Purpose: Green or environmental human resource management (HRM) has in recent years attracted much attention from academia and practitioners all over the world. However, a thorough analysis of green or environmental HRM has not been made so far. To address this gap, the present study provides a systematic and comprehensive literature review. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to review Green HRM literature of various scopes, approaches and contexts; to identify different focus areas in the Green HRM literature; and to propose areas for future research. Design/methodology/approach: The paper follows a systematic literature review approach. The selected journal articles are categorized on the basis of five focus areas in the Green HRM derived from the extant literature. Findings: Research has grown significantly over the past 12 years that has focused on Green HRM. A total of 70 articles were reviewed and most of these articles employed quantitative method and were carried out in developing countries. Based on the five focus areas identified in this literature review, the performance outcome of Green HRM at both the organizational level and individual level received the greatest attention from the researchers. Research limitations/implications: This paper is limited to a review of academic articles obtainable from online databases, containing the words “Green human resource management”, “Green HRM”, “Green human resource”, “Environmental HRM”, “Green training” and “Environmental training” in the title. Additionally, only papers from high quality, peer-reviewed journals were evaluated. Other academic sources such as books and conference papers were not included in this study. Originality/value: The paper presents a structural overview of 70 peer-reviewed articles published in leading academic journals from 2007 until early 2019. This review provides an increased understanding of the existing state of current research, trends and future research directions in the Green HRM discipline.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between top management commitment, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and green human resource management (GHRM).Design/methodology/approach: A self-administered questionnaire was adopted to perform a systematic collection of data from manufacturing and service organisations in Malaysia. The partial least squares method was used for the conceptual framework of the study.Findings: The observed findings indicate a significant positive relationship between top management commitment and CSR, as well all dimensions of GHRM. However, counterintuitively, the relationship between CSR and GHRM was found not to be as significant as expected (except for CSR and green analysis/job description), which can be explained through the emerging perspective that CSR and HRM should be linked.Research limitations/implications: The findings provide insights as to the nature of GHRM and how it is affected by CSR and top management commitment in an emerging economy – in this particular study, Malaysia. Moreover, the observed results highlight the crucial importance of top management commitment in implementing GHRM practices and CSR efficiently in order to create positive environmental performance.Originality/value: The authors believe that, to date, no study has explored the links between top management commitment, CSR and GHRM using empirical data from Malaysia, as well as that this research is an important emerging topic for researchers, academicians and practitioners.

Purpose: Studies have highlighted concerns about the role of knowledge creation between human resource management practices and employee behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of green human resource management (green HRM) on employee green behaviour (EGB) through the mediation of environmental knowledge of lecturers in public research universities in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: This cross-sectional study examines the mechanism in which green HRM affects the EGB of lecturers through environmental knowledge in Malaysian public research universities. Smart PLS was used to analyse the relationships from 425 valid responses. Findings: The findings of the study show that green HRM affects EGB through the full mediation of environmental knowledge. This finding gives a theoretical implication in terms of ability, motivation and opportunity theory. Research limitations/implications: The scope of this study is limited to public research universities in Malaysia. Future studies may explore other variables that could expedite the relationship between green HRM and EGB. Implications include policy making that emphasises on enhancing environmental knowledge of lecturers. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has been conducted using environmental knowledge as a mediator between green HRM and EGB.

Previous studies have acknowledged the importance of resilience in enabling individuals to cope and bounce back from crises and unexpected situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study advances conservation of resources theory by investigating the job, social, and personal resources underlying employees’ resilience, and the impact of resilience in stimulating job engagement amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The model was tested using data collected from 259 employees in Malaysia. Results of path modeling analysis revealed significant impacts of self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, and family and friends’ support on employees’ resilience. Besides, resilience was significantly associated with job engagement. Our findings suggest that management concerns for employees may not enhance employees’ resilience amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, management could stimulate their employees’ resilience by providing them with the flexibility to spend quality time with their loved ones and adequate support for enabling working conditions.

The rapid degradation of today’s environment has required the governments and organizations to introduce effective countermeasures. Governments have enforced green policies, and organizations have drawn on these policies to implement environmentally friendly workplace practices. The success of these practices is very much dependent on the employees and the extent of their green behavior. As such, there is a need to determine whether green behavior can be positively influenced by other variables. One of the suggested influencing variables is green human resource management (HRM). Another variable with the potential mediating effect is personal moral norms (PMN). Also, there is a need to examine the interplay of green HRM, employee green behavior (EGB), and PMN within the context of higher education institutions (HEIs) as they also take responsibility for protecting the environment. It is believed that to date, studies of this nature have not involved academics at HEIs in Malaysia. This study aims to examine the mechanism by which green HRM affects EGB of academics at Malaysian HEIs through PMN as mediator. Data were collected through a cross-sectional quantitative survey among 425 academics at five research universities in Malaysia. The analysis was performed using Smart PLS version 3.2.8. There was a positive significant relationship between green HRM and PMN and a positive significant relationship between PMN and EGB. Hence, green HRM had an effect on EGB through the mediating role of PMN. However, there was no significant direct relationship between green HRM and EGB. Other studies have investigated the effects of several mediating variables in the relationship between green HRM and EGB; however, the effect of one variable—PMN—has not been examined. This study, as it investigates the vital aspect of behavioral formation, is believed to be the first study that examines the mediating role of PMN in the interplay between green HRM and EGB of academics. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this study.