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Joshua H. Viers
Center for Information Technology in the Interest of Society and the Banatao Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA

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Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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This study investigates the ability of machine learning models to retrieve the surface soil moisture of a grassland area from multispectral remote sensing carried out using an unoccupied aircraft system (UAS). In addition to multispectral images, we use terrain attributes derived from a digital elevation model and hydrological variables of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration as covariates to predict surface soil moisture. We tested four different machine learning algorithms and interrogated the models to rank the importance of different variables and to understand their relationship with surface soil moisture. All the machine learning algorithms we tested were able to predict soil moisture with good accuracy. The boosted regression tree algorithm was marginally the best, with a mean absolute error of 3.8 % volumetric moisture content. Variable importance analysis revealed that the four most important variables were precipitation, reflectance in the red wavelengths, potential evapotranspiration, and topographic position indices (TPI). Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of soil water status across heterogeneous terrain may be adequately described and predicted by UAS remote sensing and machine learning. Our modeling approach and the variable importance and relationships we have assessed in this study should be useful for management and environmental modeling tasks where spatially explicit soil moisture information is important.

ACS Style

Samuel N. Araya; Anna Fryjoff-Hung; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. Advances in soil moisture retrieval from multispectral remote sensing using unoccupied aircraft systems and machine learning techniques. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2021, 25, 2739 -2758.

AMA Style

Samuel N. Araya, Anna Fryjoff-Hung, Andreas Anderson, Joshua H. Viers, Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. Advances in soil moisture retrieval from multispectral remote sensing using unoccupied aircraft systems and machine learning techniques. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2021; 25 (5):2739-2758.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuel N. Araya; Anna Fryjoff-Hung; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. 2021. "Advances in soil moisture retrieval from multispectral remote sensing using unoccupied aircraft systems and machine learning techniques." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5: 2739-2758.

Article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Nature Sustainability
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Solar power development over canals is an emerging response to the energy–water–food nexus that can result in multiple benefits for water and energy infrastructure. Case studies of over-canal solar photovoltaic arrays have demonstrated enhanced photovoltaic performance due to the cooler microclimate next to the canal. In addition, shade from the photovoltaic panels has been shown to mitigate evaporation and potentially mitigate aquatic weed growth. However, the evaporation savings and financial co-benefits have not been quantified across major canal systems. Here we use regional hydrologic and techno-economic simulations of solar photovoltaic panels covering California’s 6,350 km canal network, which is the world’s largest conveyance system and covers a wide range of climates, insolation rates and water costs. We find that over-canal solar could reduce annual evaporation by an average of 39 ± 12 thousand m3 per km of canal. Furthermore, the financial benefits from shading the canals outweigh the added costs of the cable-support structures required to span the canals. The net present value of over-canal solar exceeds conventional overground solar by 20–50%, challenging the convention of leaving canals uncovered and calling into question our understanding of the most economic locations for solar power. Over-canal solar photovoltaic arrays are likely to reduce water evaporation and carry financial co-benefits, but estimates are lacking. With hydrologic and techno-economic simulations of solar panels covering California’s canal network, this study shows the advantages of covering canals with solar panels.

ACS Style

Brandi McKuin; Andrew Zumkehr; Jenny Ta; Roger Bales; Joshua H. Viers; Tapan Pathak; J. Elliott Campbell. Energy and water co-benefits from covering canals with solar panels. Nature Sustainability 2021, 4, 609 -617.

AMA Style

Brandi McKuin, Andrew Zumkehr, Jenny Ta, Roger Bales, Joshua H. Viers, Tapan Pathak, J. Elliott Campbell. Energy and water co-benefits from covering canals with solar panels. Nature Sustainability. 2021; 4 (7):609-617.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brandi McKuin; Andrew Zumkehr; Jenny Ta; Roger Bales; Joshua H. Viers; Tapan Pathak; J. Elliott Campbell. 2021. "Energy and water co-benefits from covering canals with solar panels." Nature Sustainability 4, no. 7: 609-617.

Review article
Published: 08 March 2021 in Ecological Indicators
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Advances in water resources research in China has blossomed in recent decades. Although historically many Chinese scientific publications had been limited to regional, language-specific outlets, the more recent emergence of Chinese scholarship in water resources sustainability and engineering suggests that broader recognition within the scientific community is needed. In this study, we explore the recent evolution of Chinese environmental flows research through the bibliometric analysis of two prominent databases. This paper highlights trends in environmental flow publication rates, emerging areas of research, and citation networks for prominent authors in the Chinese context as compared to the global network of environmental flows research. Results indicate that China’s environmental flows research developed rapidly over the past two decades (2005–2019) and that Chinese authors are among the most productive in the field (60% of the top 20 authors). However, based on the number of citations, few Chinese articles are among the most highly cited (5 out of 800). The field of environmental flows research has identified the need to minimize parochial boundaries, and this analysis suggests a rich, yet untapped, literature to promote scientific integration. Differences in journal selection, keyword choice, and lesser-known authors to readers outside of China were identified as potential limitations to broader global integration. This approach to systematic bibliometric analysis can be used to identify prominent authors and important studies such that new ideas in environmental flows research can flow across continental boundaries, from East to West, to accelerate global understanding of prevailing trends and best practices in river management

ACS Style

Zhuo Hao; Anna M. Rallings; Vicky Espinoza; Pingping Luo; Weili Duan; Qidong Peng; Yang Gao; Joshua H. Viers. Flowing from East to West: A bibliometric analysis of recent advances in environmental flow science in China. Ecological Indicators 2021, 125, 107358 .

AMA Style

Zhuo Hao, Anna M. Rallings, Vicky Espinoza, Pingping Luo, Weili Duan, Qidong Peng, Yang Gao, Joshua H. Viers. Flowing from East to West: A bibliometric analysis of recent advances in environmental flow science in China. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 125 ():107358.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuo Hao; Anna M. Rallings; Vicky Espinoza; Pingping Luo; Weili Duan; Qidong Peng; Yang Gao; Joshua H. Viers. 2021. "Flowing from East to West: A bibliometric analysis of recent advances in environmental flow science in China." Ecological Indicators 125, no. : 107358.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Describing the specific details and textures implicit in real-world hydro-climatic data sets is paramount for the proper description and simulation of variables such as precipitation, streamflow, and temperature time series. To this aim, a couple of decades ago, a deterministic geometric approach, the so-called fractal-multifractal (FM) method,1,2 was introduced. Such is a holistic approach capable of faithfully encoding (describing)3, simulating4, and downscaling5 hydrologic records in time, as the outcome of a fractal function illuminated by a multifractal measure. This study employs the FM method to generate ensembles of daily precipitation and temperature sets obtained from global circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, this study uses data obtained via ten GCM models, two sets of daily records, as implied from the past, over a year, and three sets projected for the future, as downscaled via localized constructed analogs (LOCA) for a couple of sites in California. The study demonstrates that faithful representations of all sets may be achieved via the FM approach, using encodings relying on 10 and 8 geometric (FM) parameters for rainfall and temperature, respectively. They result in close approximations of the data's histogram, entropy, and autocorrelation functions. By presenting a sensitivity study of FM parameters' for historical and projected data, this work concludes that the FM representations are useful for tracking and foreseeing the records' complexity6 in the past and the future and other applications in hydrology such as bias correction.

 

 

References

ACS Style

Mahesh Lal Maskey; David Joseph Serrano Suarez; Joshua H. Viers; Josue Medellin-Azuara; Bellie Sivakumar; Laura Elisa Garza Diaz. Fractal-multifractal ensembles of downscaled precipitation and temperature sets as implied by climate models. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mahesh Lal Maskey, David Joseph Serrano Suarez, Joshua H. Viers, Josue Medellin-Azuara, Bellie Sivakumar, Laura Elisa Garza Diaz. Fractal-multifractal ensembles of downscaled precipitation and temperature sets as implied by climate models. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahesh Lal Maskey; David Joseph Serrano Suarez; Joshua H. Viers; Josue Medellin-Azuara; Bellie Sivakumar; Laura Elisa Garza Diaz. 2021. "Fractal-multifractal ensembles of downscaled precipitation and temperature sets as implied by climate models." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Climate signals have been consistently changing over the past century, together with increased population and human activities. Consequently, notable shifts in timing and magnitude of floods and drought and declining surface and subsurface water storage have been seriously posing effects on water supply and demand throughout the planet. Hence, it becomes relevant to understand the optimal water allocation to different water users such as agriculture, urban, environmental, and wildlife refuge and manage water infrastructure projects accordingly to support optimal water allocation. In the past, we have shown the successful application of the statewide hydro-economic model, also known as CALVIN (California Value Integrated Network)1,2, to minimize water allocation costs and optimize water utility under the policy, operational, and environmental constraints.

This study utilizes economic and water allocation output from the CALVIN model historical run (1921 to 2003; monthly scale), and it explores the opportunity cost of water storage and conveyance expansion in California (economic data based on 2050 projected water use3,4). This study performs a time series analysis on the marginal economic value of expansion to characterize the correlation between historical climatic factors with water allocation capacity extension to characterize how climate events such as droughts or floods can affect the profitability of water infrastructure expansion projects. The result provides useful information for statewide planners and decision-makers in setting coping strategies for the future under climate change conditions5,6. Additionally, this study uses the historical run expansion cost results to identify the most profitable water infrastructure expansion locations using spatial analysis. This study concentrates on agriculture and urban water demands from surface and groundwater sources and categorizes the water allocation over different water years dictated by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). This study offers a holistic approach to elucidate responses of existing water supply-demand nexus, and the results will be useful for the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) of California.

References:

 

ACS Style

Mahesh Lal Maskey; Liying Li; Angel S. Fernandez-Bou; Joshua H. Viers; Josue Medellin-Azuara. Integrated Spatial and Economic Analysis on Water Infrastructure Expansion Profitability and Affecting Climatic Factors within the Central Valley of California. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mahesh Lal Maskey, Liying Li, Angel S. Fernandez-Bou, Joshua H. Viers, Josue Medellin-Azuara. Integrated Spatial and Economic Analysis on Water Infrastructure Expansion Profitability and Affecting Climatic Factors within the Central Valley of California. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahesh Lal Maskey; Liying Li; Angel S. Fernandez-Bou; Joshua H. Viers; Josue Medellin-Azuara. 2021. "Integrated Spatial and Economic Analysis on Water Infrastructure Expansion Profitability and Affecting Climatic Factors within the Central Valley of California." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2020 in Restoration Ecology
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ACS Style

Rachel A. Hutchinson; Alexander K. Fremier; Joshua H. Viers. Interaction of restored hydrological connectivity and herbicide suppresses dominance of a floodplain invasive species. Restoration Ecology 2020, 28, 1551 -1560.

AMA Style

Rachel A. Hutchinson, Alexander K. Fremier, Joshua H. Viers. Interaction of restored hydrological connectivity and herbicide suppresses dominance of a floodplain invasive species. Restoration Ecology. 2020; 28 (6):1551-1560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel A. Hutchinson; Alexander K. Fremier; Joshua H. Viers. 2020. "Interaction of restored hydrological connectivity and herbicide suppresses dominance of a floodplain invasive species." Restoration Ecology 28, no. 6: 1551-1560.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Remote Sensing
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Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) show promise in being able to collect high resolution spatiotemporal data over small extents. Use of such remote sensing platforms also show promise for quantifying uncertainty in more ubiquitous Earth Observation System (EOS) data, such as evapotranspiration and consumptive use of water in agricultural systems. This study compares measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) from a commercial vineyard in California using data collected from sUAS and EOS sources for 10 events over a growing season using multiple ET estimation methods. Results indicate that sUAS ET estimates that include non-canopy pixels are generally lower on average than EOS methods by >0.5 mm day−1. sUAS ET estimates that mask out non-canopy pixels are generally higher than EOS methods by −1. Masked sUAS ET estimates are less variable than unmasked sUAS and EOS ET estimates. This study indicates that limited deployment of sUAS can provide important estimates of uncertainty in EOS ET estimations for larger areas and to also improve irrigation management at a local scale.

ACS Style

Michael Kalua; Anna Rallings; Lorenzo Booth; Josué Medellín-Azuara; Stefano Carpin; Joshua Viers. sUAS Remote Sensing of Vineyard Evapotranspiration Quantifies Spatiotemporal Uncertainty in Satellite-Borne ET Estimates. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3251 .

AMA Style

Michael Kalua, Anna Rallings, Lorenzo Booth, Josué Medellín-Azuara, Stefano Carpin, Joshua Viers. sUAS Remote Sensing of Vineyard Evapotranspiration Quantifies Spatiotemporal Uncertainty in Satellite-Borne ET Estimates. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (19):3251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Kalua; Anna Rallings; Lorenzo Booth; Josué Medellín-Azuara; Stefano Carpin; Joshua Viers. 2020. "sUAS Remote Sensing of Vineyard Evapotranspiration Quantifies Spatiotemporal Uncertainty in Satellite-Borne ET Estimates." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19: 3251.

Preprint content
Published: 18 August 2020
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ACS Style

Samuel N. Araya; Anna Fryjoff-Hung; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. Supplementary material to "Advances in Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multispectral Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Machine Learning Techniques". 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Samuel N. Araya, Anna Fryjoff-Hung, Andreas Anderson, Joshua H. Viers, Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. Supplementary material to "Advances in Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multispectral Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Machine Learning Techniques". . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuel N. Araya; Anna Fryjoff-Hung; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. 2020. "Supplementary material to "Advances in Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multispectral Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Machine Learning Techniques"." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 18 August 2020
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We developed machine learning models to retrieve surface soil moisture (0–4 cm) from high resolution multispectral imagery using terrain attributes and local climate covariates. Using a small unmanned aircraft system (UAS) equipped with a multispectral sensor we captured high resolution imagery in part to create a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) as well as quantify relative vegetation photosynthetic status. We tested four different machine learning algorithms. The boosted regression tree algorithm gave the best prediction with mean absolute error of 3.8 % volumetric water content. The most important variables for the prediction of soil moisture were precipitation, reflectance in the red wavelengths, potential evapotranspiration, and topographic position indices (TPI). Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of soil water status across heterogeneous terrain may be adequately described and predicted by UAS remote sensing data and machine learning. Our modeling approach and the variable importance and relationships we have assessed in this study should be useful for management and environmental modeling tasks where spatially explicit soil moisture information is important.

ACS Style

Samuel N. Araya; Anna Fryjoff-Hung; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. Advances in Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multispectral Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Machine Learning Techniques. 2020, 2020, 1 -33.

AMA Style

Samuel N. Araya, Anna Fryjoff-Hung, Andreas Anderson, Joshua H. Viers, Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. Advances in Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multispectral Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Machine Learning Techniques. . 2020; 2020 ():1-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuel N. Araya; Anna Fryjoff-Hung; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. 2020. "Advances in Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multispectral Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Machine Learning Techniques." 2020, no. : 1-33.

Cover image
Published: 18 August 2020 in Freshwater Biology
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The cover image is based on the Original Articles Dynamic river processes drive variability in particulate organic matter over fine spatiotemporal scales by Bobby J. Nakamoto, et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13522.

ACS Style

Bobby J. Nakamoto; Marilyn L. Fogel; Carson A. Jeffres; Joshua H. Viers. Cover Image. Freshwater Biology 2020, 65, 1 .

AMA Style

Bobby J. Nakamoto, Marilyn L. Fogel, Carson A. Jeffres, Joshua H. Viers. Cover Image. Freshwater Biology. 2020; 65 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bobby J. Nakamoto; Marilyn L. Fogel; Carson A. Jeffres; Joshua H. Viers. 2020. "Cover Image." Freshwater Biology 65, no. 9: 1.

Original article
Published: 17 May 2020 in Freshwater Biology
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We sampled freshwater suspended particulate organic matter (POM) to determine its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition and collected co‐located water chemistry data in California's Sacramento—San Joaquin Delta from sites on the Mokelumne and Cosumnes rivers. A 10‐km2 area was sampled across 12 sites and divided among three habitat types (i.e. riverine, slackwater/slough, and off‐channel), 34 times between November 2016 and July 2017. Here, we describe the variability in water quality and POM variables, and assess factors associated with that variability using dimensional reduction and linear modelling within the context of our habitat types. The stable isotope composition of freshwater POM and water chemistry variables differed significantly across small areas (<10 km) and short time frames (weekly). Hydrological connectivity amongst sites was found to be an important factor in the isotopic and elemental composition of POM. During periods of low hydrological connectivity, in situ dynamics were strongly associated with differentiation of POM in different habitats. Discharge (16–433 m3/s) and water temperature (8–30°C) were the variables most associated with variations in the composition of POM. Slackwater sites showed the greatest variability in POM composition, which may be symptomatic of longer water residence times, increased cycling rates of nutrients and organic matter, or a combination of the two. Variability in POM stable isotope composition demonstrates that caution should be exercised when interpreting analyses that assume a static POM stable isotope composition based on two‐end member mixing. Unconstrained variability in space or time could confound interpretations of models and data. Moving forward, conceptual and numerical models for river ecosystems that emphasise temporally heterogeneous lateral exchange amongst habitat patches should be prioritised when considering restoration efforts and monitoring outcomes.

ACS Style

Bobby J. Nakamoto; Marilyn L. Fogel; Carson A. Jeffres; Joshua H. Viers. Dynamic river processes drive variability in particulate organic matter over fine spatiotemporal scales. Freshwater Biology 2020, 65, 1569 -1584.

AMA Style

Bobby J. Nakamoto, Marilyn L. Fogel, Carson A. Jeffres, Joshua H. Viers. Dynamic river processes drive variability in particulate organic matter over fine spatiotemporal scales. Freshwater Biology. 2020; 65 (9):1569-1584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bobby J. Nakamoto; Marilyn L. Fogel; Carson A. Jeffres; Joshua H. Viers. 2020. "Dynamic river processes drive variability in particulate organic matter over fine spatiotemporal scales." Freshwater Biology 65, no. 9: 1569-1584.

Review article
Published: 07 June 2019 in Water Resources Research
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Modifications to landscapes and flow regimes of rivers have altered the function, biodiversity, and productivity of freshwater ecosystems globally. Reestablishing geomorphological and hydrological conditions necessary to sustain ecosystems is a central challenge for restoration within highly altered systems. Meeting this challenge requires simultaneously addressing multiple and interacting stressors within the context of irreversible changes and socio‐economic constraints. Traditionally, river restoration approaches either physically change the landscape or channel (channel‐floodplain manipulation) or adjust hydrology (environmental flows), and such actions are often independent. We juxtapose these two subfields of river restoration, which have undergone parallel transformations, from goals of reproducing static representations of form and flow regime to goals of reestablishing processes. The parallel transformations have generated shared ideas which point to benefits of coupling channel‐floodplain manipulation and environmental flow actions to achieve process‐based goals. Such coupling supports comprehensive river restoration efforts aimed at supporting resilient ecosystems within human dominated landscapes in a nonstationary climate. We identify four elements of coupled approaches for restoring highly modified rivers: 1) Identify physical and ecological process potential given interactive effects of altered landscapes and flows; 2) Consider capacity for sustaining identified processes under potential future change; 3) Model alternatives for coupled restoration actions to support identified processes; and 4) Evaluate alternatives using metrics representing integrative effects of coupled actions. We suggest these emergent elements contribute to the development of standard practices for restoring highly modified rivers and encourage an increasing number and quality of coupled applications.

ACS Style

A. A. Whipple; J. H. Viers. Coupling landscapes and river flows to restore highly modified rivers. Water Resources Research 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

A. A. Whipple, J. H. Viers. Coupling landscapes and river flows to restore highly modified rivers. Water Resources Research. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. A. Whipple; J. H. Viers. 2019. "Coupling landscapes and river flows to restore highly modified rivers." Water Resources Research , no. : 1.

Technical paper
Published: 23 April 2019 in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
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Increasing reservoir storage is commonly proposed to mitigate increasing water demand and provide drought reserves, especially in semiarid regions such as California. This paper examines the value of expanding surface reservoir capacity in California using hydroeconomic modeling for historical conditions, a future warm‐dry climate, and California's recently adopted policy to end groundwater overdraft. Results show expanding surface storage capacity rarely provides sizable economic value in most of California. On average, expanding facilities north of California's Delta provides some benefit in 92% of 82 years modeled under historical conditions and in 61% of years modeled in a warm‐dry climate. South of California's Delta, expanding storage capacity provides no benefits in 14% of years modeled under historical conditions and 99% of years modeled with a warm‐dry climate. Results vary across facilities between and within regions. The limited benefit of surface storage capacity expansion to statewide water supply should be considered in planning California's water infrastructure.

ACS Style

D.M. Nover; M.S. Dogan; R. Ragatz; L. Booth; J. Medellín‐Azuara; J.R. Lund; J.H. Viers. Does More Storage Give California More Water? JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2019, 55, 759 -771.

AMA Style

D.M. Nover, M.S. Dogan, R. Ragatz, L. Booth, J. Medellín‐Azuara, J.R. Lund, J.H. Viers. Does More Storage Give California More Water? JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2019; 55 (3):759-771.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.M. Nover; M.S. Dogan; R. Ragatz; L. Booth; J. Medellín‐Azuara; J.R. Lund; J.H. Viers. 2019. "Does More Storage Give California More Water?" JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 55, no. 3: 759-771.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Agricultural Water Management
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ACS Style

Paul D. Welle; Josué Medellín-Azuara; Joshua H. Viers; Meagan S. Mauter. Economic and policy drivers of agricultural water desalination in California’s central valley. Agricultural Water Management 2017, 194, 192 -203.

AMA Style

Paul D. Welle, Josué Medellín-Azuara, Joshua H. Viers, Meagan S. Mauter. Economic and policy drivers of agricultural water desalination in California’s central valley. Agricultural Water Management. 2017; 194 ():192-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul D. Welle; Josué Medellín-Azuara; Joshua H. Viers; Meagan S. Mauter. 2017. "Economic and policy drivers of agricultural water desalination in California’s central valley." Agricultural Water Management 194, no. : 192-203.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2017 in Scientific Reports
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Soils account for the largest terrestrial pool of carbon and have the potential for even greater quantities of carbon sequestration. Typical soil carbon (C) stocks used in global carbon models only account for the upper 1 meter of soil. Previously unaccounted for deep carbon pools (>1 m) were generally considered to provide a negligible input to total C contents and represent less dynamic C pools. Here we assess deep soil C pools associated with an alluvial floodplain ecosystem transitioning from agricultural production to restoration of native vegetation. We analyzed the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations of 87 surface soil samples (0–15 cm) and 23 subsurface boreholes (0–3 m). We evaluated the quantitative importance of the burial process in the sequestration of subsurface C and found our subsurface soils (0–3 m) contained considerably more C than typical C stocks of 0–1 m. This deep unaccounted soil C could have considerable implications for global C accounting. We compared differences in surface soil C related to vegetation and land use history and determined that flooding restoration could promote greater C accumulation in surface soils. We conclude deep floodplain soils may store substantial quantities of C and floodplain restoration should promote active C sequestration.

ACS Style

Amanda H. D’Elia; Garrett C. Liles; Joshua H. Viers; David R. Smart. Deep carbon storage potential of buried floodplain soils. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Amanda H. D’Elia, Garrett C. Liles, Joshua H. Viers, David R. Smart. Deep carbon storage potential of buried floodplain soils. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda H. D’Elia; Garrett C. Liles; Joshua H. Viers; David R. Smart. 2017. "Deep carbon storage potential of buried floodplain soils." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 1-7.

Article
Published: 24 May 2017 in River Research and Applications
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The transport of water and sediment from rivers to adjacent floodplains helps generate complex floodplain, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. However, riverside levees restrict lateral connectivity of water and sediment during flood pulses, making the re-introduction of floodplain hydrogeomorphic processes through intentional levee breaching and removal an emerging floodplain restoration practice. Repeated topographic observations from levee breach sites along the lower Cosumnes River (USA) indicated that breach architecture influences floodplain and channel hydrogeomorphic processes. Where narrow breaches (250 m) enabled multiple modes of water and sediment transport onto graded floodplains. Advective sediment transport along multiple flow paths generated overlapping crevasse splays, while turbulent diffusion promoted the formation of lateral levees through large wood and sediment accumulation in near-bank areas. Channel incision (>2 m) upstream from a wide levee breach suggests that large flow diversions through such breaches can generate water surface drawdown during flooding, resulting in localized flow acceleration and upstream channel incision. Understanding variable hydrogeomorphic responses to levee breach architecture will help restoration managers design breaches that maximize desired floodplain topographic change while also minimizing potential undesirable consequences such as levee breach closure or channel incision.

ACS Style

A. L. Nichols; J. H. Viers. Not all breaks are equal: Variable hydrologic and geomorphic responses to intentional levee breaches along the lower Cosumnes River, California. River Research and Applications 2017, 33, 1143 -1155.

AMA Style

A. L. Nichols, J. H. Viers. Not all breaks are equal: Variable hydrologic and geomorphic responses to intentional levee breaches along the lower Cosumnes River, California. River Research and Applications. 2017; 33 (7):1143-1155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. L. Nichols; J. H. Viers. 2017. "Not all breaks are equal: Variable hydrologic and geomorphic responses to intentional levee breaches along the lower Cosumnes River, California." River Research and Applications 33, no. 7: 1143-1155.

Perspective
Published: 23 May 2017 in Environmental Research Letters
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ACS Style

Joshua H Viers. Meeting ecosystem needs while satisfying human demands. Environmental Research Letters 2017, 12, 061001 .

AMA Style

Joshua H Viers. Meeting ecosystem needs while satisfying human demands. Environmental Research Letters. 2017; 12 (6):061001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joshua H Viers. 2017. "Meeting ecosystem needs while satisfying human demands." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 6: 061001.

Conference paper
Published: 18 May 2017 in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017
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ACS Style

Joshua H. Viers; Jenny Ta; Daniel M. Nover; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. More Pop per Drop: Functional Environmental Flows to Meet Ecosystem Needs and Human Demands. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 2017, 284 -295.

AMA Style

Joshua H. Viers, Jenny Ta, Daniel M. Nover, Christopher N. Dunn, Brian Van Weele. More Pop per Drop: Functional Environmental Flows to Meet Ecosystem Needs and Human Demands. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. 2017; ():284-295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joshua H. Viers; Jenny Ta; Daniel M. Nover; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. 2017. "More Pop per Drop: Functional Environmental Flows to Meet Ecosystem Needs and Human Demands." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 , no. : 284-295.

Conference paper
Published: 18 May 2017 in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017
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ACS Style

Brandon Stark; Brendan Smith; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; YangQuan Chen; Rodd Kelsey; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. Precision Counting of Sandhill Cranes in Staten Island by FAA Approved Small Unmanned Aerial System Night Missions. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 2017, 109 -123.

AMA Style

Brandon Stark, Brendan Smith, Andreas Anderson, Joshua H. Viers, YangQuan Chen, Rodd Kelsey, Christopher N. Dunn, Brian Van Weele. Precision Counting of Sandhill Cranes in Staten Island by FAA Approved Small Unmanned Aerial System Night Missions. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. 2017; ():109-123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brandon Stark; Brendan Smith; Andreas Anderson; Joshua H. Viers; YangQuan Chen; Rodd Kelsey; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. 2017. "Precision Counting of Sandhill Cranes in Staten Island by FAA Approved Small Unmanned Aerial System Night Missions." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 , no. : 109-123.

Article
Published: 02 March 2017 in Ecohydrology
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Floods, with their inherent spatiotemporal variability, drive floodplain physical and ecological processes. This research identifies a flood regime typology and approach for flood regime characterization, using unsupervised cluster analysis of flood events defined by ecologically meaningful metrics, including magnitude, timing, duration, and rate of change as applied to the unregulated lowland alluvial Cosumnes River of California, USA. Flood events, isolated from the 107-year daily flow record, account for approximately two-thirds of annual flow volume. Our analysis suggests six flood types best capture the range of flood event variability. Two types are distinguished primarily by high peak flows, another by later season timing and long duration, two by small magnitudes separated by timing, and the last by later peak flow within the flood event. The flood regime was also evaluated through inter- and intra-annual frequency of the identified flood types, their relationship to water year conditions, and their long-term trends. This revealed, for example, year to year variability in flood types, associations between wet years and high peak magnitude types and between dry years and the low magnitude, late season flood type, and increasing and decreasing contribution to total annual flow in the highest two peak magnitude classes, respectively. This research focuses needed attention on floodplains, flood hydrology, ecological implications, and the utility of extending flow regime classification typically used for environmental flow targets. The approach is broadly applicable and extensible to other systems, where findings can be used to understand physical processes, assess change, and improve management strategies.

ACS Style

Alison Agnew Whipple; Joshua H. Viers; Helen Elizabeth Dahlke. Flood regime typology for floodplain ecosystem management as applied to the unregulated Cosumnes River of California, United States. Ecohydrology 2017, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Alison Agnew Whipple, Joshua H. Viers, Helen Elizabeth Dahlke. Flood regime typology for floodplain ecosystem management as applied to the unregulated Cosumnes River of California, United States. Ecohydrology. 2017; 10 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alison Agnew Whipple; Joshua H. Viers; Helen Elizabeth Dahlke. 2017. "Flood regime typology for floodplain ecosystem management as applied to the unregulated Cosumnes River of California, United States." Ecohydrology 10, no. 5: 1.