The rapid deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) in Jordan requires massive efforts to prepare the infrastructures that serve the transportation sector. The lack of EV charging stations is the major obstacle that faces EV drivers. Utilizing renewable energy in EV charging stations contributes to the spread of these stations. Renewable energy technologies are environmentally friendly as they mitigate greenhouse gases that cause the global warming phenomenon. In this paper, an EV charging station, based on a PV‐biodiesel‐battery hybrid system, is investigated. The importance of this article is to discuss the hybrid system of PV and waste vegetable oil (WVO) along with storage that applies the maximum reliability supply, having an environmentally friendly supply and achieving the lowest energy cost of charging. This station is designed based on renewable and WVO utilization. In fact, WVO, coming from restaurants, is exploited to produce electricity by a diesel generator through direct burning after converting it into biodiesel. The capacity of each station is 14 cars/day with a medium‐speed charger of 7 kW. The system is simulated and optimized using iHOGA software where multiobjective optimization is applied to achieve the minimum net present cost (NPC) and CO2 emissions considering three cases, PV‐diesel, PV‐biodiesel, and PV‐WVO, all with battery‐hybrid system. These values for the EV charging station that uses the PV‐biodiesel‐battery hybrid system are 624408 € and 15.4 tons/year, respectively. The corresponding values are 781473 € and 15.14 tons/year and 615310 € and 18.84 tons/year for the systems that work with diesel and WVO, respectively, and energy cost is achieved in best solution to be 0.11 Euro/kWh. Simulation results show that the proposed technique led to enhanced operational efficiency in terms of both NPC and annual CO2 emissions.
28 February 2025 in Journal of Environmental Engineering
Clean water scarcity in Jordan, particularly in its arid and semiarid regions, has reached critical levels, necessitating urgent sustainable solutions. This scarcity crisis is exacerbated by various factors such as population growth, climate change, and the influx of refugees. In response to this pressing issue, this study conducted an assessment of Jordan’s atmospheric water generation potential to investigate its feasibility. By implementing an atmospheric water generator (AWG) system, the study evaluated system efficiency, analyzed environmental factor correlations, and mapped Jordan’s potential for atmospheric water generation. The research systematically implemented an AWG system using vapor compression cycle (VCC) technology with R-22 refrigerant, powered by a photovoltaic (PV) system. Thorough data analysis was conducted, and an empirical model was developed through regression analysis to assess system performance and map potential water generation in Jordan. The results show that the AWG system produces 38.68 L/day at 1.94 kWh/L in humid conditions, 8.9 L/day at 2.8 kWh/L in drier conditions, and consumes 2.03 kWh/L on average. The map produced illustrates the varying potential for atmospheric water generation across Jordan, with values ranging from 1.75 to 3.12 kWh/L from north to south, reflecting the adaptability to diverse atmospheric conditions. These findings offer essential guidance for future research and implementation endeavors in Jordan, serving as a cornerstone for planning efficient water generation systems. The proposed AWG holds considerable promise as an adaptive solution for remote arid regions in Jordan that lack access to clean water. In areas such as Bedouin camps situated in arid landscapes and remote military outposts located in deserts or border regions, there is potential for these AWGs to provide consistent, sustainable, and clean water.