to operate often known as cyber threats. Most of these companies are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and they are exposed to these cyber threats. To mitigate the risks and be able to thrive with as little disruption as possible, SMEs require cyber resilience capabilities. However, due to their limited resources, SMEs usually have no dedicated personnel for cyber resilience operationalization and thus lack the experience this discipline requires to implement. To aid SMEs in their cyber resilience operationalization, the current literature offers several kinds of solutions, but these solutions are usually targeted for companies with more resources than SMEs and do not aid in the complete process of assessing their current cyber resilience, deciding actions to improve it and prioritizing these actions. To aid companies in this systematic process to operationalize or implement cyber resilience, this article develops and tests an operational web-based tool in which companies can follow the complete process described before. To achieve this, a cyber resilience framework with the essential policies for SMEs, descriptions of their natural progressions in a progression model and a prioritization of these policies have been developed. In this article, this framework, progression model and prioritization are later transformed into one cyber resilience self-assessment tool (CR-SAT) and are tested in three case studies to qualitatively evaluate the tool by trying to ascertain its usefulness and completeness as well as improving it with the feedback from the end-users.
Juan Francisco Carias; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes. Cyber Resilience Self-Assessment Tool (CR-SAT) for SMEs. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 80741 -80762.
AMA StyleJuan Francisco Carias, Saioa Arrizabalaga, Leire Labaka, Josune Hernantes. Cyber Resilience Self-Assessment Tool (CR-SAT) for SMEs. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):80741-80762.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Francisco Carias; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes. 2021. "Cyber Resilience Self-Assessment Tool (CR-SAT) for SMEs." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 80741-80762.
Due to the hazardous current cyber environment, cyber resilience is more necessary than ever. Companies are exposed to an often-ignored risk of suffering a cyber incident. This places cyber incidents as one of the main risks for companies in the past few years. On the other hand, the literature meant to aid on the operationalization of cyber resilience is mostly focused on listing the policies required to operationalize it, but is often lacking on how to prioritize these actions and how to strategize their implementation. Therefore, the usage of the current literature in this state is not optimal for companies. Thus, this study proposes a progression model to help companies strategize and prioritize cyber resilience policies by proposing the natural evolution of the policies over time. To develop the model, this study used semi-structured interviews and an analysis of the data obtained from the interviews. Through this methodology, this study found the starting points for each cyber resilience policy and their natural progression over time. These results can help companies in their cyber resilience building process by giving them insights on how to strategize the implementation of the cyber resilience policies.
Juan F. Carías; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes. Cyber Resilience Progression Model. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7393 .
AMA StyleJuan F. Carías, Saioa Arrizabalaga, Leire Labaka, Josune Hernantes. Cyber Resilience Progression Model. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan F. Carías; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes. 2020. "Cyber Resilience Progression Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7393.
The constantly evolving cyber threat landscape is a latent problem for today’s companies. This is especially true for the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because they have limited resources to face the threats but, as a group, represent an extensive payload for cybercriminals to exploit. Moreover, the traditional cybersecurity approach of protecting against known threats cannot withstand the rapidly evolving technologies and threats used by cybercriminals. This study claims that cyber resilience, a more holistic approach to cybersecurity, could help SMEs anticipate, detect, withstand, recover from and evolve after cyber incidents. However, to operationalize cyber resilience is not an easy task, and thus, the study presents a framework with a corresponding implementation order for SMEs that could help them implement cyber resilience practices. The framework is the result of using a variation of Design Science Research in which Grounded Theory was used to induce the most important actions required to implement cyber resilience and an iterative evaluation from experts to validate the actions and put them in a logical order. Therefore, this study proposes that the framework could benefit SME managers to understand cyber resilience, as well as help them start implementing it with concrete actions and an order dictated by the experience of experts. This could potentially ease cyber resilience implementation for SMEs by making them aware of what cyber resilience implies, which dimensions it includes and what actions can be implemented to increase their cyber resilience.
Juan Francisco Carias; Marcos R. S. Borges; Leire Labaka; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Josune Hernantes. Systematic Approach to Cyber Resilience Operationalization in SMEs. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 174200 -174221.
AMA StyleJuan Francisco Carias, Marcos R. S. Borges, Leire Labaka, Saioa Arrizabalaga, Josune Hernantes. Systematic Approach to Cyber Resilience Operationalization in SMEs. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():174200-174221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Francisco Carias; Marcos R. S. Borges; Leire Labaka; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Josune Hernantes. 2020. "Systematic Approach to Cyber Resilience Operationalization in SMEs." IEEE Access 8, no. : 174200-174221.
Cyber resilience can help companies today thrive despite the adverse cyber threat environment. This discipline adds to cybersecurity the mindset of preparing for the unexpected and prioritizing business continuity over simply protecting systems and assets. However, cyber resilience operationalization requires knowledge and investing into its multiple domains and policies. Moreover, the only aids companies have for the operationalization of cyber resilience are frameworks that list the domains and policies, but do not guide them on an effective order in which to implement them. These aids will often require companies to select the set of policies that suits them and decide the order of implementation on their own. This selection process will require resources for acquiring the required knowledge on top of the resources for the implementation of the policies. Since most companies have limited resources and to minimize the investment required for cyber resilience operationalization, this study proposes an implementation order for cyber resilience policies based on the current literature and the iterative evaluation by six experts. This implementation order could potentially help companies operationalize cyber resilience effectively and diminish the investment needed to do so.
Juan Francisco Carias; Marcos R. S. Borges; Leire Labaka; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Josune Hernantes. The Order of the Factors DOES Alter the Product: Cyber Resilience Policies’ Implementation Order. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology 2020, 306 -315.
AMA StyleJuan Francisco Carias, Marcos R. S. Borges, Leire Labaka, Saioa Arrizabalaga, Josune Hernantes. The Order of the Factors DOES Alter the Product: Cyber Resilience Policies’ Implementation Order. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology. 2020; ():306-315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Francisco Carias; Marcos R. S. Borges; Leire Labaka; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Josune Hernantes. 2020. "The Order of the Factors DOES Alter the Product: Cyber Resilience Policies’ Implementation Order." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology , no. : 306-315.
Climate change (CC) is one of the most urgent threats to modern societies, having direct and indirect consequences on the rapid growth of urban areas. Cities are attempting to both reduce their impact on the environment and build resilience to be able to face the irreversible effects of CC through plans and strategies. However, barriers, such as the fact that cities are complex systems and the uncertainty posed by CC have led to less engaged and committed city stakeholders, which have hampered the operationalisation of city resilience. In this context, developing city stakeholders awareness has been demonstrated to be an effective way to put an end to passive behaviour and help transform cities so they are more climate-resilient. Thus, we posit that developing city stakeholder awareness leads to more effective implementation of CC resilience-building plans. To that end, this paper presents a framework that defines the awareness-development process and combines it with an educational simulation tool that facilitates understanding of the theory presented in the framework. Finally, the paper presents a pilot test in the city of Kristiansand, Norway, to show the contribution of the simulation tool in improving city stakeholder awareness.
Marta Iturriza; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes; Ahmed Abdeltawad. Shifting to climate change aware cities to facilitate the city resilience implementation. Cities 2020, 101, 102688 .
AMA StyleMarta Iturriza, Leire Labaka, Josune Hernantes, Ahmed Abdeltawad. Shifting to climate change aware cities to facilitate the city resilience implementation. Cities. 2020; 101 ():102688.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Iturriza; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes; Ahmed Abdeltawad. 2020. "Shifting to climate change aware cities to facilitate the city resilience implementation." Cities 101, no. : 102688.
Cities are growing and becoming more complex, and as they continue to do so, their capacity to deal with foreseen and unforeseen challenges derived from climate change has to adapt accordingly. In the last decade, an effort has been made to build city resilience and improve cities’ capacity to respond to, recover from and adapt to climate change. However, certain city stakeholders’ lack of proactive behavior has resulted in less effective city resilience-building strategies. In this sense, the importance of developing stakeholders’ awareness of climate change in order to ensure proactivity is documented in the literature. However, there is a lack of studies that define how, when and what should be done to develop stakeholders’ climate change awareness at a city scale. This paper presents a framework to develop stakeholders climate change awareness as a result of a systematic literature review and a co-creation process with the participation of 47 experts through a focus group and a Delphi study. The framework defines a four-step process and includes nine policies that seek to develop stakeholders’ climate change awareness. The framework concludes determining the responsibilities of each stakeholder by defining the policies they should implement, and the effect one policy might cause on other stakeholders and among policies.
Marta Iturriza; Josune Hernantes; Ahmed A. Abdelgawad; Leire Labaka. Are Cities Aware Enough? A Framework for Developing City Awareness to Climate Change. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2168 .
AMA StyleMarta Iturriza, Josune Hernantes, Ahmed A. Abdelgawad, Leire Labaka. Are Cities Aware Enough? A Framework for Developing City Awareness to Climate Change. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Iturriza; Josune Hernantes; Ahmed A. Abdelgawad; Leire Labaka. 2020. "Are Cities Aware Enough? A Framework for Developing City Awareness to Climate Change." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2168.
Climate change (CC) is one of the most challenging issues ever faced, as it affects every system worldwide at any scale. Urban areas are not an exception. Extreme weather-related events have seriously affected urban areas in recent years, and they have a significant impact on the welfare of people. According to UN projections, by 2050 more than 68% of the world’s population could be concentrated in urban areas. Additionally, daily life in urban areas is highly dependent on certain critical services and products provided by critical infrastructures (CIs). Therefore, it is especially relevant to understand how CC affects urban CIs in order to develop mechanisms to improve their capacity to handle crises derived from CC. In this context, resilience-based strategies provide a holistic approach, considering both predictable and unpredictable threats. This paper proposes a guide for assessing and enhancing the resilience level of cities against CC, considering urban CIs as key agents in improving the city’s capacity to face and recover from CC-related crises. The guide was developed through a co-creation process in which two cities in the Basque Country (Spain) worked together with CI providers and other relevant stakeholders in the resilience-building process. The resulting guide is to be used by city stakeholders at a strategic level, providing them with: (1) a qualitative assessment of the city’s current resilience level in the CC context; (2) better knowledge about urban CI sectors, their interdependency relationships and the chain of impacts due to cascading effects in the short, medium and in the long term and; (3) a set of policies that enhance city resilience.
Cinta Lomba-Fernández; Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka. Guide for Climate-Resilient Cities: An Urban Critical Infrastructures Approach. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4727 .
AMA StyleCinta Lomba-Fernández, Josune Hernantes, Leire Labaka. Guide for Climate-Resilient Cities: An Urban Critical Infrastructures Approach. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4727.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCinta Lomba-Fernández; Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka. 2019. "Guide for Climate-Resilient Cities: An Urban Critical Infrastructures Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4727.
A growing majority of the world's population lives in cities, and the concentration of people and critical services in cities increases their exposure to acute shocks and long-term stresses. Therefore, building resilient cities that are able to resist and absorb threats and are capable of adapting to and recovering from shocks and stresses is vital for the wellbeing of society. Although the literature offers several studies on how city resilience can be improved, operationalizing resilience is still a challenge. This article describes the different phases of the co-creation process followed in the development of a maturity model that can guide cities in assessing and future improving their resilience level. This co-creation process was conducted using different methodologies involving an interdisciplinary group of international experts who contributed their knowledge and experience to the development process of the maturity model. The outcome of this process is the final version of a maturity model that operationalizes the steps that should be taken to build city resilience.
Leire Labaka; Patricia Maraña; Raquel Giménez; Josune Hernantes. Defining the roadmap towards city resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2019, 146, 281 -296.
AMA StyleLeire Labaka, Patricia Maraña, Raquel Giménez, Josune Hernantes. Defining the roadmap towards city resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2019; 146 ():281-296.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Labaka; Patricia Maraña; Raquel Giménez; Josune Hernantes. 2019. "Defining the roadmap towards city resilience." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 146, no. : 281-296.
There is an urgent need to build city resilience in order to face upcoming foreseen and unforeseen disasters more holistically, economically and collaboratively. Population trends mean that people are moving to urban areas and the traditional approach to crisis management is becoming obsolete as it is no longer able to deal with the new challenges that are emerging such as social dynamics or climate change. In this context, there are numerous studies and strategies that define how to build city resilience and consequently sustainable cities. However, decision-makers have trouble putting the knowledge in the studies and strategies into practice, as they find this information to be too abstract or far from their daily activities. More practical tools are needed to facilitate the operationalization of city resilience and familiarize decision makers with the concept. To that end, this paper presents both a qualitative and quantitative toolkit that enables decision makers to study, understand and train themselves to operationalize city resilience properly. This toolkit is composed of two complementary tools, namely the Resilience Maturity Model (RMM) and a serious game called City Resilience Dynamics (CRD). The paper also discusses the key points that led to a useful, trustworthy and flexible toolkit that decision-makers can use in building city resilience.
Marta Iturriza; Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka. Coming to Action: Operationalizing City Resilience. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3054 .
AMA StyleMarta Iturriza, Josune Hernantes, Leire Labaka. Coming to Action: Operationalizing City Resilience. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3054.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Iturriza; Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka. 2019. "Coming to Action: Operationalizing City Resilience." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3054.
Unexpected crises and risks affect the urban population. Critical infrastructure dependency, climate change and social dynamics have captured the attention of city decision makers across different disciplines, sectors, and scales. Addressing these challenges mandates an increase in resilience. This article presents the development of the novel European Resilience Management Guideline (ERMG) developed by the European H2020 Smart Mature Resilience (SMR) project. It encompasses five supporting tools for city resilience. The purpose of this article is threefold. First, it describes the extensive co-creation methods used to establish, validate and test the five ERMG tools as collaborations among seven city stakeholders and researchers in Europe. Second, it explains concisely the features of each tool and its use cases and applicability in the city resilience building process. Third, it shows how EMRG supports strategic management in encouraging the visibility of risk dependencies, identifying vicious loops and potential cascading effects, and promoting collaboration between stakeholders to share resources. The article concludes with a discussion of SMR standardization activities to support the transfer of this research results to wider audiences. It covers guidance on local resilience planning and supporting efforts in building and operationalization resilience at the city level.
Patricia Marana; Colin Eden; Henrik Eriksson; Clara Grimes; Josune Hernantes; Susan Howick; Leire Labaka; Vasileios Latinos; Rene Lindner; Tim A. Majchrzak; Igor Pyrko; Jaziar Radianti; Amy Rankin; Mihoko Sakurai; Jose M. Sarriegi; Nicolas Serrano. Towards a resilience management guideline — Cities as a starting point for societal resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 48, 101531 .
AMA StylePatricia Marana, Colin Eden, Henrik Eriksson, Clara Grimes, Josune Hernantes, Susan Howick, Leire Labaka, Vasileios Latinos, Rene Lindner, Tim A. Majchrzak, Igor Pyrko, Jaziar Radianti, Amy Rankin, Mihoko Sakurai, Jose M. Sarriegi, Nicolas Serrano. Towards a resilience management guideline — Cities as a starting point for societal resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 48 ():101531.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Marana; Colin Eden; Henrik Eriksson; Clara Grimes; Josune Hernantes; Susan Howick; Leire Labaka; Vasileios Latinos; Rene Lindner; Tim A. Majchrzak; Igor Pyrko; Jaziar Radianti; Amy Rankin; Mihoko Sakurai; Jose M. Sarriegi; Nicolas Serrano. 2019. "Towards a resilience management guideline — Cities as a starting point for societal resilience." Sustainable Cities and Society 48, no. : 101531.
The fourth industrial revolution has brought several risks to factories along with its plethora of benefits. The convergence of new technologies, legacy technologies, information technologies and operational technologies in the same network generates a wide attack surface. At the same time, factories need continuous production to meet their customers’ demand, so any stopped production can have harsh effects on a factory’s economy. This makes cyber resilience a key requirement in factories nowadays. However, it is difficult for managers to define effective cyber resilience strategies, especially considering the difficulty of estimating adequate investment in cyber resilience policies before the company has suffered cyber incidents. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to define and model an effective cyber resilience strategy. To achieve this, the system dynamics methodology was followed in order to get five experts’ opinions on the best strategy to invest in cyber resilience. Interviews were conducted with these experts; their reasoning was put into behavior over time graphs and a system dynamics model was built from these findings. The main conclusion is that a cyber resilience investment strategy should be dynamic, investing in both technical security and personnel training, but at first with an emphasis on technical security and later shifting to have an emphasis on training.
Juan Francisco Carías; Leire Labaka; José María Sarriegi; Josune Hernantes. Defining a Cyber Resilience Investment Strategy in an Industrial Internet of Things Context. Sensors 2019, 19, 138 .
AMA StyleJuan Francisco Carías, Leire Labaka, José María Sarriegi, Josune Hernantes. Defining a Cyber Resilience Investment Strategy in an Industrial Internet of Things Context. Sensors. 2019; 19 (1):138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Francisco Carías; Leire Labaka; José María Sarriegi; Josune Hernantes. 2019. "Defining a Cyber Resilience Investment Strategy in an Industrial Internet of Things Context." Sensors 19, no. 1: 138.
The adaption and implementation of resilience related approaches at urban level via standardization is the key aspect that this paper is addressing. Reframing of resilience practices through standardization will enhance the sharing of knowledge and experiences among especially urban areas. Several theories exist to support resilience development, but putting this into practical use for example for cities or urban areas need a more end-user oriented development of supporting documents such as standards. In this regard the European research project Smart Mature Resilience (SMR) has integrated standardization as one of the instruments to transfer the project outcomes and tools into the market, and thus to their potential end-users. The aim of SMR is to deliver a Resilience Management Guideline that supports city decision-makers in developing and implementing resilience measures in their cities, using the five resilience building tools developed in this project. To support the development and implementation of this guideline, a series of standards called City Resilience Development has been created by conducting several open workshops. This paper presents the criteria for selecting specific project results for their transfer into standards. It also describes a methodology of using standardization within research and innovation projects, i.e. the process of developing standards out of project results. For example, within the development of the above mentioned standards series not only the seven cities and municipalities of the SMR project were involved, but also it was through the standardization process possible to easily involve other cities and research projects. This is answering the need of the participating cities to have an exchange of experiences with other cities on their resilience challenges and resilience building activities. In the end of this process the city representatives and researchers acknowledge and commit to the standards series as they have been an essential part of its creation.
Jose Maria Sarriegi; Josune Hernantes; Rene Lindner. Standardization process for urban resilience. Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleJose Maria Sarriegi, Josune Hernantes, Rene Lindner. Standardization process for urban resilience. Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose Maria Sarriegi; Josune Hernantes; Rene Lindner. 2018. "Standardization process for urban resilience." Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience , no. : 1.
A growing majority of the world's population lives in cities. This rapid urbanization increases the concentration of people and critical services in cities, which also upscale their exposure to acute shocks and long-term stresses such as floods, earthquakes, climate change or social dynamics. While all of these challenges are complex in themselves, in most cases, cities must face a combination of them. Resilience thinking demands cities plan holistically so that they are prepared for whatever shocks and stresses may arise. Although there is a set of frameworks aimed at building city resilience, frameworks specifically aimed at operationalizing the resilience-building process within cities remain undeveloped. This research begins to fill this gap by developing a Resilience Maturity Model (RMM) that provides cities with a roadmap for operationalizing the resilience-building process. For that purpose, the RMM defines a sequence of maturity stages and a set of policies that help cities to assess their current maturity stage and identify the policies that need to be implemented to improve their resilience level.
Josune Hernantes; Patricia Maraña; Raquel Gimenez; Jose Mari Sarriegi; Leire Labaka. Towards resilient cities: A maturity model for operationalizing resilience. Cities 2018, 84, 96 -103.
AMA StyleJosune Hernantes, Patricia Maraña, Raquel Gimenez, Jose Mari Sarriegi, Leire Labaka. Towards resilient cities: A maturity model for operationalizing resilience. Cities. 2018; 84 ():96-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosune Hernantes; Patricia Maraña; Raquel Gimenez; Jose Mari Sarriegi; Leire Labaka. 2018. "Towards resilient cities: A maturity model for operationalizing resilience." Cities 84, no. : 96-103.
Although the positive impact of cloud computing seems obvious for both big and small companies, the adoption rate of services associated with it has not reached the levels that were expected. In the case of software as a service (SaaS), the adoption rates of the different application types are not homogeneous. Some well-established application types, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, have lower adoption rates as compared to other applications, such as customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Understanding the drivers of this phenomenon can help software companies design more successful SaaS applications. In this study, we present a framework that can help software companies evaluate the application-cloud fit, along with two strategies that enhance cloud application adoption.
Gorka Gallardo; Josune Hernantes; Nicolas Serrano. Designing SaaS for Enterprise Adoption Based on Task, Company, and Value-Chain Context. IEEE Internet Computing 2018, 22, 37 -45.
AMA StyleGorka Gallardo, Josune Hernantes, Nicolas Serrano. Designing SaaS for Enterprise Adoption Based on Task, Company, and Value-Chain Context. IEEE Internet Computing. 2018; 22 (4):37-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGorka Gallardo; Josune Hernantes; Nicolas Serrano. 2018. "Designing SaaS for Enterprise Adoption Based on Task, Company, and Value-Chain Context." IEEE Internet Computing 22, no. 4: 37-45.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a distributed system of physical objects that requires the integration of hardware (e.g., sensors, actuators) and network communications in order to collect and exchange data. IoT smart objects need to be identified in some way to determine the origin of the data. One of the best-positioned technologies to perform identification is RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), which has gained a lot of popularity in applications like access control, payment cards or logistics. This paper presents a RFID-based IoT Cybersecurity laboratory: it provides a guideline for understanding and analyzing in depth the RFID technology from the cybersecurity point of view. The application is based on Proxmark3, which is a suite of HW/SW tools that facilitates message eavesdropping and emulation of both tags and readers. All the software, firmware and hardware that is described here is open source and open design.
Santiago Figueroa-Lorenzo; Juan Carías; Javier Anorga; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Josune Hernantes. A RFID-based IoT Cybersecurity Lab in Telecommunications Engineering. 2018 XIII Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching Conference (TAEE) 2018, 1 -8.
AMA StyleSantiago Figueroa-Lorenzo, Juan Carías, Javier Anorga, Saioa Arrizabalaga, Josune Hernantes. A RFID-based IoT Cybersecurity Lab in Telecommunications Engineering. 2018 XIII Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching Conference (TAEE). 2018; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantiago Figueroa-Lorenzo; Juan Carías; Javier Anorga; Saioa Arrizabalaga; Josune Hernantes. 2018. "A RFID-based IoT Cybersecurity Lab in Telecommunications Engineering." 2018 XIII Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching Conference (TAEE) , no. : 1-8.
Marta Iturriza; Leire Labaka; Jose M. Sarriegi; Josune Hernantes. Modelling methodologies for analysing critical infrastructures. Journal of Simulation 2018, 12, 128 -143.
AMA StyleMarta Iturriza, Leire Labaka, Jose M. Sarriegi, Josune Hernantes. Modelling methodologies for analysing critical infrastructures. Journal of Simulation. 2018; 12 (2):128-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Iturriza; Leire Labaka; Jose M. Sarriegi; Josune Hernantes. 2018. "Modelling methodologies for analysing critical infrastructures." Journal of Simulation 12, no. 2: 128-143.
A resilience-focused approach requires the collaboration of a variety of stakeholders including the local government, emergency services, citizens, and companies in adapting to disasters. Currently however, governments fail to encourage stakeholders to take part in the resilience-building process. To address this challenge, this study presents a maturity model (MM) that provides local governments with a sequence of stages and policies to improve the collaboration with stakeholders. The MM was developed in close collaboration with six European cities and was put into practice through a case study in a UK city. The MM made it possible to assess the current stage of the city under study and to implement policies for engaging stakeholders in the resilience-building process. Finally, challenges associated with the involvement of stakeholders encountered in the city under study are discussed.
Raquel Gimenez; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes. Union means strength: Building city resilience through multistakeholder collaboration. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 2017, 26, 385 -393.
AMA StyleRaquel Gimenez, Leire Labaka, Josune Hernantes. Union means strength: Building city resilience through multistakeholder collaboration. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. 2017; 26 (3):385-393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaquel Gimenez; Leire Labaka; Josune Hernantes. 2017. "Union means strength: Building city resilience through multistakeholder collaboration." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 26, no. 3: 385-393.
A resilience-focused approach leads organizations to improve the management of disasters through being aware, flexible, trained, and prepared, having committed top managers and staff, and being part of a wider network of stakeholders. Based on the organizational resilience principles identified in the literature, this article analyses the potential for improvement of the organizational resilience of disaster management organizations through their involvement in virtual communities of practice (VCoPs). VCoPs are groups of stakeholders from different organizations with a common interest that collaborate and exchange knowledge on a regular basis. This article presents a Delphi study that was conducted with a multidisciplinary group of international experts that work in disaster management organizations to evaluate the contribution of VCoPs. The results of the Delphi show that VCoPs help organizations to improve the organizational resilience principles. Nevertheless, there is still a series of barriers that organizations need to face in terms of collaboration and information sharing. This article classifies the existing barriers that hinder participation in VCoPs and suggests solutions to overcome them.
Raquel Gimenez; Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Murray Turoff. Improving the resilience of disaster management organizations through virtual communities of practice: A Delphi study. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 2017, 25, 160 -170.
AMA StyleRaquel Gimenez, Josune Hernantes, Leire Labaka, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Murray Turoff. Improving the resilience of disaster management organizations through virtual communities of practice: A Delphi study. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. 2017; 25 (3):160-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaquel Gimenez; Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Murray Turoff. 2017. "Improving the resilience of disaster management organizations through virtual communities of practice: A Delphi study." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 25, no. 3: 160-170.
Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka; Murray Turoff; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Victor A. Bañuls. Moving forward to disaster resilience: Perspectives on increasing resilience for future disasters. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2017, 121, 1 -6.
AMA StyleJosune Hernantes, Leire Labaka, Murray Turoff, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Victor A. Bañuls. Moving forward to disaster resilience: Perspectives on increasing resilience for future disasters. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2017; 121 ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosune Hernantes; Leire Labaka; Murray Turoff; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Victor A. Bañuls. 2017. "Moving forward to disaster resilience: Perspectives on increasing resilience for future disasters." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 121, no. : 1-6.