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Wahidul K. Biswas
Sustainable Engineering Group, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Effectively consumed plastic waste is an emerging technical and social issue for Australia. Adding plastic waste into construction material and ensuring minimised impact to the mechanical performance of the construction material could bring significant benefits. In this study, plastic waste material was mixed into cement-stabilised rammed earth (RE) material for brick manufacture. Techno framework consisting of compressive strength test and split tensile strength derivation for structural performance assessment and life cycle assessment for determining EE(EE) performance was applied to compare recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) added RE with conventional bricks. The compressive properties of different mixtures were studied. The replacement of conventional rock aggregates in stabilised RE brick with recycled plastic waste was found to improve the structural mechanical performance with the developed composition. Following this, an EE analysis was important to assess whether these waste-based bricks can improve environmental performance in a cost-competitive manner while maintaining structural performance. The increase of recycled HDPE in RE was found to likely affect the EE performance of RE, which could possibly be overcome by using less energy-intensive cementitious materials and recycled HDPE.

ACS Style

Wahidul Biswas; Xihong Zhang. Techno-Assessment of the Use of Recycled Plastic Waste in RE. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8678 .

AMA Style

Wahidul Biswas, Xihong Zhang. Techno-Assessment of the Use of Recycled Plastic Waste in RE. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wahidul Biswas; Xihong Zhang. 2021. "Techno-Assessment of the Use of Recycled Plastic Waste in RE." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8678.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Western Australia is an ideal location for wave energy conversion with some of the highest energy density waves in the world. Renewable energy technologies have had an emerging presence in Australia, seen as a vehicle to decarbonise energy generation and provide a sustainable future. This paper examines the environmental and economic feasibility of energy generation from wave energy conversion in Western Australia by undertaking an Eco-Efficiency Analysis (EEA). The environmental impacts of wave energy converters (WEC) were assessed by application of a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) while the economic performance considered the Life Cycle Costing (LCC). An eco-efficiency portfolio was developed to visualise the sustainability of coastal energy generation options – wave generation, offshore wind and diesel generation – finding that wave generation was the most eco-efficient option and could be deemed a sustainable energy generation technology. The LCA results were comparable to literature, validating the impact assessment. The proposed wave device was estimated to produce a global warming potential of 27.3 kg CO2 eq/MWh and have a levelised cost of energy at 134 $AUD/MWh. The environmental impact of the device was significantly lower than alternative coastal energy generation methods in Western Australia while the associated cost of energy remained competitive. This favourable assessment using the eco-efficiency framework confirmed that the application of WEC in Western Australia would be an eco-efficient option and that research should be undertaken to develop this technology as a key player in the transition to a sustainable energy industry.

ACS Style

Callum Burgess; Wahidul K. Biswas. Eco-efficiency assessment of wave energy conversion in Western Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 312, 127814 .

AMA Style

Callum Burgess, Wahidul K. Biswas. Eco-efficiency assessment of wave energy conversion in Western Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 312 ():127814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Callum Burgess; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2021. "Eco-efficiency assessment of wave energy conversion in Western Australia." Journal of Cleaner Production 312, no. : 127814.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Energies
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An environmental life cycle assessment was conducted to compare proposed municipal solid waste treatment systems with the existing system in Visakhapatnam, India. Five waste alternative treatment systems, including open dumping of municipal solid waste (S1), landfill without gas recovery [LFWGR] (S2), landfill with gas recovery (S3), anaerobic digestion + LFWGR (S4), and incineration + LFWGR (S5). EASETECHTM was considered for assessment using ReCiPE Midpoint (Heuristic) world environmental impact assessment method. Global warming potential (GWP), terrestrial acidification (TA), freshwater eutrophication (FEW), marine water eutrophication (ME), human toxicity (HTP), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), freshwater ecotoxicity (FWT), and marine ecotoxicity (MET) impacts were determined for each option. The existing MSW disposal practice in Visakhapatnam city (baseline scenario, S1) has the highest GWP (1107 kg CO2 eq.), which can potentially be reduced to 68.2%, 81.5%, 98.2%, and 94.5% by alternative waste management scenarios S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively. Scenario S4, involving the use of anaerobic digestion of food waste and residues dumped in engineered landfill without energy recovery was found to be the option with the highest mitigation potential of most of the impacts, and it contributes to significant environmental benefits in terms of ecological footprints in a low-income country such as India. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the reasonable legitimacy of data used for the determination of the impacts.

ACS Style

Venkata Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Brajesh Dubey. Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment. Energies 2021, 14, 3133 .

AMA Style

Venkata Cheela, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas, Brajesh Dubey. Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Venkata Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Brajesh Dubey. 2021. "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment." Energies 14, no. 11: 3133.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Abhijit Mistri; Navdeep Dhami; Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya; Sudhirkumar V. Barai; Abhijit Mukherjee; Wahidul K Biswas. Environmental implications of the use of bio-cement treated recycled aggregate in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 167, 1 .

AMA Style

Abhijit Mistri, Navdeep Dhami, Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, Sudhirkumar V. Barai, Abhijit Mukherjee, Wahidul K Biswas. Environmental implications of the use of bio-cement treated recycled aggregate in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 167 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abhijit Mistri; Navdeep Dhami; Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya; Sudhirkumar V. Barai; Abhijit Mukherjee; Wahidul K Biswas. 2021. "Environmental implications of the use of bio-cement treated recycled aggregate in concrete." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 167, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
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This paper presents the results of techno-economic and environmental performance of interlocking and conventional bricks used for building wall production. Techno eco-efficiency framework consisting of compressive strength test and tensile strength derivation for structural performance assessment and life cycle assessment for determining eco-efficiency performance was applied to determine the Eco-efficient bricks. The replacement of conventional plain bricks with interlocking blocks improved the structural mechanical performance. This construction strategy could substantially reduce construction time, minimize labour cost, and increase mechanical performance. The techno-eco-efficiency framework determined that four out of five interlocking bricks using PT tendon, rebar and mortar could deliver the required level of compressive and tensile strengths with reduced level of environmental impacts in a cost competitive manner. These interlocking bricks are thus known as ‘Eco-efficient’ bricks. However, the conventional bricks are not completely eco-efficient mainly due to higher environmental impacts than the interlocking bricks and they were only found to be eco-efficient in terms of tensile strengths.

ACS Style

Xihong Zhang; Wahidul K. Biswas. Development of eco-efficient bricks – A life cycle assessment approach. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 42, 102429 .

AMA Style

Xihong Zhang, Wahidul K. Biswas. Development of eco-efficient bricks – A life cycle assessment approach. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 42 ():102429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xihong Zhang; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2021. "Development of eco-efficient bricks – A life cycle assessment approach." Journal of Building Engineering 42, no. : 102429.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Environmental and Sustainability Indicators
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Sustainable building design should consider durability, affordability, resource conservation, intra and inter-generational social equity aspects, and stakeholder’s perspective throughout its service life. This research has applied life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) framework to estimate the sustainability performance in terms of a single score, and to identify avenues for sustainability improvement strategies of buildings. These case study buildings were modeled by taking into account the variation in building materials while maintaining architectural designs, covered area and location constant. The paper demonstrate the flexibility of this LCSA framework as all indicators are interlinked and any change or improvement in one or some indicators affects others positively and negatively. The sustainability objectives were assessed on an annual basis to capture the implications of the variation in the service life of buildings. Buildings made of recycled steel-framed roof, brick walls, and green concrete used in slab footing, showed higher sustainability performance among case study buildings. The use stage energy consumption and maintenance activities have been identified as the main hotspot. The cleaner production strategies (CPS) including product modification (double glazed window) and technology modification (rooftop solar photovoltaic panels, solar water heaters) were thus deemed appropriate to further reduce the use stage triple bottom line (TBL) impacts. These CPS have improved the sustainability performance of the case study buildings by 30–49%. The LCSA analysis confirms that the service life of buildings and their components have a significant bearing on the overall sustainability performance of residential buildings. However, the material selection at the design phase is crucial to building sustainability performance due to its durability and thermal properties. The longer service life of the building could result in more sustainable buildings only if service life of the non-structural components is aligned with service life of building to mitigate the maintenance activities.

ACS Style

Shahana Y. Janjua; Prabir K. Sarker; Wahidul K. Biswas. Sustainability implications of service life on residential buildings – An application of life cycle sustainability assessment framework. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 2021, 10, 100109 .

AMA Style

Shahana Y. Janjua, Prabir K. Sarker, Wahidul K. Biswas. Sustainability implications of service life on residential buildings – An application of life cycle sustainability assessment framework. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators. 2021; 10 ():100109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahana Y. Janjua; Prabir K. Sarker; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2021. "Sustainability implications of service life on residential buildings – An application of life cycle sustainability assessment framework." Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 10, no. : 100109.

Review
Published: 03 March 2021 in Buildings
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Pavements occupy about 40% of urban land cover, with 75–80% black top roads, playing a critical role in urban connectivity and mobility. Solar energy is absorbed and stored in pavements leading to an increase in surface temperatures. Decreasing green cover is further contributing to rise in regional temperatures. Due to this activity, the city experiences urban heat island (UHI). This study presents a critical review of the literature on mitigation measures to combat UHI using reflective pavements with an emphasis on durability properties and impacts of tree canopy. The strategies with a focus on application of chip seals, white toppings, and coatings were discussed. Role of surface reflectance, including those from asphalt and concrete pavements, albedo improvements, and technological trends, application of waste materials, and industrial by-products are presented. Also, urban tree shading systems’ contribution to pavement temperature and microclimate systems is presented. The review shows that the development of mitigation measures using tree shading systems can reduce the pavement temperature during daytime and increase human thermal comfort. The outcomes of this review provide a scope for future studies to develop sustainable and state-of-the-art engineering solutions in the field of reflective coatings and urban forest systems.

ACS Style

V. Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Prabir Sarker. Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies. Buildings 2021, 11, 93 .

AMA Style

V. Cheela, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas, Prabir Sarker. Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies. Buildings. 2021; 11 (3):93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Cheela; Michele John; Wahidul Biswas; Prabir Sarker. 2021. "Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies." Buildings 11, no. 3: 93.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Use of aggregates from recycled construction and demolition wastes in concretes alleviates the disposal problem and reduces the cost of concrete significantly. However, excessive water absorption, weak interfacial transition zone, and high porosity are its shortcomings. This study explores a bacterial cement and conventional cement slurry coating treatment on recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) for overcoming these shortcomings. In the first method, microbial carbonate precipitation (MCP) through bio-mineralization treatment has been utilized. Four different concretes were made using both control and treated aggregates. Once the performance of these concrete mixes was found adequate, a life cycle assessment was conducted using ISO14040–44 guideline to determine their environmental impacts. The experimental results confirmed that concrete with MCP treated aggregate offered better material performance than the untreated recycled aggregate based concrete mixes and possessed similar properties as natural aggregate concrete. While MCP process avoided the use of energy intensive cement, this research discovers that concrete with MCP treated aggregates was found to produce marginally higher environmental impacts than other concrete mixes mainly due to additional emissions associated with the bio-cement treatment of RCA. Further environmental mitigation strategies for concrete with MCP treated aggregates has considered to improve its environmental performance in terms of global warming impact and cumulative energy demand. This study demonstrates that the use of 100% RCA delivers significant environmental benefits in terms of ecological footprints, land conservation and biodiversity in a densely populated region like India.

ACS Style

Abhijit Mistri; Navdeep Dhami; Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya; Sudhirkumar V. Barai; Abhijit Mukherjee; Wahidul K Biswas. Environmental implications of the use of bio-cement treated recycled aggregate in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 167, 105436 .

AMA Style

Abhijit Mistri, Navdeep Dhami, Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, Sudhirkumar V. Barai, Abhijit Mukherjee, Wahidul K Biswas. Environmental implications of the use of bio-cement treated recycled aggregate in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 167 ():105436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abhijit Mistri; Navdeep Dhami; Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya; Sudhirkumar V. Barai; Abhijit Mukherjee; Wahidul K Biswas. 2021. "Environmental implications of the use of bio-cement treated recycled aggregate in concrete." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 167, no. : 105436.

Journal article
Published: 19 December 2020 in Journal of Building Engineering
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The construction industry has the potential to address negative impact on the environment by considered use of scarce natural resources, through a more informed choice of fit-for-purpose building materials. This paper presents a holistic life-cycle assessment (LCA) to facilitate the selection of environmentally friendly designs. Building on previous studies suggesting that engineers can reduce their environmental impact through conscious material selections and a substitution of traditional specifications, this work presents a case-study related to structural flooring systems in which a LCA approach for selecting the environmentally benign option, complements structural integrity design decisions. This study examined the life cycle environmental impacts associated with timber, steel and concrete structural flooring systems' options, for WA. ISO14040-44 guidelines were followed to carry out this ‘cradle to cradle’ LCA approach for calculating respective impacts. The comparisons of options using local benchmarks concluded that timber has the lowest environmental impacts followed by steel, and then ‘GreenStar’ concrete, with eco-classifications assessing the environmental impact of each flooring system for Perth WA across key environmental impacts categories and individual life cycle stages. This showed local hotspots in environmental categories of fossil fuel depletion and climate change and life cycle stages of mining to manufacture, construction and building operation. This research provides the reflection on what makes a sustainable design and, by targeting feasible solutions for WA, and by presenting the findings of a somewhat complex LCA analyses as a singular easy-to-use value, which addresses the need for enhanced materials awareness.

ACS Style

Grace Hahnel; Andrew Whyte; Wahidul K. Biswas. A comparative life cycle assessment of structural flooring systems in Western Australia. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 35, 102109 .

AMA Style

Grace Hahnel, Andrew Whyte, Wahidul K. Biswas. A comparative life cycle assessment of structural flooring systems in Western Australia. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 35 ():102109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grace Hahnel; Andrew Whyte; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2020. "A comparative life cycle assessment of structural flooring systems in Western Australia." Journal of Building Engineering 35, no. : 102109.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Journal of Energy and Power Technology
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ACS Style

Najmul Hoque; Wahidul Biswas; İlyas Mazhar; Ian Howard. Sustainability Implications of Using Hydrogen as an Automotive Fuel in Western Australia. Journal of Energy and Power Technology 2020, 2, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Najmul Hoque, Wahidul Biswas, İlyas Mazhar, Ian Howard. Sustainability Implications of Using Hydrogen as an Automotive Fuel in Western Australia. Journal of Energy and Power Technology. 2020; 2 (3):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Najmul Hoque; Wahidul Biswas; İlyas Mazhar; Ian Howard. 2020. "Sustainability Implications of Using Hydrogen as an Automotive Fuel in Western Australia." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 2, no. 3: 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Environmental obligation, fuel security, and human health issues have fuelled the search for locally produced sustainable transport fuels as an alternative to liquid petroleum. This study evaluates the sustainability performance of various alternative energy sources, namely, ethanol, electricity, electricity-gasoline hybrid, and hydrogen, for Western Australian road transport using a life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) framework. The framework employs 11 triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability indicators and uses threshold values for benchmarking sustainability practices. A number of improvement strategies were devised based on the hotspots once the alternative energy sources failed to meet the sustainability threshold for the determined indicators. The proposed framework effectively addresses the issue of interdependencies between the three pillars of sustainability, which was an inherent weakness of previous frameworks. The results show that the environment-friendly and socially sustainable energy options, namely, ethanol-gasoline blend E55, electricity, electricity-E10 hybrid, and hydrogen, would need around 0.02, 0.14, 0.10, and 0.71 AUD/VKT of financial support, respectively, to be comparable to gasoline. Among the four assessed options, hydrogen shows the best performance for the environmental and social bottom line when renewable electricity is employed for hydrogen production. The economic sustainability of hydrogen fuel is, however, uncertain at this stage due to the high cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs). The robustness of the proposed framework warrants its application in a wide range of alternative fuel assessment scenarios locally as well as globally.

ACS Style

Najmul Hoque; Wahidul Biswas; İlyas Mazhar; Ian Howard. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Sources for the Western Australian Transport Sector. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5565 .

AMA Style

Najmul Hoque, Wahidul Biswas, İlyas Mazhar, Ian Howard. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Sources for the Western Australian Transport Sector. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5565.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Najmul Hoque; Wahidul Biswas; İlyas Mazhar; Ian Howard. 2020. "Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Sources for the Western Australian Transport Sector." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5565.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in AIMS Environmental Science
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ACS Style

Nicola Lovecchio; Faiz Shaikh; Michele Rosano; Rosario Ceravolo; Wahidul Biswas. Environmental assessment of supplementary cementitious materials and engineered nanomaterials concrete. AIMS Environmental Science 2020, 7, 13 -30.

AMA Style

Nicola Lovecchio, Faiz Shaikh, Michele Rosano, Rosario Ceravolo, Wahidul Biswas. Environmental assessment of supplementary cementitious materials and engineered nanomaterials concrete. AIMS Environmental Science. 2020; 7 (1):13-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicola Lovecchio; Faiz Shaikh; Michele Rosano; Rosario Ceravolo; Wahidul Biswas. 2020. "Environmental assessment of supplementary cementitious materials and engineered nanomaterials concrete." AIMS Environmental Science 7, no. 1: 13-30.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2019 in Atmosphere
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Alternative fuels for the transport sector are being emphasized due to energy security and environmental issues. Possible alternative fuel options need to be assessed to realize their potential to alleviate environmental burdens before policy formulations. Western Australia (WA) is dominated by private cars, accounting for around 72% vehicles with 87% of those using imported gasoline, and resulting in approximately 14% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector. There is an urgent need for WA to consider alternative transport fuels not only to reduce the environmental burden but also to avoid future energy security consequences. This study assesses the environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) of transport fuel options suitable for WA. The study revealed that ethanol (E65), electric (EV) and plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) options can decrease global warming potential (GWP) by 40%, 29% and 14%, respectively, when compared to gasoline. The EV and PHEV also performed better than gasoline in the fossil fuel depletion (FFD) and water consumption (WC) impact categories. Gasoline, however, demonstrated better environmental performance in all the impact categories compared to hydrogen and that was mainly due to the high electricity requirement during the production of hydrogen. The use of platinum in hydrogen fuel cells and carbon fibre in the hydrogen tank for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) and Li-ion battery for EVs are the most important sources of environmental impacts. The findings of the study would aid the energy planners and decision makers in carrying out a comparative environmental assessment of the locally-sourced alternative fuels for WA.

ACS Style

Najmul Hoque; Wahidul Biswas; İlyas Mazhar; Ian Howard. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 398 .

AMA Style

Najmul Hoque, Wahidul Biswas, İlyas Mazhar, Ian Howard. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector. Atmosphere. 2019; 10 (7):398.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Najmul Hoque; Wahidul Biswas; İlyas Mazhar; Ian Howard. 2019. "Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector." Atmosphere 10, no. 7: 398.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2019 in Materials Today Sustainability
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Virgin natural aggregates (VNA) make up approximately 80-85% of the volume of concrete commonly used by Western Australian councils in their infrastructure. These councils generate a huge amount of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, most of which is sent to landfill. Whist C&D waste can potentially be used in pavements, only 22% of the total 1.5M tonnes of C&D waste generated in WA each year is recycled. Experimental tests conducted in the Civil Engineering Laboratory of Curtin University have confirmed that concrete mixes utilizing, recycled aggregates, fly ash & silica fume, are structurally sound. The experimental results have shown that these new concrete formulations can potentially be considered for higher compressive strength applications. Concrete containing a maximum of 100% C&D waste from aggregate has been found to exceed the compressive strength (i.e. 40 megapascal (MPa)) required for most structural applications. Importantly, the potential use of this new concrete in WA residential flooring could divert significant amounts of C&D waste from landfill. Life cycle assessment of these concrete mixes suggested that the mixes using 50% natural aggregates, 50% recycled aggregates and between 10% and 40% of by-products as cementitious materials have the highest reduction potential for Global Warming Impact and embodied energy due to their higher compressive strength. Between 14-21% of cumulative energy consumption, and 25-31% of global warming impacts could be avoided with the use of 50NA+50100RA+90OPC+10SF and 50NA+50RA+60OPC+30FA+10SF concrete formulations instead of 100NA (natural aggregate)+100OPC concrete to provide the same compressive strength. These two alternative mixes were found to reduce the cost by 7% to 18%. The recycling of unused C&D wastes could also provide new employment opportunities and significant improvements in resources conservation, including land and bio-diversity. Furthermore, between 90 -280 GWh energy can potentially be saved due to the replacement of energy intensive natural aggregates with different mixes of recycled aggregate concrete.

ACS Style

Faiz Uddin Ahmed Shaikh; Pradip Nath; Anwar Hosan; Michele John; Wahidul K. Biswas. Sustainability assessment of recycled aggregates concrete mixes containing industrial by-products. Materials Today Sustainability 2019, 5, 100013 .

AMA Style

Faiz Uddin Ahmed Shaikh, Pradip Nath, Anwar Hosan, Michele John, Wahidul K. Biswas. Sustainability assessment of recycled aggregates concrete mixes containing industrial by-products. Materials Today Sustainability. 2019; 5 ():100013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faiz Uddin Ahmed Shaikh; Pradip Nath; Anwar Hosan; Michele John; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2019. "Sustainability assessment of recycled aggregates concrete mixes containing industrial by-products." Materials Today Sustainability 5, no. : 100013.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2019 in Sustainability
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This paper presents the sustainability implications of installing biogas trapping systems in palm oil mills of a crude palm oil production supply chains in Malaysia. The study evaluates the impact of this mitigation strategy on the existing supply chains published by Lim and Biswas. The experience of a local palm oil mill installed with the KUBOTA biogas trapping system was incorporated into a typical 60 metric tonne per hour palm oil mill for effluent treatment. This allowed us to assess the changes in sustainability performance of the whole crude palm oil supply chain using the Palm Oil Sustainability Assessment (POSA) framework. Installing the biogas trapping system increased waste recycling and reuse percentage of the mill from 81.81% to 99.99% and the energy ratio (energy output/fossil fuel and biomass energy input) from 2.45 to 2.56; and reduced the Greenhouse Gas emission of the supply chain from 0.814 tonne CO2eq to 0.196 tonne CO2eq per tonne of Crude Palm Oil. This system could also potentially increase the mill’s annual revenue by 2.3%, while sacrificing the sustainability performance of other economic indicators (i.e., a further 3% negative deviation of actual growth rate from sustainable growth rate). Overall, sustainability score of the supply chain improved from 3.47/5 to 3.59/5 on the 5-level-Likert-scale due to environmental improvement strategy consideration. Finally, this paper shows that the POSA framework is capable of capturing changes in the sustainability performance of triple bottom line indicators associated with the use or incorporation of any improvement strategy in the crude palm oil supply chain.

ACS Style

Chye Ing Lim; Wahidul K. Biswas. Sustainability Implications of the Incorporation of a Biogas Trapping System into a Conventional Crude Palm Oil Supply Chain. Sustainability 2019, 11, 792 .

AMA Style

Chye Ing Lim, Wahidul K. Biswas. Sustainability Implications of the Incorporation of a Biogas Trapping System into a Conventional Crude Palm Oil Supply Chain. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):792.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chye Ing Lim; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2019. "Sustainability Implications of the Incorporation of a Biogas Trapping System into a Conventional Crude Palm Oil Supply Chain." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 792.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2019 in Buildings
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The environmental performance assessment of the building and construction sector has been in discussion due to the increasing demand of facilities and its impact on the environment. The life cycle studies carried out over the last decade have mostly used an approximate life span of a building without considering the building component replacement requirements and their service life. This limitation results in unreliable outcomes and a huge volume of materials going to landfill. This study was performed to develop a relationship between the service life of a building and building components, and their impact on environmental performance. Twelve building combinations were modelled by considering two types of roof frames, two types of wall and three types of footings. A reference building of a 50-year service life was used in comparisons. Firstly, the service life of the building and building components and the replacement intervals of building components during active service life were estimated. The environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) was carried out for all the buildings and results are presented on a yearly basis in order to study the impact of service life. The region-specific impact categories of cumulative energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption and land use are used to assess the environmental performance of buildings. The analysis shows that the environmental performance of buildings is affected by the service life of a building and the replacement intervals of building components.

ACS Style

Shahana Y. Janjua; Prabir K. Sarker; Wahidul K. Biswas. Impact of Service Life on the Environmental Performance of Buildings. Buildings 2019, 9, 9 .

AMA Style

Shahana Y. Janjua, Prabir K. Sarker, Wahidul K. Biswas. Impact of Service Life on the Environmental Performance of Buildings. Buildings. 2019; 9 (1):9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahana Y. Janjua; Prabir K. Sarker; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2019. "Impact of Service Life on the Environmental Performance of Buildings." Buildings 9, no. 1: 9.

Original paper
Published: 25 October 2018 in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
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The residential building sector regularly satisfies a diverse range of housing needs whilst addressing respective capital-cost considerations. Designers and builders must also be aware of the environmental implications of their design specifications; the work here adds to a body of knowledge concerned with carbon footprint and embodied energy demand, specifically through an examination of alternative roof-covering materials. A life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out, within a West Australian context, to compare impacts for the roof specification options of: clay tile; concrete tile; and sheet metal. In locations where recycling facilities are unavailable and thus disregarded, it is found that clay tiles have the lowest carbon footprint of 4.4 t of CO2 equivalent (CO2e-) and embodied energy demand of 52.7 Mega Joule (MJ) per 100 m2, while sheet-metal roofing has the highest carbon footprint (9.85 t of CO2e-), with concrete roof tiles having the highest embodied energy demand (83 MJ). Findings confirm that a sheet-metal roof can obtain significant carbon and embodied energy saving benefits (i.e. 71–73%) compared to clay tile or concrete roof covers through ongoing encouragement of recycling strategies and increased local recycling facilities able to embrace residual cradle-to-cradle material reuse.

ACS Style

Andy Binh Duong Le; Andrew Whyte; Wahidul K. Biswas. Carbon footprint and embodied energy assessment of roof-covering materials. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2018, 21, 1913 -1923.

AMA Style

Andy Binh Duong Le, Andrew Whyte, Wahidul K. Biswas. Carbon footprint and embodied energy assessment of roof-covering materials. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2018; 21 (10):1913-1923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andy Binh Duong Le; Andrew Whyte; Wahidul K. Biswas. 2018. "Carbon footprint and embodied energy assessment of roof-covering materials." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 21, no. 10: 1913-1923.

Research article
Published: 14 August 2018 in Sustainable Development
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The sustainability of production is one of the greatest challenges experienced by the Malaysian palm oil industry. Palm oil products consistently receive negative press and criticism, for causing deforestation, land use changes, peat land conversion, species loss, greenhouse gas emissions, biomass waste generation, violation of indigenous people's rights and limited local employment. This paper evaluates the sustainability of the most common crude palm oil supply chain in Malaysia, located in Sarawak, using the Palm Oil Sustainability Assessment (POSA) framework. The results show that the overall sustainability score for a typical crude palm oil supply chain in Malaysia is 3.47/5, which is below the sustainability target of 5/5. Hotspots identified include smallholder inequity, lack of biomass waste recycling and recovery, improper plantation practices, lower average wages and local employment. The site‐specific application of the POSA framework in the current study demonstrates its potential to be used universally across Malaysia.

ACS Style

Chye Ing Lim; Wahidul Biswas. Sustainability assessment for crude palm oil production in Malaysia using the palm oil sustainability assessment framework. Sustainable Development 2018, 27, 253 -269.

AMA Style

Chye Ing Lim, Wahidul Biswas. Sustainability assessment for crude palm oil production in Malaysia using the palm oil sustainability assessment framework. Sustainable Development. 2018; 27 (3):253-269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chye Ing Lim; Wahidul Biswas. 2018. "Sustainability assessment for crude palm oil production in Malaysia using the palm oil sustainability assessment framework." Sustainable Development 27, no. 3: 253-269.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2018 in Sustainable Materials and Technologies
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The Australian flexible road pavement network is experiencing a considerable degree of reveling and stripping damage in association with moisture. The next generation of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures in Australia needs to have excellent engineering properties as well as higher resistance to moisture damage. Hydrated lime (HL) with a relatively high content of active lime is used in HMA mixtures to improve engineering properties, and particularly to enhance the resistance of HMA mixture to moisture. HL is currently considered a superior mineral filler to crushed rock baghouse dust but it is commercially produced and relatively expensive. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is an industrial by-product which has hydrated lime HMA filler-like properties with similar fineness and a relatively high content of active lime. The lime components in LKD assists in promoting resistance to the stripping common in siliceous acidic aggregates. This project aims to determine an optimum proportion of LKD in an LKD-asphalt binder mixture, based on the properties of viscoelasticity and aggregate adhesion. Dynamic shear rheometer testing and rolling bottle tests were used to evaluate the properties of the LKD-asphalt binder mixtures with varying LKD content. The test results indicated that a 50% LKD content in the LKD-HMA binder mixture provided superior viscoelasticity properties., an acceptable adhesion of asphalt to aggregates was also observed. Last but not the least, a ‘cradle to gate’ life cycle assessment was carried out to capture the benefits of the use of LKD by-product. This showed that GHG emissions and embodied energy demand could potentially be reduced by 18.5% and 2.4%, respectively if a 50% LKD asphalt binder by mass mixture was used in the LKD-HMA mix.

ACS Style

Peerapong Jitsanigam; Wahidul K. Biswas; Martyn Compton. Sustainable utilization of lime kiln dust as active filler in hot mix asphalt with moisture damage resistance. Sustainable Materials and Technologies 2018, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Peerapong Jitsanigam, Wahidul K. Biswas, Martyn Compton. Sustainable utilization of lime kiln dust as active filler in hot mix asphalt with moisture damage resistance. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2018; 17 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peerapong Jitsanigam; Wahidul K. Biswas; Martyn Compton. 2018. "Sustainable utilization of lime kiln dust as active filler in hot mix asphalt with moisture damage resistance." Sustainable Materials and Technologies 17, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The conversion of by-products to resources is a novel approach for enhancing circular economy through increasing the lifecycle of resources, however, it does not always achieve sustainability outcomes. A life cycle assessment has been conducted to assess the economic and environmental implications of the conversion of phosphogypsum, which is a by-product from phosphoric acid manufacture, to useful resources such as paper and fertilizer. The current research found that the phosphogypsum based paper and fertilizer are neither environmentally nor economically better than conventional products due to the raw materials used that leads to higher environmental impact and economic cost. However, phosphogypsum based products offers some social benefits such as additional employment creation and enhanced intergenerational equity. Further investigation into chemical process design in terms of reagent selection for precipitation reactions is needed to achieve the economic and environmental feasibility of the products based on these by-products.

ACS Style

Feisal Mohammed; Wahidul K. Biswas; Hongmei Yao; Moses Tade. Sustainability assessment of symbiotic processes for the reuse of phosphogypsum. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 188, 497 -507.

AMA Style

Feisal Mohammed, Wahidul K. Biswas, Hongmei Yao, Moses Tade. Sustainability assessment of symbiotic processes for the reuse of phosphogypsum. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 188 ():497-507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feisal Mohammed; Wahidul K. Biswas; Hongmei Yao; Moses Tade. 2018. "Sustainability assessment of symbiotic processes for the reuse of phosphogypsum." Journal of Cleaner Production 188, no. : 497-507.