Individuals who suffer from suicidal ideation frequently express their views and ideas on social media. Thus, several studies found that people who are contemplating suicide can be identified by analyzing social media posts. However, finding and comprehending patterns of suicidal ideation represent a challenging task. Therefore, it is essential to develop a machine learning system for automated early detection of suicidal ideation or any abrupt changes in a user’s behavior by analyzing his or her posts on social media. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on experimental research for building a suicidal ideation detection system using publicly available Reddit datasets, word-embedding approaches, such as TF-IDF and Word2Vec, for text representation, and hybrid deep learning and machine learning algorithms for classification. A convolutional neural network and Bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN–BiLSTM) model and the machine learning XGBoost model were used to classify social posts as suicidal or non-suicidal using textual and LIWC-22-based features by conducting two experiments. To assess the models’ performance, we used the standard metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores. A comparison of the test results showed that when using textual features, the CNN–BiLSTM model outperformed the XGBoost model, achieving 95% suicidal ideation detection accuracy, compared with the latter’s 91.5% accuracy. Conversely, when using LIWC features, XGBoost showed better performance than CNN–BiLSTM.

This paper investigated the influence of entrepreneurial competency and financial literacy on sustainable small enterprise performance. We simultaneously investigated the mediating role of entrepreneurial resilience on the association between competence and financial literacy with sustainable business performance. We used a quantitative method for collecting data from 220 small business entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia using an online questionnaire. The collected data were analysed with the help of PLS-SEM. The results reveal that financial literacy significantly positively affects entrepreneurial competency and resilience. Entrepreneurial competency has a significant positive effect on Saudi SMEs’ entrepreneurial resilience and sustainable performance. Finally, entrepreneurial resilience was simultaneously found to have a considerable impact on sustainable performance while mediating the effect of financial literacy and competency on sustainable performance across Saudi SMEs. In line with Saudi Vision 2030, with its profound focus on entrepreneurship and developing a financially independent entrepreneurial community, this research contributes to creating economic opportunities for local entrepreneurs managing small enterprises. Apart from extending the body of knowledge, this research can support policymakers in formulating relevant strategies to encourage SMEs that have been worst hit by the COVID-19 pandemic to perform sustainably. Several other implications for financial institutions and entrepreneurs have also been drawn.

This study examined the impact of social influence, i.e., parents and peers, on the level of financial literacy among Saudi young adults (students). It also assessed the effect of financial literacy on the development of saving behaviour and the role of self-control as a moderator in the relationship between financial literacy and saving behaviour among the same respondents. The study’s sample included 270 respondents (male and female) from an applied college affiliated with King Faisal University. The study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis and interpretation. Some intriguing findings were generated. It was discovered that the influence of both parents and peers can positively predict financial literacy. Furthermore, financial literacy can positively impact young people’s saving habits. One surprising finding was that self-control negatively moderated the relationship between financial literacy and saving behaviour. Self-control was found to dampen the ties between Saudi young people’s financial literacy and saving behaviour.

The stiff competition in the market, and continuous pressures from various stakeholders such as customers, business owners, environmental authorities, and society, in general, to produce unique products and services, protect the environment, and obtain competitive advantage continue to challenge the sustainability of enterprises in the market, especially the small ones. Accordingly, to minimize the effect of these challenges and pressures, small enterprises can improve their performance by directing their practices and processes towards developing innovative products and services that can help obtain a competitive advantage, protect the environment and better market share. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the necessary antecedents contributing to developing innovative green products and services among small enterprises in Saudi Arabia. The study targeted a sample of 284 small entrepreneurs across various regions of Saudi Arabia. The responses were collected with a convenience sample through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that both green entrepreneurial self-efficacy (GESE) and green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) have a positive relationship with green innovation (GI). The findings also reported that GI mediates the relationship between GESE, GEO and economic performance (EP).

This study explored the impact of financial literacy (financial awareness) on potential entrepreneurs' intent in Saudi Arabia. It also examined saving behavior as a mediator in the relationship between financial literacy and entrepreneurial intention. The study's data were collected by an online questionnaire sent to a sample of 270 potential entrepreneurs at Abqaiq Applied College, affiliated with King Faisal University. Data analysis was done using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). According to the findings, there is no direct relationship between financial literacy and entrepreneurial intent. However, it has been reported that saving behavior can mediate between financial literacy and entrepreneurial intent.

Financial literacy has gained much attention amongst scholars, policymakers and other stakeholders due to its role in backing up investment decisions, improving personal financial management and increasing financial wellbeing. This study examines the influence of financial literacy on investment decisions with the moderating effect of the overconfidence behavioural bias. Data were collected from 180 respondents in Saudi Arabia using a questionnaire, and a convenience sampling technique was applied. The study’s findings were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. It was found that financial literacy positively and significantly influenced investment decisions. Moreover, the results show that overconfidence positively affected investment decisions and that the relationship between financial literacy and investment decisions was positively and significantly moderated by overconfidence.