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Fazal Ali Syed
Faculty of Business Administration, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

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Research article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective
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In this article, we report a study undertaken to measure the effects of selected competency dimensions on the microenterprise sustainability in Malaysia under the premise of the resource-based view (RBV). We adopted a cross sectional approach. Quantitative data were collected from 300 micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia who were selected using a random sampling technique. Commitment, conceptual, opportunity recognizing, organizing and relationship competencies had significant positive impacts on microenterprise sustainability. The empirical evidence forwarded in this article extends the current micro-entrepreneurship literature in Malaysia and recommends that relevant policy measures need to be enforced for improving microenterprise sustainability based on key entrepreneurial competencies.

ACS Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Abdullah Al Mamun; Ghazali Bin Ahmad; Sayed Samer Ali Al-Shami. Entrepreneurial Competencies and Microenterprises Sustainability. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Syed Ali Fazal, Abdullah Al Mamun, Ghazali Bin Ahmad, Sayed Samer Ali Al-Shami. Entrepreneurial Competencies and Microenterprises Sustainability. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Abdullah Al Mamun; Ghazali Bin Ahmad; Sayed Samer Ali Al-Shami. 2021. "Entrepreneurial Competencies and Microenterprises Sustainability." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Socio-Economic Planning Sciences
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Even though development organizations provide access to working capital and enterprise development training, they often fail to improve the socio-economic condition of low-income households. One of the factors contributing to the failure of development programs is their lack of capacity to measure the entrepreneurial potentials among the low-income participants. This study focused on the development of an entrepreneurial index that measures the entrepreneurial potentials among low-income households. Adopting a cross-sectional design, a total of 403 micro-entrepreneurs were approached from the list provided by ‘Majlis Amanah Rakyat’ and ‘Majlis Agama Islam Dan Adat Istiadat’, Kelantan. This study used formative hierarchial model to determine the local and global weights for all the items used to develop the index. Further, the nomological validity revealed a positive effect of entrepreneurial index on entrepreneurial competency, enterprise performance, and enterprise sustainability.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Ramayah Thurasamy; Syed Ali Fazal. Entrepreneurial index for low-income households in Malaysia. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 2021, 77, 101013 .

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Ramayah Thurasamy, Syed Ali Fazal. Entrepreneurial index for low-income households in Malaysia. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 2021; 77 ():101013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Ramayah Thurasamy; Syed Ali Fazal. 2021. "Entrepreneurial index for low-income households in Malaysia." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 77, no. : 101013.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2020 in Sustainability
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In acknowledging the significant role of forestry on the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of local communities, this study focused on examining how different factors affect the intentional behavior towards community forestry among the poor households in Malaysia. Employing theory of planned behavior (TPB) in an expanded model, this study collected data from 420 underprivileged households from 10 states in Malaysia using a survey questionnaire. Final analysis is performed using two methods, one being the well-established, conventional way of partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM); the other being a frontier technology of computing using artificial neural network (ANN), which is generated through a deep learning algorithm to achieve the maximum possible accuracy for each of the five scenarios aforementioned. The study found that perceived benefits (PB) and eco-literacy (EL) have a significant positive effect on the attitude towards environment (ATE) while normative belief (NB) and motivation (MO) have a significant positive effect on subjective norms (SUN). Perceived control (PC) has a significant positive effect on perceived behavioral control (PBC). ATE, SUN, and PBC have a significant positive effect on the intention towards community forestry (ITCF), whereas the ITCF has a significant positive effect on community forestry adoption behavior (CFAB). When formulating and enforcing carbon reduction and poverty elevating programs through community forestry, the Malaysian government should consider the perceptions of poor families and the prerogative from their special reference groups to enhance the perceived ability of the vulnerable groups for positive and effective pro-environmental behavior that can lead to sustainable forestry management.

ACS Style

Abdullah Mamun; Syed Fazal; Muhammad Masud; Ganeshsree Selvachandran; Noor Zainol; Quek Gai. The Underlying Drivers of Underprivileged Households’ Intention and Behavior towards Community Forestry Management: A Study Using Structural Equation Modelling and Artificial Neural Network Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7330 .

AMA Style

Abdullah Mamun, Syed Fazal, Muhammad Masud, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Noor Zainol, Quek Gai. The Underlying Drivers of Underprivileged Households’ Intention and Behavior towards Community Forestry Management: A Study Using Structural Equation Modelling and Artificial Neural Network Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Mamun; Syed Fazal; Muhammad Masud; Ganeshsree Selvachandran; Noor Zainol; Quek Gai. 2020. "The Underlying Drivers of Underprivileged Households’ Intention and Behavior towards Community Forestry Management: A Study Using Structural Equation Modelling and Artificial Neural Network Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7330.

Research article
Published: 19 July 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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In an attempt to mitigate the effects of extreme natural events caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs), a significant number of researchers and environmentalists have repeatedly stressed the importance of implementing protective measures, including the promotion of green consumption. This study examined the elements that motivated the willingness and the practice of green behavior (GB) among low-income households in coastal Peninsular Malaysia. To meet the research objectives, this study adopted the survey questionnaire method to collect data from 380 low-income households. The findings revealed that self-efficacy (SE) and environmental concerns (EC) have statistically significant effects on the attitude toward green products (ATT), while subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) have influence on the intention of green vehicles. Eventually, the study discovered the effects of the intention to adopt green vehicle on green vehicle adoption behavior. Hence, the findings of this study provide new insights for policymakers in Malaysia to place more emphasis on improving consumer attitudes, social standards, and PBC, which will ultimately contribute to the adoption of environment-friendly vehicles. In addition, car manufacturers should support this program by designing products and options that would encourage those in the low-income group to replace their conventional vehicles with green alternatives in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Muhammad Mehedi Masud; Syed Ali Fazal; Rajennd Muniady. Green vehicle adoption behavior among low-income households: evidence from coastal Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 27305 -27318.

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Muhammad Mehedi Masud, Syed Ali Fazal, Rajennd Muniady. Green vehicle adoption behavior among low-income households: evidence from coastal Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (26):27305-27318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Muhammad Mehedi Masud; Syed Ali Fazal; Rajennd Muniady. 2019. "Green vehicle adoption behavior among low-income households: evidence from coastal Malaysia." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 26: 27305-27318.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2019 in Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
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Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial skills, market orientation, sales orientations and networking on entrepreneurial competency and performance of micro-enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a cross-sectional design, this paper collected data through structured interviews from 403 micro-entrepreneurs from “Majlis Amanah Rakyat,” Kelantan and “Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat,” Kelantan. Findings The findings reveal that entrepreneurial skills, market orientation and networking have a positive effect on entrepreneurial competency. Then, entrepreneurial competency, entrepreneurial skills and networking have a positive effect on enterprise performance. The findings show a significant mediation effect of entrepreneurial competency on the relationships between entrepreneurial skills, market orientation and networking and enterprise performance. Originality/value Addressing the understudied “human factor” in entrepreneurship, this paper extends the resource-based view and enriches the existing entrepreneurship literature in Malaysia. It provides useful insights into the improvement of micro-enterprise performance, which is crucial for promoting entrepreneurial activities and for enhancing socio-economic conditions among low-income households in Malaysia. Thus, the government and developmental organizations should focus on the development of entrepreneurial skills, market-oriented approach, networking traits and entrepreneurial competencies and subsequently encourage poor households to perform entrepreneurial activities.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Syed Ali Fazal; Rajennd Muniady. Entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, competencies and performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2019, 13, 29 -48.

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Syed Ali Fazal, Rajennd Muniady. Entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, competencies and performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 2019; 13 (1):29-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Syed Ali Fazal; Rajennd Muniady. 2019. "Entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, competencies and performance." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 13, no. 1: 29-48.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2018 in Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
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Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of creativity and innovativeness, risk taking propensity, proactiveness and autonomy on entrepreneurial competency and performance among micro-enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a cross-sectional design, the authors collected data from 403 micro-entrepreneurs who were registered under “Majlis Amanah Rakyat” and “Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat”. Quantitative data were collected through structured interviews from September 2017 to December 2017. Findings The findings revealed that creativity and innovativeness, proactiveness and autonomy had a positive influence on entrepreneurial competencies. In addition, autonomy and entrepreneurial competencies had a positive effect on micro-enterprise performance. Then, entrepreneurial competencies showed a mediating effect on the relationships between creativity, innovativeness, autonomy and micro-enterprise performance. Originality/value The findings contributed to resource-based view and enriched the entrepreneurship literature, particularly in the context of small businesses in emerging economies. This study recommended underlying organizations to pay attention to the improvement of creativity and innovativeness, proactiveness, autonomy and entrepreneurial competencies among low-income entrepreneurs through useful policies and training programs, which were expected to improve micro-enterprise performance and encourage poor households to perform entrepreneurial activities for better socio-economic conditions.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Syed Ali Fazal. Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competency and micro-enterprise performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2018, 12, 379 -398.

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Syed Ali Fazal. Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competency and micro-enterprise performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 2018; 12 (3):379-398.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Syed Ali Fazal. 2018. "Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competency and micro-enterprise performance." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 12, no. 3: 379-398.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2018 in Sustainability
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To improve our knowledge of how to protect the environment, this study examined the factors that influence recycling intention and behavior among low-income households. The study adopted a cross-sectional design that relied on 380 low-income households who live in coastal Peninsular Malaysia. The findings revealed a positive effect of eco-literacy, environmental concern, and self-efficacy on the attitude towards environmentally friendly products. Subsequently, the findings also illustrated a positive effect of normative beliefs on subjective norms. Moreover, the results revealed a positive effect of attitude towards environmentally friendly products and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on recycling intention. Finally, there was a positive effect of both PBC and recycling intention on recycling behavior. Although this study’s focus on a specific income group from a single country could limit generalizability; the findings nevertheless provide scholars and policymakers with significant insights into promoting recycling activities, which are expected to contribute to the environment and reduce the environmental and economic vulnerability among low-income households. Therefore, environmental and socio-economic development organizations should assess the feasibility of recycling materials and develop a supportive system that facilitates and encourages recycling activities.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Muhammad Mohiuddin; Ghazali Bin Ahmad; Ramayah Thurasamy; Syed Ali Fazal. Recycling Intention and Behavior among Low-Income Households. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2407 .

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Muhammad Mohiuddin, Ghazali Bin Ahmad, Ramayah Thurasamy, Syed Ali Fazal. Recycling Intention and Behavior among Low-Income Households. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Muhammad Mohiuddin; Ghazali Bin Ahmad; Ramayah Thurasamy; Syed Ali Fazal. 2018. "Recycling Intention and Behavior among Low-Income Households." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2407.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2018 in Sustainability
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This study probed into the impact of entrepreneurial leadership dimensions (i.e., responsibility, accountability, analytical thinking, and emotional intelligence) on the performance and sustainability of micro-enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia, through the lens of resource-based view (RBV) theory. Through the implementation of a cross-sectional design, data were randomly gathered from 403 micro-entrepreneurs whose names appeared in the list of low-income households registered under “Majlis Amanah Rakyat” Kelantan and “Majlis Agama Islam Dan Adat Istiadat” Kelantan. The quantitative data were collected during structured interview sessions held between September and December 2017. The findings of the study revealed that the aspects of responsibility, accountability, and emotional intelligence exhibited significantly positive effects on micro-enterprise performance; while accountability, analytical thinking, and micro-enterprise performance displayed a significantly positive influence on sustainability among micro-enterprises owned by low-income households in Kelantan, Malaysia. The outcomes further portrayed a significant mediating effect of micro-enterprise performance on the correlations of responsibility, analytical thinking, and emotional intelligence with micro-enterprise sustainability. The outcomes of this study extend the scope of RBV theory and simultaneously enhance our understanding pertaining to leadership, performance, and sustainability interplay, particularly within the context of micro-enterprises in emerging economies. As such, it is recommended that the government of Malaysia formulate and to adopt policies that promote varied entrepreneurial-leadership-related traits among budding micro-entrepreneurs, which may not only boost sustainability performance among firms, but also encourage low-income household heads to actively engage in more entrepreneurial activities.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim; Mohd Nor Hakimin Bin Yusoff; Syed Ali Fazal. Entrepreneurial Leadership, Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Enterprises in Malaysia. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1591 .

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim, Mohd Nor Hakimin Bin Yusoff, Syed Ali Fazal. Entrepreneurial Leadership, Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Enterprises in Malaysia. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim; Mohd Nor Hakimin Bin Yusoff; Syed Ali Fazal. 2018. "Entrepreneurial Leadership, Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Enterprises in Malaysia." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1591.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2018 in Sustainability
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Environmental awareness and changing attitudes toward “green consumption” are becoming evident in emerging countries’ markets. Using an extended theory of planned behavior, this paper aims to examine emerging countries’ business students’ intentions to purchase green vehicles. Stratified random sampling was used to select study participants, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results revealed that environmental knowledge and awareness have a significant influence on business students’ favorable attitudes toward green vehicles. Further, a significant association between attitudes toward green vehicles, perceived behavioral controls, and intentions to purchase green vehicles was observed. Findings serve to inform managers and policy makers who are formulating strategies for maximizing value creation in an era of increasingly environmentally aware consumers in emerging markets. Ultimately, this policy will help to promote green technology initiatives, and encourage higher rates of adoption of eco-friendly vehicles in emerging countries.

ACS Style

Muhammad Mohiuddin; Abdullah Al Mamun; Fazal Ali Syed; Muhammad Mehedi Masud; Zhan Su. Environmental Knowledge, Awareness, and Business School Students’ Intentions to Purchase Green Vehicles in Emerging Countries. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1534 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Mohiuddin, Abdullah Al Mamun, Fazal Ali Syed, Muhammad Mehedi Masud, Zhan Su. Environmental Knowledge, Awareness, and Business School Students’ Intentions to Purchase Green Vehicles in Emerging Countries. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1534.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Mohiuddin; Abdullah Al Mamun; Fazal Ali Syed; Muhammad Mehedi Masud; Zhan Su. 2018. "Environmental Knowledge, Awareness, and Business School Students’ Intentions to Purchase Green Vehicles in Emerging Countries." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1534.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2018 in Sustainability
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In an attempt to promote the mass consumption of environmentally friendly products in Malaysia, this study presents an investigation of the effects of several selected factors upon willingness to pay and purchase behavior of environmental-friendly products. This study employed a cross-sectional design, in which quantitative data were gathered from a total of 380 low-income household heads from 38 coastal districts in Peninsular Malaysia. The outcomes of this study revealed the positively significant effects of eco-literacy and environmental concern upon attitudes towards environmental-friendly products; normative beliefs and perceived behavioral control on willingness to pay for environmental-friendly products; as well as willingness to pay for environmental-friendly products and perceived behavioral control on payment behavior for environmental-friendly products, among low-income households in coastal Peninsular Malaysia. Programs and policies should therefore focus on promoting environmental awareness and knowledge concerning the relative advantages that are expected to improve willingness among consumers to pay for environmentally friendly products.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Syed Ali Fazal; Ghazali Bin Ahmad; Mohd Rafi Bin Yaacob; Mohd. Rosli Mohamad. Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Friendly Products among Low-Income Households along Coastal Peninsular Malaysia. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1316 .

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Syed Ali Fazal, Ghazali Bin Ahmad, Mohd Rafi Bin Yaacob, Mohd. Rosli Mohamad. Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Friendly Products among Low-Income Households along Coastal Peninsular Malaysia. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Syed Ali Fazal; Ghazali Bin Ahmad; Mohd Rafi Bin Yaacob; Mohd. Rosli Mohamad. 2018. "Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Friendly Products among Low-Income Households along Coastal Peninsular Malaysia." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1316.

Review
Published: 13 February 2018 in Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
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Background and Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a predominant inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The incidence and prevalence of RA is increasing with considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology of RA has become clearer due to many significant research outputs during the last two decades. Many inflammatory cytokines involved in RA pathophysiology and the presence of autoantibodies are being used as potential biomarkers via the use of effective diagnostic techniques for the early diagnosis of RA. Currently, several disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are being prescribed targeting RA pathophysiology, which have shown significant contributions in improving the disease outcomes. Discussion: Even though innovations in treatment strategies and monitoring are helping the patients to achieve early and sustained clinical and radiographic remission, the high cost of drugs and limited health care budgets are restricting the easy access of RA treatment. Both direct and indirect high cost of treatment are creating economic burden for the patients and affecting their quality of life. Conclusion: The aim of this review is to describe the updated concept of RA pathophysiology and highlight current diagnostic tools used for the early detection as well as prognosis - targeting several biomarkers of RA. Additionally, we explored the updated treatment options with side effects besides discussing the global economic burden.

ACS Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Mohammad Khan; Shamima Easmin Nishi; Fahmida Alam; Nowshin Zarin; Mohammad T. Bari; Ghulam Md Ashraf. A Clinical Update and Global Economic Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2018, 18, 98 -109.

AMA Style

Syed Ali Fazal, Mohammad Khan, Shamima Easmin Nishi, Fahmida Alam, Nowshin Zarin, Mohammad T. Bari, Ghulam Md Ashraf. A Clinical Update and Global Economic Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets. 2018; 18 (2):98-109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Mohammad Khan; Shamima Easmin Nishi; Fahmida Alam; Nowshin Zarin; Mohammad T. Bari; Ghulam Md Ashraf. 2018. "A Clinical Update and Global Economic Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 18, no. 2: 98-109.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2018 in Management Research Review
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This study examines the effect of entrepreneurial and market orientations on consumer engagement, and the performance of manufacturing SMEs under the premise of the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. This study adopts a cross-sectional design, and quantitative data was collected from 360 manufacturing SMEs in Peninsular Malaysia. SMEs were selected using a stratified multi-stage sampling method from a total of 37,861 manufacturing SMEs. The respondents were selected from Selangor, Johor, Penang, Perak, Kelantan and Terengganu, as these states make up the majority (79%) of the manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia. Entrepreneurial and market orientations have statistically significant positive effects on consumer engagement. Consumer engagement in turn positively affects the performance of manufacturing SMEs in Peninsular Malaysia. Findings also revealed a partial mediation of consumer engagement, between entrepreneurial and market orientations on performance. A larger sample size may improve the generalizability of the findings. Managers may be able to apply the findings of this paper in developing strategies for their manufacturing SMEs; specifically, by focusing on entrepreneurial and market orientation, in order to raise consumer engagement and the improve the overall performances of their SMEs. This study focuses on manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia, an emerging country with conditions unique to other industrialized countries. This study aims to demonstrate that integrated entrepreneurial and market orientations have significant effects on SMEs’ performance. This relationship could be mediated by consumer engagement. Specifically, consumer orientation may influence the effect of entrepreneurial and market orientations on overall firm performance.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Muhammad Mohiuddin; Syed Ali Fazal; Ghazali Bin Ahmad. Effect of entrepreneurial and market orientation on consumer engagement and performance of manufacturing SMEs. Management Research Review 2018, 41, 133 -147.

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Muhammad Mohiuddin, Syed Ali Fazal, Ghazali Bin Ahmad. Effect of entrepreneurial and market orientation on consumer engagement and performance of manufacturing SMEs. Management Research Review. 2018; 41 (1):133-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Muhammad Mohiuddin; Syed Ali Fazal; Ghazali Bin Ahmad. 2018. "Effect of entrepreneurial and market orientation on consumer engagement and performance of manufacturing SMEs." Management Research Review 41, no. 1: 133-147.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2017 in Multinational Business Review
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Under the premise of resource-based view (RBV), this study aims to examine the influence of host-country characteristics (i.e. market environment, cultural factors, government policies and absorptive capacity) on improved knowledge acquired by means of intra-firm technology transfer and the latter’s subsequent effect on corporate sustainability among subsidiaries of foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) in Malaysia. The following study adopted a cross-sectional design. Quantitative data were collected through structured interview from the representatives of selected 252 subsidiaries of foreign-based MNCs located in Peninsular Malaysia. The findings of this study revealed that market environment, government policies and absorptive capacity significantly affect the adoption of innovative knowledge, which also has a significant positive effect on corporate sustainability. The findings also revealed a partial mediation of improved knowledge between market environment, government policies and absorptive capacity on corporate sustainability. This study recommends that the host country should formulate and adopt trade and FDI friendly policies, as well as stricter intellectual property laws, and, at the same time, provide higher education and training to its citizens to maximize foreign investment and knowledge transfer. Apart from highlighting the under-researched issue of organizational sustainability, this study is unique in its approach of connecting the external environment of the host country with the internal knowledge of the firm and corporate sustainability in a single framework. The empirical findings of this study support the hypothesized relationships and thereby extend the scope of the contingency theory and RBV in addition to simultaneously enriching the existing intra-firm knowledge management literature, particularly in the Malaysian context.

ACS Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Abdullah Al Mamun; Sazali Abdul Wahab; Muhammad Mohiuddin. Host-country characteristics, corporate sustainability, and the mediating effect of improved knowledge. Multinational Business Review 2017, 25, 328 -349.

AMA Style

Syed Ali Fazal, Abdullah Al Mamun, Sazali Abdul Wahab, Muhammad Mohiuddin. Host-country characteristics, corporate sustainability, and the mediating effect of improved knowledge. Multinational Business Review. 2017; 25 (4):328-349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Abdullah Al Mamun; Sazali Abdul Wahab; Muhammad Mohiuddin. 2017. "Host-country characteristics, corporate sustainability, and the mediating effect of improved knowledge." Multinational Business Review 25, no. 4: 328-349.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Advanced Science Letters
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In Malaysia, 58 percent of online businesses do not track the effect of social media on their performance, indicating a lack of understanding of the potential of social media as a business platform. This study therefore focused on the factors (i.e., performance expectancy, perceived trust, perceived risk, facilitating condition, and perceived enjoyment) contributing to the depth of social media usage as a business platform among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia under the premise of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). This study adopted a cross-sectional design and quantitative data was collected from 300 selected respondents listed as student entrepreneurs at the Entrepreneurship Centres in all public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. Findings of this study revealed that perceived risk, perceived trust, and facilitating conditions have a significant effect on the depth of social media usage as a business platform among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Findings also reported the significant moderating effect of effort expectancy between perceived risk and facilitating conditions on the depth of social media usage. In order to promote entrepreneurial activities among the young student entrepreneurs using social media as a platform, programs and policies should be focused on improving cyber securities and facilitating conditions. Moreover, a common platform for young entrepreneurs operating online with certain types of product verification and security issues addressed adequately could significantly increase students’ entrepreneurial activities using social media in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir; Noorshella Che Nawi; Abdullah Al Mamun; Noorlisa Maria Bt A. Hamid Shokery; Syed Ali Fazal; Nursalihah Binti Ahmad Raston. Examining the Issues Influencing the Depth of Social Media Usage as a Business Platform Among Student Entrepreneurs. Advanced Science Letters 2017, 23, 8210 -8217.

AMA Style

Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir, Noorshella Che Nawi, Abdullah Al Mamun, Noorlisa Maria Bt A. Hamid Shokery, Syed Ali Fazal, Nursalihah Binti Ahmad Raston. Examining the Issues Influencing the Depth of Social Media Usage as a Business Platform Among Student Entrepreneurs. Advanced Science Letters. 2017; 23 (9):8210-8217.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir; Noorshella Che Nawi; Abdullah Al Mamun; Noorlisa Maria Bt A. Hamid Shokery; Syed Ali Fazal; Nursalihah Binti Ahmad Raston. 2017. "Examining the Issues Influencing the Depth of Social Media Usage as a Business Platform Among Student Entrepreneurs." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 9: 8210-8217.

Original and applied research
Published: 10 July 2017 in Journal of Education for Business
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Intention, as the starting point of pursuing self-employment and creating new ventures, is crucial before actually establishing a business enterprise. Entrepreneurship is understood to be an essential ingredient for enhancing a country's economic competitiveness, growth, and sustainability while confronting the escalating challenges of globalization, such as increasing unemployment. This study provides empirical evidence on the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and startup preparations among university students in Malaysia. The findings provide scholars and academic policymakers with insights into the effectiveness of Malaysia's entrepreneurial education as designed and practiced by public universities. The Malaysian government should apply these findings to fortify existing policies and programs and formulate new ones to support graduate entrepreneurs, while universities and other higher education institutions should provide high-quality entrepreneurial courses and programs to young Malaysians to foster an inclination toward entrepreneurship.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Noorshella Binti Che Nawi; Muhammad Mohiuddin; Siti Farhah Fazira Binti Shamsudin; Syed Ali Fazal. Entrepreneurial intention and startup preparation: A study among business students in Malaysia. Journal of Education for Business 2017, 92, 296 -314.

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Noorshella Binti Che Nawi, Muhammad Mohiuddin, Siti Farhah Fazira Binti Shamsudin, Syed Ali Fazal. Entrepreneurial intention and startup preparation: A study among business students in Malaysia. Journal of Education for Business. 2017; 92 (6):296-314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Noorshella Binti Che Nawi; Muhammad Mohiuddin; Siti Farhah Fazira Binti Shamsudin; Syed Ali Fazal. 2017. "Entrepreneurial intention and startup preparation: A study among business students in Malaysia." Journal of Education for Business 92, no. 6: 296-314.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2017 in PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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Technological innovations have emerged as crucially significant factor for sustaining market competition and achieving competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Multinational Corporations (MNCs) as celebrities of innovation play significant role in diffusing technological knowledge throughout firms both nationally and internationally. Although numerous studies exist on technology transfer the majority of existing literature addresses the issues related to inter-firm transfer of technology only while the area related to intra-firm transfer of technology has been largely underexposed; study of which is believed to be ideal for fruitful exploration of profitability in technology transfer projects. Using data from MNCs in Malaysia the current study for the very first time would attempt to empirically find the effect of host-country traits on the performance of technology transferred by the MNCs and its subsequent impact on competitive advantage. Findings of this study are expected to contribute both theoretically in the body of knowledge and also in terms of practical implication for policy makers and MNCs and hence enriching the existing literature simultaneously. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2015.s11.10981120 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

ACS Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Sazali Abdul Wahab; University Malaysia Kelantan. HOST-COUNTRY TRAITS, INTRA-FIRM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 2017, 1, 1098 -1120.

AMA Style

Syed Ali Fazal, Sazali Abdul Wahab, University Malaysia Kelantan. HOST-COUNTRY TRAITS, INTRA-FIRM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences. 2017; 1 (1):1098-1120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Sazali Abdul Wahab; University Malaysia Kelantan. 2017. "HOST-COUNTRY TRAITS, INTRA-FIRM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 1, no. 1: 1098-1120.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2017 in Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development
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Purpose While it is perceived that adoption reflects acceptance, the purpose of this paper is to argue that individual usage is critical and cannot be guaranteed by mere adoption. This study, therefore, focuses on the factors (i.e. performance expectancy, perceived trust, perceived risk, facilitating condition, and perceived enjoyment) contributing to the adoption and ultimately usage of social media as a business platform among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia under the premise of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a cross-sectional design and quantitative data are collected from 300 selected respondents listed as student entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurship centers of all public universities within Peninsular Malaysia. Findings Performance expectancy, perceived risk, perceived trust, and perceived enjoyment have a significant effect on the adoption of social media leading to its usage as a business platform. Findings also report a significant mediating effect of adoption of social media on the relationship between performance expectancy, perceived trust, perceived risk, and perceived enjoyment with the depth of social media usage. Research limitations/implications In order to promote entrepreneurial activities among student entrepreneurs using social media as a business platform, programs and policies should focus on improving cyber security and value-added services. Originality/value This study puts forward and tests the original UTAUT model to assess the adoption and depth of social media usage as a business platform among young student entrepreneurs in Peninsular Malaysia, which provides a foundation for the design and implementation of programs and policies that promote entrepreneurial activities using social media among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Noorshella Che Nawi; Abdullah Al Mamun; Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir; Noorlisa Maria Bt A. Hamid Shokery; Nursalihah Binti Ahmad Raston; Syed Ali Fazal. Acceptance and usage of social media as a platform among student entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 2017, 24, 375 -393.

AMA Style

Noorshella Che Nawi, Abdullah Al Mamun, Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir, Noorlisa Maria Bt A. Hamid Shokery, Nursalihah Binti Ahmad Raston, Syed Ali Fazal. Acceptance and usage of social media as a platform among student entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 2017; 24 (2):375-393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noorshella Che Nawi; Abdullah Al Mamun; Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir; Noorlisa Maria Bt A. Hamid Shokery; Nursalihah Binti Ahmad Raston; Syed Ali Fazal. 2017. "Acceptance and usage of social media as a platform among student entrepreneurs." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 24, no. 2: 375-393.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2016 in Asian Social Science
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Technological innovations have emerged as crucially significant factor for sustaining market competition and achieving sustainable competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Multinational Corporations (MNCs) as celebrities of innovation play significant role in diffusing technological knowledge throughout firms both nationally and internationally. Although numerous studies exist on technology transfer the majority of existing literature addresses the issues related to inter-firm transfer of technology only while the area related to intra-firm transfer of technology has been largely underexposed; study of which is believed to be ideal for fruitful exploration of profitability in technology transfer projects. By exploring the existing relevant literature, the current study would attempt to posit a new model in regards to the effect of host-country cultural environment on the performance of technology transferred by the MNCs to their subsidiaries in Malaysia and its subsequent impact on the corporate sustainability of the firm. In the present study the relative influence of two cultural environment factors, namely national cultural distance and organizational cultural distance have been addressed and the study is expected to contribute both theoretically in the body of knowledge and also in terms of practical implication for policy makers of the host-country and the involved MNCs and hence enriching the existing intra-firm technology transfer literature simultaneously.

ACS Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Sazali Abdul Wahab; Nowshin Zarin; Abu Sofian Bin Yaacob; Nur Fadiah Mohd Zawawi. The Role of Cultural Factors on Intra-Firm Technology Transfer Performance and Corporate Sustainability: A Conceptual Study. Asian Social Science 2016, 12, 15 .

AMA Style

Syed Ali Fazal, Sazali Abdul Wahab, Nowshin Zarin, Abu Sofian Bin Yaacob, Nur Fadiah Mohd Zawawi. The Role of Cultural Factors on Intra-Firm Technology Transfer Performance and Corporate Sustainability: A Conceptual Study. Asian Social Science. 2016; 12 (9):15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Sazali Abdul Wahab; Nowshin Zarin; Abu Sofian Bin Yaacob; Nur Fadiah Mohd Zawawi. 2016. "The Role of Cultural Factors on Intra-Firm Technology Transfer Performance and Corporate Sustainability: A Conceptual Study." Asian Social Science 12, no. 9: 15.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2016 in International Journal of Business and Management
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Technological innovations have emerged as crucially significant factor for sustaining market competition and achieving sustainable competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Multinational Corporations (MNCs) as celebrities of innovation play significant role in diffusing technological knowledge throughout firms both nationally and internationally. Although numerous studies exist on technology transfer the majority of existing literature addresses the issues related to inter-firm transfer of technology only while the area related to intra-firm transfer of technology has been largely underexposed; study of which is believed to be ideal for fruitful exploration of profitability in technology transfer projects. By exploring the existing relevant literature, the current study would attempt to posit a new model in regards to the effect of host-country market factors on the performance of technology transferred by the MNCs and its subsequent impact on corporate sustainability. In the present study the relative influence of two market environment factors of the host-country, competitive intensity and market dynamism have been focused on and the study is thereby expected to contribute both theoretically in the body of knowledge and also in terms of practical implication for policy makers and MNCs and hence enriching the existing intra-firm literature simultaneously.

ACS Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Sazali Abdul Wahab; Abu Sofian Bin Yaacob; Nur Fadiah Mohd Zawawi. Host-Country Market Environment, Intra-Firm Technology Transfer Performance and Corporate Sustainability: A Conceptual Study. International Journal of Business and Management 2016, 11, 91 .

AMA Style

Syed Ali Fazal, Sazali Abdul Wahab, Abu Sofian Bin Yaacob, Nur Fadiah Mohd Zawawi. Host-Country Market Environment, Intra-Firm Technology Transfer Performance and Corporate Sustainability: A Conceptual Study. International Journal of Business and Management. 2016; 11 (4):91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Ali Fazal; Sazali Abdul Wahab; Abu Sofian Bin Yaacob; Nur Fadiah Mohd Zawawi. 2016. "Host-Country Market Environment, Intra-Firm Technology Transfer Performance and Corporate Sustainability: A Conceptual Study." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 4: 91.