The purpose of this study was to evaluate etiology and pregnancy outcome of recurrent miscarriage women. The enrolled patients (280) were evaluated for Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, Thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, chromosomal analysis, Haemoglobin A1C, blood sugar, Magnetic resonance imaging, 3D-ultrasound, auto-antibodies profile (antiphospholipid antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, antinuclear antibodies, anti-thyroid antibodies and β2 glycoprotein1), torch profile (Toxoplasmo gondii, rubella, cytomegalo virus and herpes simplex virus), blood vitamin D3 levels, psychological factors, Body mass index and thrombotic factors (protein S and C deficiency, Prothrombin G20210A mutation, anti-thrombin III, Factor V Leiden and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation), uterosalpingography (hysteronsalpingography) and hysteroscopy. The therapeutic regimens either singly or combined were employed for the treatment of recurrent miscarriage patients on the basis of etiology (single or multiple) and include intravenous immunoglobulin, low molecular weight heparin, low dose aspirin, levothyroxine, progesterone, folic acid, human chorionic gonadotrophin, vitamin D3, psychotherapy, genetic counselling. However, patients with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage were treated with progesterone supplementation, anticoagulation and/or immune modulatory agents. The incidence of primary recurrent miscarriage was highest and most of the women experienced recurrent miscarriage during first trimester. Endocrinological disorders (39%) were found as the major pathological factor for recurrent miscarriage. Other factors include uterine abnormalities (5.7%), vitamin D3 deficiency (3.5%), psychological factors (3.2%) infection (3.6%), autoimmune abnormalities (1.8%) and protein S deficiency (1.8%). However, 40% cases were idiopathic. The overall live birth rate achieved after the management of recurrent miscarriage patients was 75.7%. Enocrinopathy was the major cause of recurrent miscarriage. The overall live birth rate achieved was 75.7% with highest pregnancy outcome in secondary recurrent miscarriage patients after the management.

Despite its limited exploration, Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. can be beneficial if pharmacology, isolation, and biological evaluation are given attention. It is an aquatic species that belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. The thrust area of the work was the extraction, isolation, and biological evaluation of different extracts of the N. mexicana Zucc. plant. The primary goal of this research was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the extracts and to isolate the target naringenin compound. Comparative FT IR analysis of different extracts of this plant revealed the presence of functional groups of plant secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, esters, amines, glycosides, alkanes, alkaloids, fatty acids, and alcohols. Moderate free radical scavenging potential has been achieved for the various extracts via reducing power and DPPH assays. While cytotoxic activity was evaluated by colorimetric and lactate dehydrogenase cell viability tests on potent cancer cell lines. Lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A-549), and breast cells (MC-7) were treated with MeOH extract. The antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains was evaluated using Gram-positive and -negative cultures, where maximum and minimum inhibition zones were recorded for different strains, including 1.6–25.6 μg/mL for Streptococcus aureus, using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of N. mexicana Zucc. was evaluated in a nitrite radical scavenging assay with high concentrations of secondary metabolites, which are important against human pathogens and other diseases.