Unique multifunctional coatings, comprising a 3D superhydrophobic agent and two nanostructured photocatalysts (solar-light sensitive 50/50 and 10/90 TiO₂-ZnO nano-heterostructures), compatible with the inorganic substrates of the Built Heritage, have been designed. The synthesized nanoparticles showed an enhanced photocatalytic activity (tested by NO degradation) as compared with the raw TiO₂ and ZnO materials. Dispersing agents were used to optimize the coatings, avoiding agglomeration of the photocatalytic nanoparticles and increasing the stability of the suspensions. Four distinct dispersions were optimized and applied as coatings onto stony materials used in the Built Heritage, such as sandstone, lime mortar, granite and limestone. Their effectiveness was assessed by assessing hydrophobicity of the surfaces (static water contact angle), photocatalytic activity and self-cleaning as well as water vapour permeability of the treated specimens. These transparent coatings demonstrated high compatibility with the construction materials of the Architectural Heritage and showed a synergistic effect rendering a minimized water absorption, self-cleaning ability evidenced by the reduced adsorption of soiling deposits and a reasonable degradation of any trace that might be adsorbed, as well as a protecting hydrophobic environment for the photocatalyst.

This paper presents the experimental procedure to develop air lime-based injection grouts, including polymeric superplasticizers, a water repellent agent and pozzolanic agents as additives. Our research focuses on the development of grouts to improve various characteristics simultaneously by combining different additions and admixtures. Aiming to improve the injectability of the grouts, in this study, different polymeric superplasticizers were added, namely polycarboxylated-ether derivative (PCE), polynaphthalene sulfonate (PNS) and condensate of melamine-formaldehyde sulfonate (SMFC). As a water-repellent agent, sodium oleate was used to reduce the water absorption. The enhancement of the strength and setting time was intended by using microsilica and metakaolin as pozzolanic mineral additions. Compatibility between the different admixtures and action mechanism of the different polymers were studied by means of zeta potential and adsorption isotherms measurements. Diverse grout mixtures were produced and investigated by assessing their injectability, fluidity, stability, compressive strength, hydrophobicity and durability. This research led to several suitable mixtures produced by using more than one component, to enhance efficiency and to provide better performance of grouts. According to the results, the grout composed of air lime, metakaolin, sodium oleate and PCE was found to be the most effective composition, improving the mechanical strength, injectability and hydrophobicity.

In this study, the characteristics of mortars used in some ancient Roman buildings located Xanthos (Antalya), Patara (Antalya) and Tlos (Muğla) in Southern Turkey were determined in order to define the properties of the new mortars to be used in the conservation works of the buildings. For this purpose, their basic physical properties, raw material compositions, mineralogical and microstructural properties were determined by X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Analysis results indicated that the binder of the mortars composed of lime and fine aggregates have compact and uniform structure. The mortars are of low density and high porosity were produced from high calcium lime containing magnesium and natural aggregates. The lime and aggregate ratios were between 3/4 – 5/2 by weight and the aggregates with particle sizes greater than 1mm. composed the largest fraction of the aggregates. Lime composed of small size of micritic crystals due to use of aged lime putty. Aggregates were natural and mainly composed of quartz, albite, diopside and amorphous silica that may derived from the use of volcanic ash as pozzolans.

This paper aims to trace the non-Muslim religious buildings of Foça (Eski Foça), which were partially and/or completely destroyed after the Compulsory Population Exchange in 1923. Foça, as a multi-layered and multi-cultural city, overlaps the archaeological remains of ancient Phokaia and reflects the architectural heritage of the Ottoman period as its top historical layer. Examples of Ottoman civil architecture are today's most evident physical elements of cultural heritage. Besides, the Ottoman period has non-existent buildings, including non-Muslim religious buildings. Foça was inhabited by the Greek-Orthodox community, and for that reason, it belongs to traces of Greek-Orthodox churches dated to the 18th and 19th centuries. In this study, spatial traces of ten churches were examined by written sources, historical maps and drawings, old photographs, and field studies. Revealing the traces of churches is essential in terms of showing the changes in the urban development of Foça and reflecting its historical accumulation.

Karaköy, İzmir’in Çeşme ilçesine bağlı, terk edilmiş tarihi bir kırsal yerleşmedir. 20. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren, sosyal, ekonomik, politik, doğal ve çevresel faktörlerin etkisiyle kademeli olarak terk edilmiştir. Yaklaşık 300 yıllık geçmişine ait somut ve somut olmayan kültürel miras unsurları barındıran bu yerleşmeye odaklanan bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tarih öncesinden günümüze farklı dönemlere ait izleri barındıran Karaköy kırsal yerleşmesi ve çevresinin tarihsel gelişimini ve terk edilme sürecini yerel değerler ile bütüncül bir şekilde ele almaktır. Bu bağlamda, yerleşmenin coğrafi özellikleri, koruma durumu ve adının kökeni incelenmiş; belirlenen dönemlere göre tarihsel gelişimi aktarılmıştır. Ayrıca, köy ve çevresinin kullanım durumu haritalandırılarak görselleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın yöntemi, alan çalışması, literatür ve arşiv taraması ile haritalama çalışmalarını kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada mekânsal ölçek, Karaköy’ün günümüzdeki idari sınırları yerine, köy yaşamının aktif olduğu 20. yüzyıl başlarındaki sınırlar temel alınarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, tarihi kırsal alanların araştırılması ve belgelenmesi çalışmalarında yerleşik alanla sınırlı kalmayıp, çevreleriyle birlikte bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alınması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Karaköy’ün yaklaşık 18. yüzyıl başlarında kurulan bir Yörük/Türk köyü olduğu, su kıtlığı, depremler, yetersiz eğitim olanakları, ulaşım ve altyapı eksiklikleri gibi nedenlerle terk edildiği ve günümüzdeki harap durumuna geldiği tespit edilmiştir.