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The effect of maternal smoking as a source of exposure to toxic metals Cd and Pb on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, metallothionein (MT), Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn concentrations were assessed in maternal and umbilical cord blood and placenta in 74 healthy mother-newborn pairs after term delivery. Sparse discriminant analysis (SDA) was used to identify elements with the strongest impact on the SOD, GPx and MT in the measured compartments, which was then quantified by multiple regression analysis. SOD activity was lower in maternal and cord plasma, and higher in the placenta of smokers compared to non-smokers, whereas GPx activity and MT concentration did not differ between the groups. Although active smoking during pregnancy contributed to higher maternal Cd and Pb concentrations, its contribution to the variability of SOD, GPx or MT after control for other elements identified by SDA was not significant. However, an impaired balance in the antioxidant defence observed in the conditions of relatively low-to-moderate exposure levels to Cd and Pb could contribute to an increased susceptibility of offspring to oxidative stress and risk of disease development later in life. Further study on a larger number of subjects will help to better understand complex interactions between exposure to toxic elements and oxidative stress related to maternal cigarette smoking.
Alica Pizent; Maja Lazarus; Jelena Kovačić; Blanka Tariba Lovaković; Irena Brčić Karačonji; Tanja Živković Semren; Ankica Sekovanić; Tatjana Orct; Karmen Branović-Čakanić; Nataša Brajenović; Andreja Jurič; Iva Miškulin; Lana Škrgatić; Sandra Stasenko; Tatjana Mioč; Jasna Jurasović; Martina Piasek. Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy: Effects on Antioxidant Enzymes, Metallothionein and Trace Elements in Mother-Newborn Pairs. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleAlica Pizent, Maja Lazarus, Jelena Kovačić, Blanka Tariba Lovaković, Irena Brčić Karačonji, Tanja Živković Semren, Ankica Sekovanić, Tatjana Orct, Karmen Branović-Čakanić, Nataša Brajenović, Andreja Jurič, Iva Miškulin, Lana Škrgatić, Sandra Stasenko, Tatjana Mioč, Jasna Jurasović, Martina Piasek. Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy: Effects on Antioxidant Enzymes, Metallothionein and Trace Elements in Mother-Newborn Pairs. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlica Pizent; Maja Lazarus; Jelena Kovačić; Blanka Tariba Lovaković; Irena Brčić Karačonji; Tanja Živković Semren; Ankica Sekovanić; Tatjana Orct; Karmen Branović-Čakanić; Nataša Brajenović; Andreja Jurič; Iva Miškulin; Lana Škrgatić; Sandra Stasenko; Tatjana Mioč; Jasna Jurasović; Martina Piasek. 2020. "Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy: Effects on Antioxidant Enzymes, Metallothionein and Trace Elements in Mother-Newborn Pairs." Biomolecules 10, no. 6: 1.
The nutritional and bioactive content of banana and red beetroot peels was investigated. The basic macrocomponent composition was determined using standard AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods, while the recovery efficiency of bioactive compounds was investigated using conventional and innovative extraction techniques (subcritical water extraction, ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction). Extracts were analyzed for biological effects in vitro on human hepatic, tongue and colon cancer cell lines. A macrocomponent analysis revealed a notable amount of dietary fiber in banana and beetroot peels (39.0 and 33.6% dmb) and a relatively high content of protein in beetroot peel (18.3% dmb). Regarding the micronutrients-minerals, banana and beetroot peels were shown to be a very good source of potassium (75.06 and 41.86 mg g−1 dmb). Both extracts of banana and beetroot peels obtained by conventional extraction - decoction (100 °C, 20 min) exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Additionally, in banana peel, these extracts were the richest in dopamine content (12.63 mg g−1 dmb). Extraction by infusion (80 °C, 30 min) yielded a beetroot peel extract with the highest total betacyanin content (9.80 mg g−1 dmb). Biological effects in vitro were dose- and time-dependent, as well as influenced by the presence of polysaccharides.
Danijela Šeremet; Ksenija Durgo; Stela Jokić; Ana Huđek; Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin; Ana Mandura; Jasna Jurasović; Draženka Komes. Valorization of Banana and Red Beetroot Peels: Determination of Basic Macrocomponent Composition, Application of Novel Extraction Methodology and Assessment of Biological Activity In Vitro. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4539 .
AMA StyleDanijela Šeremet, Ksenija Durgo, Stela Jokić, Ana Huđek, Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin, Ana Mandura, Jasna Jurasović, Draženka Komes. Valorization of Banana and Red Beetroot Peels: Determination of Basic Macrocomponent Composition, Application of Novel Extraction Methodology and Assessment of Biological Activity In Vitro. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4539.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanijela Šeremet; Ksenija Durgo; Stela Jokić; Ana Huđek; Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin; Ana Mandura; Jasna Jurasović; Draženka Komes. 2020. "Valorization of Banana and Red Beetroot Peels: Determination of Basic Macrocomponent Composition, Application of Novel Extraction Methodology and Assessment of Biological Activity In Vitro." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4539.
The main source of mercury (Hg) exposure in the general population is fish. Another possible source is dental amalgam. Here, we compare the levels of Hg and selenium (Se) in samples of maternal and fetal origin collected shortly after childbirth of healthy postpartum women in the coastal (n = 96) and continental (n = 185) areas of Croatia related to maternal seafood/fish consumption. We also evaluated Hg concentrations and maternal serum metallothionein (MT2) concentrations in relation to the number of dental amalgam fillings, and MT2A-5A/G (rs28366003) polymorphism. The levels of Hg and Se in maternal hair and blood/serum, placenta and cord blood/serum increased in relation to increasing fish consumption with the highest values in subjects from the coast. The concentrations of each element and between elements correlated across the matrices. Increasing amalgam number correlated linearly with increased Hg levels in maternal and cord serum and was not associated with serum MT2. No association of MT2A-5A/G polymorphism and Hg or Se levels were found. The results confirmed higher fish consumption in coastal vs. continental Croatia and increases of both Hg and Se related to fish consumption in all analyzed samples. Increased blood Hg reflected the predominant MeHg share from seafood, while increased serum Hg matched exposure from dental amalgams.
Ankica Sekovanić; Martina Piasek; Tatjana Orct; Antonija Sulimanec Grgec; Marijana Matek Sarić; Sandra Stasenko; Jasna Jurasović. Mercury Exposure Assessment in Mother–Infant Pairs from Continental and Coastal Croatia. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleAnkica Sekovanić, Martina Piasek, Tatjana Orct, Antonija Sulimanec Grgec, Marijana Matek Sarić, Sandra Stasenko, Jasna Jurasović. Mercury Exposure Assessment in Mother–Infant Pairs from Continental and Coastal Croatia. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnkica Sekovanić; Martina Piasek; Tatjana Orct; Antonija Sulimanec Grgec; Marijana Matek Sarić; Sandra Stasenko; Jasna Jurasović. 2020. "Mercury Exposure Assessment in Mother–Infant Pairs from Continental and Coastal Croatia." Biomolecules 10, no. 6: 1.
We investigated the level of five non-essential metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Hg, Tl, Pb) and nine essential metals (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo) in hair and blood components of captive and free-ranging European brown bear populations in Croatia and Poland. Metal(loid) associations with biomarkers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione-peroxidase, GSH-Px; malondialdehyde, MDA) and metal exposure (metallothionein, MT) were estimated in this top predatory mammal. Lead was the most abundant non-essential metal(loid) in both blood and hair, with 4 of 35 individuals having blood levels over 100 μg/L. A positive association was found between Pb level and SOD activity in blood. Free-ranging bears had higher blood SOD activity, Mn, Zn and Cd levels, hair Co, Cd, Tl and Pb compared to captive individuals, while the opposite was true for Mg and hair Ca thereby reflecting habitat and diet differences. With increasing age, animals showed lower levels of SOD activity and certain essential metals. Females had higher SOD activity and blood levels of some essential metals than males. Hair showed a higher Fe and Co level when sampled during the growth phase and was not predictive of non-essential metal(loid) blood levels. The established metal(loid) baseline values will enable future risk assessment in both captive and wild European brown bear populations.
Maja Lazarus; Tatjana Orct; Agnieszka Sergiel; Lana Vranković; Vlatka Filipović Marijić; Dubravka Rašić; Slaven Reljić; Jasna Aladrović; Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica; Filip Zięba; Jasna Jurasović; Marijana Erk; Robert Maślak; Nuria Selva; Đuro Huber. Metal(loid) exposure assessment and biomarker responses in captive and free-ranging European brown bear (Ursus arctos). Environmental Research 2020, 183, 109166 .
AMA StyleMaja Lazarus, Tatjana Orct, Agnieszka Sergiel, Lana Vranković, Vlatka Filipović Marijić, Dubravka Rašić, Slaven Reljić, Jasna Aladrović, Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, Filip Zięba, Jasna Jurasović, Marijana Erk, Robert Maślak, Nuria Selva, Đuro Huber. Metal(loid) exposure assessment and biomarker responses in captive and free-ranging European brown bear (Ursus arctos). Environmental Research. 2020; 183 ():109166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Lazarus; Tatjana Orct; Agnieszka Sergiel; Lana Vranković; Vlatka Filipović Marijić; Dubravka Rašić; Slaven Reljić; Jasna Aladrović; Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica; Filip Zięba; Jasna Jurasović; Marijana Erk; Robert Maślak; Nuria Selva; Đuro Huber. 2020. "Metal(loid) exposure assessment and biomarker responses in captive and free-ranging European brown bear (Ursus arctos)." Environmental Research 183, no. : 109166.
The main source of exposure for all essential and toxic elements in the general population is diet. In smokers, the main route for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) intake is the inhalation of tobacco smoke. Besides gender, age, nutrition, lifestyle, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, specific genetic characteristics also influence individual element uptake. Metallothionein MT2 is a cysteine-rich low-weight protein found ubiquitously throughout the body. Specific gene polymorphism may influence MT2 expression and subsequent binding, transfer and organ accumulation of metals, though data on these influences are lacking, especially in human mother-newborn pairs. The objective of this study was to determine selected toxic (Cd, Pb, Hg) and essential (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se) elements in maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood (by ICP-MS), and MT2 levels in maternal serum (by ELISA) in relation to maternal MT2A -5A/G (rs28366003) polymorphism (by RFLP-PCR and electrophoresis). Study participants were healthy postpartum women in Croatia (n=268, mean age 29 years) with term vaginal childbirth in a maternity ward assigned into two study groups by self-reporting about their smoking habit (by questionnaire). Smokers vs. non-smokers had increased levels of Cd and Pb in all measured samples, Fe and Cu in cord blood, Zn in placenta, and MT2 in maternal serum. Among subjects with AG/GG genotype, placental Fe was significantly lower only among non-smokers, while MT2 levels in serum were lower, though not significantly, regardless of maternal smoking habit. There was no impact of MT2A -5A/G SNP on any element in maternal or cord blood. In conclusion, the results confirmed maternal smoking-related increases in Cd and Pb levels in the maternal-placental-foetal unit. They also provided additional data on concomitant metal concentrations in representative samples of maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood, as well as increased cord blood Fe and Cu, placental Zn, and maternal serum MT2 in smokers. New evidence is that MT2A -5A/G SNP was associated with decreased placental Fe levels in non-smokers. For a final conclusion on the influence of the MT2A -5A/G polymorphism on toxic and essential element levels in mother-newborn pairs, further research would require a larger number of participants divided across subgroups defined by the main source of particular toxic metal exposure (such as specific food intake, cigarette smoking, air pollution and/or occupational exposure).
Ankica Sekovanić; Jasna Jurasović; Martina Piasek; Daria Pašalić; Tatjana Orct; Antonija Sulimanec Grgec; Sandra Stasenko; Karmen Branović Čakanić; Anamarija Jazbec. Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphism and trace elements in mother-newborn pairs in the Croatian population. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2018, 45, 163 -170.
AMA StyleAnkica Sekovanić, Jasna Jurasović, Martina Piasek, Daria Pašalić, Tatjana Orct, Antonija Sulimanec Grgec, Sandra Stasenko, Karmen Branović Čakanić, Anamarija Jazbec. Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphism and trace elements in mother-newborn pairs in the Croatian population. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2018; 45 ():163-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnkica Sekovanić; Jasna Jurasović; Martina Piasek; Daria Pašalić; Tatjana Orct; Antonija Sulimanec Grgec; Sandra Stasenko; Karmen Branović Čakanić; Anamarija Jazbec. 2018. "Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphism and trace elements in mother-newborn pairs in the Croatian population." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 45, no. : 163-170.
We evaluated the effect of lead (Pb) abatement measures in Croatia on blood lead (BPb) concentrations, and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in blood, as a sensitive indicator of early Pb effect. Data on BPb and ALAD activity were obtained from 829 Croatian men (19-64 years of age), with no known occupational exposure to metals. Data obtained in 2008-2009, after the ban of leaded gasoline in Croatia in 2006, were compared with similar data collected in 1981 and 1989, when the concentration of Pb in gasoline was 0.6 g/L. Our results showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) decrease in median BPb from 114.5 (range, 46.0-275.0) μg/L in 1981/1989 to 30.3 (range, 3.2-140.8) μg/L in 2008-2009 and an increase in median ALAD activity from 49.8 (range, 24.9-79.4) EU in 1981/1989 to 60.9 (range, 35.8-84.0) EU in 2008-2009. Individual factors influencing BPb values were, in the order of decreasing importance, Pb in ambient air (APb), alcohol consumption, age, and smoking. Increased ALAD activity was significantly associated with the decrease of APb, alcohol consumption, and smoking. These results show that lead abatement measures had a positive impact on both BPb concentrations (73.5% decrease) and the activity of ALAD (22.1% increase) in general population. Our results contribute to growing evidence that ALAD activity may be used as one of the earliest and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers of low-level Pb exposure.
Kljaković-Gašpić Zorana; Pizent Alica; Jurasović Jasna. Influence of abatement of lead exposure in Croatia on blood lead and ALAD activity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015, 23, 898 -907.
AMA StyleKljaković-Gašpić Zorana, Pizent Alica, Jurasović Jasna. Influence of abatement of lead exposure in Croatia on blood lead and ALAD activity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015; 23 (1):898-907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKljaković-Gašpić Zorana; Pizent Alica; Jurasović Jasna. 2015. "Influence of abatement of lead exposure in Croatia on blood lead and ALAD activity." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 1: 898-907.