The whole Internet consists of thousands of autonomous systems that transfer data with one another. The BGP plays a significant role in routing, but its behaviour is essentially naive, trusting neighbours without authenticating advertised IP prefixes. This is the main reason why BGP endures various path manipulation attacks. Recently, conventional methods for securing BGP have been implemented, i.e., BGPSec with RPKI. However, these approaches are centralised with a single point of failure that may be compromised, invalidating the whole security mechanism. There have been multiple decentralised projects dealing with various mechanisms, mostly built on Ethereum and blockchain networks. Some with ambition to strengthen existing centralised mechanisms, others to replace them. In this article, we present the first comprehensive survey on blockchain solutions to enforce BGP security, with complex explanations of their contributions and a comparison with different aspects. We explain how blockchain technology can provide an alternative to prevent the false origin of IP prefixes or hijacking AS paths. Moreover, we describe new blockchain-based attacks that BGP would face after the inclusion of blockchain into the inter-domain routing. Finally, we answer the defined research questions and discuss the potential open issues for further study.

Communication on the Internet consisting of a massive number of Autonomous Systems (AS) depends on routing based on Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Routers generally trust the veracity of information in BGP updates from their neighbors, as with many other routing protocols. However, this trust leaves the whole system vulnerable to multiple attacks, such as BGP hijacking. Several solutions have been proposed to increase the security of BGP routing protocol, most based on centralized Public Key Infrastructure, but their adoption has been relatively slow. Additionally, these solutions are open to attack on this centralized system. Decentralized alternatives utilizing blockchain to validate BGP updates have recently been proposed. The distributed nature of blockchain and its trustless environment increase the overall system security and conform to the distributed character of the BGP. All of the techniques based on blockchain concentrate on inspecting incoming BGP updates only. In this paper, we improve on these by modifying an existing architecture for the management of network devices. The original architecture adopted a private blockchain implementation of HyperLedger. On the other hand, we use the public blockchain Ethereum, more specifically the Ropsten testing environment. Our solution provides a module design for the management of AS border routers. It enables verification of the prefixes even before any router sends BGP updates announcing them. Thus, we eliminate fraudulent BGP origin announcements from the AS deploying our solution. Furthermore, blockchain provides storage options for configurations of edge routers and keeps the irrefutable history of all changes. We can analyze router settings history to detect whether the router advertised incorrect information, when and for how long.

Accurate distance estimation is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of intelligent and future autonomous mobility. In this paper, we propose a method for real-time estimation of visible lane distance based on image data only from a single camera and an existing road lane marking estimation system. By leveraging camera intrinsics and height above the road, we utilize lane parallelism and geometric properties of frames from a camera to compute the distance to the furthest visible lane point. Intelligent recalculations of horizon level are performed for every frame, accommodating variations encountered during uphill or downhill driving scenarios. Moreover, the proposed solution is designed to be theoretically adaptable to gauge the distance to any detected object on the camera frame, not only road lanes. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method on a dataset created for this purpose, assessing estimation performance through comparison with ground truth data obtained from high-precision GPS measurements. The results indicate comparable estimation performance with other works. Coupled with the capability for real-time implementation in vehicles, we underscore the potential of our approach for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in various aspects, such as safe driving speeds, obstacle avoidance, or collision prevention. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in developing robust and practical solutions for autonomous mobility applications.

In this paper, we describe the dataset captured with our proprietary data capture solution mounted on top of a Land Rover Defender vehicle. The captured data are the real data of drives on various Slovak roads. The total dataset consist of almost 33 hours of driving with a automotive grade FPD Link camera with 30 fps and with additional sensors such as high-precision GNSS sensor and modem towards mobile data connectivity LTE and 5 G. There are various road types and weather and conditions. Road types are 2-lane highway, 3-lane highway, urban environment, 1st class road (main, national), 2nd class road (main, regional), 3rd class road (local). Weather and light conditions are direct sunlight, normal daylight, rain/fog and dawn/twilight. All frames have captured its position, velocity, heading and connectivity information.

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) refers to the growing number of connected vehicles, requiring efficient task scheduling and computation platforms. Our research focuses on communication types and quality of service improvements, particularly in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. We evaluated network parameters such as latency and task processing between autonomous vehicles and edge servers. The analysis includes existing solutions for vehicle-to-edge communication and optimization methods to improve latency and resource management. Finally, we propose improvements in resource orchestration for balanced, effective computation at edge servers, enabling novel use cases in IoV.