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An environmental life cycle assessment was conducted to compare proposed municipal solid waste treatment systems with the existing system in Visakhapatnam, India. Five waste alternative treatment systems, including open dumping of municipal solid waste (S1), landfill without gas recovery [LFWGR] (S2), landfill with gas recovery (S3), anaerobic digestion + LFWGR (S4), and incineration + LFWGR (S5). EASETECHTM was considered for assessment using ReCiPE Midpoint (Heuristic) world environmental impact assessment method. Global warming potential (GWP), terrestrial acidification (TA), freshwater eutrophication (FEW), marine water eutrophication (ME), human toxicity (HTP), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), freshwater ecotoxicity (FWT), and marine ecotoxicity (MET) impacts were determined for each option. The existing MSW disposal practice in Visakhapatnam city (baseline scenario, S1) has the highest GWP (1107 kg CO2 eq.), which can potentially be reduced to 68.2%, 81.5%, 98.2%, and 94.5% by alternative waste management scenarios S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively. Scenario S4, involving the use of anaerobic digestion of food waste and residues dumped in engineered landfill without energy recovery was found to be the option with the highest mitigation potential of most of the impacts, and it contributes to significant environmental benefits in terms of ecological footprints in a low-income country such as India. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the reasonable legitimacy of data used for the determination of the impacts.
Venkata Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Brajesh Dubey. Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment. Energies 2021, 14, 3133 .
AMA StyleVenkata Cheela, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas, Brajesh Dubey. Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVenkata Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Brajesh Dubey. 2021. "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment." Energies 14, no. 11: 3133.
Rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) are accelerating the transition towards low carbon electricity systems in many countries, particularly in Australia. This review paper provides an overview of the (1) technical, (2) economic, (3) socio-political, and (4) regulatory and institutional aspects that should be considered concurrently when navigating the transition towards a rooftop PV-dominated electricity system. We consider the suitability of two prominent long-range transitions theories for understanding the importance and interaction of elements within these four aspects during the transition. The multi-level perspective (MLP) of transitions theory is considered best suited for this task as it addresses fundamental shifts in the socio-technical systems, rather than being weighted towards technological and/or economic solutions. We find that relatively little research has been undertaken where the renewable energy transition is being driven by the uptake of rooftop PV within the distribution network of established islanded electricity systems. These islanded electricity systems will be the first to experience system impacts from high levels of rooftop PV. This review provides further analysis of important gaps in understanding the rooftop-PV-led energy transition and the implications for policy makers in maintaining stable electricity supplies during the transition.
Sam Wilkinson; Michele John; Gregory Morrison. Rooftop PV and the Renewable Energy Transition; a Review of Driving Forces and Analytical Frameworks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5613 .
AMA StyleSam Wilkinson, Michele John, Gregory Morrison. Rooftop PV and the Renewable Energy Transition; a Review of Driving Forces and Analytical Frameworks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSam Wilkinson; Michele John; Gregory Morrison. 2021. "Rooftop PV and the Renewable Energy Transition; a Review of Driving Forces and Analytical Frameworks." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5613.
With Australia's significant existing household PV capacity, decreasing battery costs may lead to widespread household PV-battery adoption. As the sizing of these systems are heavily influenced by retail tariffs, this paper analyses the effect of flat retail tariffs on households free to invest in PV battery systems. Using Perth, Australia for context, an open-source model is used to simulate household PV battery investments over a 20-year period. We find that flat usage and feed-in tariffs lead to distinct residual demand patterns as households' transition from PV-only to PV-battery systems. Qualitatively analysing these patterns from the bottom-up, we identify transitional tipping points that may challenge future electricity system management, market participation and energy policies. The continued use of flat tariffs incentivises PV-battery households to maximise self-consumption, which reduces annual grid-imports, increases annual grid-exports, and shifts residual demand towards winter. Diurnal and seasonal demand patterns continue to change as PV-battery households eventually become net-generators. Unmanaged, these bottom-up changes may complicate energy decarbonisation efforts within centralised electricity markets and suggest that policymakers should prepare for PV-battery households to play a more active role in the energy system.
Kelvin Say; Michele John. Molehills into mountains: Transitional pressures from household PV-battery adoption under flat retail and feed-in tariffs. Energy Policy 2021, 152, 112213 .
AMA StyleKelvin Say, Michele John. Molehills into mountains: Transitional pressures from household PV-battery adoption under flat retail and feed-in tariffs. Energy Policy. 2021; 152 ():112213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKelvin Say; Michele John. 2021. "Molehills into mountains: Transitional pressures from household PV-battery adoption under flat retail and feed-in tariffs." Energy Policy 152, no. : 112213.
Pavements occupy about 40% of urban land cover, with 75–80% black top roads, playing a critical role in urban connectivity and mobility. Solar energy is absorbed and stored in pavements leading to an increase in surface temperatures. Decreasing green cover is further contributing to rise in regional temperatures. Due to this activity, the city experiences urban heat island (UHI). This study presents a critical review of the literature on mitigation measures to combat UHI using reflective pavements with an emphasis on durability properties and impacts of tree canopy. The strategies with a focus on application of chip seals, white toppings, and coatings were discussed. Role of surface reflectance, including those from asphalt and concrete pavements, albedo improvements, and technological trends, application of waste materials, and industrial by-products are presented. Also, urban tree shading systems’ contribution to pavement temperature and microclimate systems is presented. The review shows that the development of mitigation measures using tree shading systems can reduce the pavement temperature during daytime and increase human thermal comfort. The outcomes of this review provide a scope for future studies to develop sustainable and state-of-the-art engineering solutions in the field of reflective coatings and urban forest systems.
V. Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Prabir Sarker. Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies. Buildings 2021, 11, 93 .
AMA StyleV. Cheela, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas, Prabir Sarker. Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies. Buildings. 2021; 11 (3):93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Prabir Sarker. 2021. "Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies." Buildings 11, no. 3: 93.
Reductions in the cost of PV and batteries encourage households to invest in PV battery prosumage. We explore the implications for the rest of the power sector by applying two open-source techno-economic models to scenarios in Western Australia for the year 2030. Household PV capacity generally substitutes utility PV, but slightly less so as additional household batteries are installed. Wind power is less affected, especially in scenarios with higher shares of renewables. With household batteries operating to maximise self-consumption, utility battery capacities are hardly substituted. Wholesale prices to supply households, including those not engaging in prosumage, slightly decrease, while prices for other consumers slightly increase. Given the power sector repercussions modeled here, we conclude that the growing adoption of prosumage needs to be carefully considered by power system planners and investors of long-lived utility-scale renewable generation and storage assets to prevent overinvestment. Likewise, regulators should encourage greater system-oriented use of battery flexibility from prosumagers in the energy transition.
Kelvin Say; Wolf-Peter Schill; Michele John. Degrees of displacement: The impact of household PV battery prosumage on utility generation and storage. Applied Energy 2020, 276, 115466 .
AMA StyleKelvin Say, Wolf-Peter Schill, Michele John. Degrees of displacement: The impact of household PV battery prosumage on utility generation and storage. Applied Energy. 2020; 276 ():115466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKelvin Say; Wolf-Peter Schill; Michele John. 2020. "Degrees of displacement: The impact of household PV battery prosumage on utility generation and storage." Applied Energy 276, no. : 115466.
Jungtae Noh; Behzad Ghadimi; Salvatore Russo; Michele Rosano. Assessment of FRP pultruded elements under static and dynamic loads. Composite Structures 2018, 202, 17 -28.
AMA StyleJungtae Noh, Behzad Ghadimi, Salvatore Russo, Michele Rosano. Assessment of FRP pultruded elements under static and dynamic loads. Composite Structures. 2018; 202 ():17-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJungtae Noh; Behzad Ghadimi; Salvatore Russo; Michele Rosano. 2018. "Assessment of FRP pultruded elements under static and dynamic loads." Composite Structures 202, no. : 17-28.
This research evaluates, at microscopic level, the failure mechanisms of pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) column elements after they have been subjected to temperature stress and compressive load. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) performed the investigation, with the GFRP samples cut into small sized specimens and treated with specific coatings. The analysed samples exhibited particular features, which have been interpreted with the support of fractography. The results suggest that the GFRP composite failure, under the combined duress of temperature and compression load, is mostly dominated by microbuckling. SEM analysis shows how the temperature treatment affects the resin-fibre interaction, how temperature interacts with the compression load and which failure mechanisms developed as a result.
Valeria Liberatore; Behzad Ghadimi; Michele Rosano; Rosario Ceravolo; Salvatore Russo. Microstructural analysis of GFRP failure mechanisms after compressive load and temperature duress. Composite Structures 2018, 203, 875 -885.
AMA StyleValeria Liberatore, Behzad Ghadimi, Michele Rosano, Rosario Ceravolo, Salvatore Russo. Microstructural analysis of GFRP failure mechanisms after compressive load and temperature duress. Composite Structures. 2018; 203 ():875-885.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Liberatore; Behzad Ghadimi; Michele Rosano; Rosario Ceravolo; Salvatore Russo. 2018. "Microstructural analysis of GFRP failure mechanisms after compressive load and temperature duress." Composite Structures 203, no. : 875-885.
Pultruded FRP (fibre reinforced polymer) materials have attracted the attention of civil engineers with their high strength weight ratio and environmentally friendly production and use. Mechanical analysis of pultruded FRP profiles is complex since the material is anisotropic and becomes more complex when thin FRP dedicated hollow cross sections are involved. This is particularly relevant with square or rectangular construction forms where the corners of the material are suspected to produce weak points under compressive loading. FRPs are also believed to behave contrarily when subjected to heat and thermal duress. This research investigates problems in predicting their behaviour under compression (hollow square pultruded FRP sample) using different analytical and modelling approaches. The mechanical behaviour of the material is investigated under different thermal conditions through finite element simulation and the results are then compared with previously conducted laboratory research analysis. The large deformation in anisotropic materials is simulated to provide better prediction regarding the failure mechanism of this material. Finite element simulation is then used to estimate the performance of similar and often competitive construction materials to GFRP (i.e.: wood, concrete and steel) under similar thermal and compressive duress
Behzad Ghadimi; Salvatore Russo; Michele Rosano. Predicted mechanical performance of pultruded FRP material under severe temperature duress. Composite Structures 2017, 176, 673 -683.
AMA StyleBehzad Ghadimi, Salvatore Russo, Michele Rosano. Predicted mechanical performance of pultruded FRP material under severe temperature duress. Composite Structures. 2017; 176 ():673-683.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBehzad Ghadimi; Salvatore Russo; Michele Rosano. 2017. "Predicted mechanical performance of pultruded FRP material under severe temperature duress." Composite Structures 176, no. : 673-683.
In order to secure valuable materials and to establish better circular economy practice, new legislation to promote recycling of small-sized e-waste including used mobile phones started in April 2013, in Japan. In order to consider appropriate methods to reduce material usage in mobile phone production, an examination of appropriate strategies in handling used mobile phone products is warranted. This paper investigates an analysis of material flow model for used mobile phones. Then, by analyzing the model, it tries to find suitable strategies to reduce the material consumption associated with mobile phone production and consumption. Although material recycling is an important strategy in Japan, other waste management options exist. This research indicates which factors are keys in reducing material consumption and CO2 emission, and establishing resource efficient production. The study concludes that “domestic product reuse” and “official recycling networks” are equally good in reducing the consumption of virgin materials associated with mobile phone production. However, in doing so, it is necessary to establish a system in which consumers can properly return their used mobile phones for recycling. Such an end-of-life waste management system can reduce both waste and resource consumption and the environmental impacts associated with increasing mobile phone production. Further research investigating the value of increasing the product reuse rate and the collection return rate for mobile phones is also warranted.
Kuniko Mishima; Michele Rosano; Nozomu Mishima; Hidekazu Nishimura. End-of-Life Strategies for Used Mobile Phones Using Material Flow Modeling. Recycling 2016, 1, 122 -135.
AMA StyleKuniko Mishima, Michele Rosano, Nozomu Mishima, Hidekazu Nishimura. End-of-Life Strategies for Used Mobile Phones Using Material Flow Modeling. Recycling. 2016; 1 (1):122-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuniko Mishima; Michele Rosano; Nozomu Mishima; Hidekazu Nishimura. 2016. "End-of-Life Strategies for Used Mobile Phones Using Material Flow Modeling." Recycling 1, no. 1: 122-135.
This research evaluates the effects of various elevated temperature cycles and peaks on the compression behaviour of pultruded fibre reinforce polymer (FRP) samples as a means of highlighting the durability\ud and strength of FRP material under conditions designed to replicate considerable environmental duress.\ud The performance of the temperature affected samples are then compared with control samples not subjected to the temperature cycles in order to evaluate the effects of temperature on both the load compression achieved and any surface or material degradation as a result of the temperature cycles. The analysed FRP samples were physically characterised by a very low slenderness value in order to avoid potential local instability which characterises FRP pultruded materials. Strain-gauges were used to evaluate the trend of local deformation of the samples both in the direction of the pultruded fibres and orthogonally to them. Finite element analysis was then used to validate the experimental data also with the specific failure criteria adopted. Results suggest that even after considerable cycles of high temperature, the FRP samples still exhibited significant performance durability with relatively small impacts from material stiffness and strain effects suggesting an inherent durability and sustainability under conditions of extended environmental dures
Salvatore Russo; Behzad Ghadimi; Krishna Lawania; Michele Rosano. Residual strength testing in pultruded FRP material under a variety of temperature cycles and values. Composite Structures 2015, 133, 458 -475.
AMA StyleSalvatore Russo, Behzad Ghadimi, Krishna Lawania, Michele Rosano. Residual strength testing in pultruded FRP material under a variety of temperature cycles and values. Composite Structures. 2015; 133 ():458-475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalvatore Russo; Behzad Ghadimi; Krishna Lawania; Michele Rosano. 2015. "Residual strength testing in pultruded FRP material under a variety of temperature cycles and values." Composite Structures 133, no. : 458-475.
Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page.Excerpt The potential to convert a waste or previously unutilised material as a reusable material will be of increasing importance in the 21st century as we see burgeoning population growth put further pressure on the world’s finite resources and waste management options. This proposition alone will see increasing economic and environmental benefits gained from recycling activities. The essential decoupling of economic growth and the depletion of non-renewable resources is one of the most significant challenges for sustainable development over the next century. This challenge involves reducing the total consumption of raw materials as well as developing further impetus for recycling and reuse activities to meet the increasing demand for materials.
Michele Rosano. Welcome to the New Open-Access Journal—Recycling. Recycling 2015, 1, 1 -2.
AMA StyleMichele Rosano. Welcome to the New Open-Access Journal—Recycling. Recycling. 2015; 1 (1):1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Rosano. 2015. "Welcome to the New Open-Access Journal—Recycling." Recycling 1, no. 1: 1-2.