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Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropogenic interventions and climate variabilities. The result of these pressures is reflected in the sustainability of natural resources. Significant scientific efforts during the recent years focus on mitigating the effects of these pressures and on increasing the sustainability of natural resources. Hence, there is a need to develop specific indices and indicators that will reveal the areas having the highest risks. The Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI) was developed for this purpose. WLDI consists of eleven indicators and its outcome results from the spatiotemporal performance of these indicators. The WLDI is based on the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). The WLDI is applied for the period from October 1983 to September 1996, considering Greece as a study area. The results of the application of this index reveal the areas with the highest risks, especially in the agricultural sector, with less than the needed water quantities due to extensive periods of droughts. This index could be used by scientists, but also by policy makers, to better and more sustainably manage environmental pressures.
Demetrios E. Tsesmelis; Christos A. Karavitis; Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos; Andreas Tsatsaris; Efthimios Zervas; Constantina G. Vasilakou; Nikolaos Stathopoulos; Nikolaos A. Skondras; Stavros G. Alexandris; Christos Chalkias; Constantinos Kosmas. Development and Application of Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI). Earth 2021, 2, 515 -531.
AMA StyleDemetrios E. Tsesmelis, Christos A. Karavitis, Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos, Andreas Tsatsaris, Efthimios Zervas, Constantina G. Vasilakou, Nikolaos Stathopoulos, Nikolaos A. Skondras, Stavros G. Alexandris, Christos Chalkias, Constantinos Kosmas. Development and Application of Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI). Earth. 2021; 2 (3):515-531.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemetrios E. Tsesmelis; Christos A. Karavitis; Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos; Andreas Tsatsaris; Efthimios Zervas; Constantina G. Vasilakou; Nikolaos Stathopoulos; Nikolaos A. Skondras; Stavros G. Alexandris; Christos Chalkias; Constantinos Kosmas. 2021. "Development and Application of Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI)." Earth 2, no. 3: 515-531.
The effects of four main practices tillage versus no-tillage, and intensive grazing versus extensive grazing, applied in characteristic agricultural and grazing lands of Crete Island were evaluated in situ using nine soil quality indicators. The following nine representative indicators of soil quality were evaluated using the rapid visual assessment methodology adopted at European level in the context of the EU research project iSQAPER: susceptibility to water and wind erosion, surface ponding (under cropping), formation of tillage pan, soil color, soil porosity, soil structure, susceptibility to slaking, infiltration rate, and biodiversity status. These indicators were measured in 48 agricultural field-plots to adequately represent the four above-mentioned practices and the different types of geomorphological patterns existing in the area. Additionally, 38 agricultural fields were sampled in the topsoil to assess cultivation practices (tillage, no-tillage) on soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorous, and soil aggregate stability. Based on the indicators rating methodology, the appropriate statistical tests were applied and the soils under different managements were characterized in terms of their potential quality and their general agricultural value. The obtained data showed that in agricultural areas, significant differences were detected between tillage and no-tillage management practices for the indicators of soil structure and consistency and infiltration rate. In grazing land, significant differences were found for the soil quality indicators of susceptibility to erosion and infiltration rate for the corresponding practices of intensive and extensive grazing. Organic carbon content, exchangeable potassium content and aggregate stability were greatly affected in tillage versus no-tillage management practices.
Orestis Kairis; Chrysoula Aratzioglou; Athanasios Filis; Michel van Mol; Costas Kosmas. The Effect of Land Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators in Crete. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8619 .
AMA StyleOrestis Kairis, Chrysoula Aratzioglou, Athanasios Filis, Michel van Mol, Costas Kosmas. The Effect of Land Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators in Crete. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrestis Kairis; Chrysoula Aratzioglou; Athanasios Filis; Michel van Mol; Costas Kosmas. 2021. "The Effect of Land Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators in Crete." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8619.
Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations.
D. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; J. Albaladejo; V. Andreu; H. Bahri; S. Bernal; M. Biddoccu; R. Bienes; J. Campo; Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós; A. Canatário-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; V. Castillo; E. Cavallo; A. Cerdà; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; Elvira Diaz Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; J. Farguell; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Keesstra; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; A. Lucía; V.M. Marín-Moreno; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; Encarnación Taguas Ruiz; J.L. Rubio; S. Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.T. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; L. Wittenberg; A. Zabaleta; M. Zorn. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 609 .
AMA StyleD. Peña-Angulo, E. Nadal-Romero, J.C. González-Hidalgo, J. Albaladejo, V. Andreu, H. Bahri, S. Bernal, M. Biddoccu, R. Bienes, J. Campo, Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós, A. Canatário-Duarte, Y. Cantón, J. Casali, V. Castillo, E. Cavallo, A. Cerdà, P. Cid, N. Cortesi, G. Desir, Elvira Diaz Pereira, T. Espigares, J. Estrany, J. Farguell, M. Fernández-Raga, C.S. Ferreira, V. Ferro, F. Gallart, R. Giménez, E. Gimeno, J.A. Gómez, A. Gómez-Gutiérrez, H. Gómez-Macpherson, O. González-Pelayo, O. Kairis, G.P. Karatzas, S. Keesstra, S. Klotz, C. Kosmas, N. Lana-Renault, T. Lasanta, J. Latron, R. Lázaro, Y. Le Bissonnais, C. Le Bouteiller, F. Licciardello, J.A. López-Tarazón, A. Lucía, V.M. Marín-Moreno, C. Marín, M.J. Marqués, J. Martínez-Fernández, M. Martínez-Mena, L. Mateos, N. Mathys, L. Merino-Martín, M. Moreno-De Las Heras, N. Moustakas, J.M. Nicolau, V. Pampalone, D. Raclot, M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco, J. Rodrigo-Comino, A. Romero-Díaz, Encarnación Taguas Ruiz, J.L. Rubio, S. Schnabel, J.M. Senciales-González, A. Solé-Benet, E.V. Taguas, M.T. Taboada-Castro, F. Todisco, X. Úbeda, E.A. Varouchakis, L. Wittenberg, A. Zabaleta, M. Zorn. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (6):609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; J. Albaladejo; V. Andreu; H. Bahri; S. Bernal; M. Biddoccu; R. Bienes; J. Campo; Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós; A. Canatário-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; V. Castillo; E. Cavallo; A. Cerdà; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; Elvira Diaz Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; J. Farguell; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Keesstra; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; A. Lucía; V.M. Marín-Moreno; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; Encarnación Taguas Ruiz; J.L. Rubio; S. Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.T. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; L. Wittenberg; A. Zabaleta; M. Zorn. 2020. "Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin." Atmosphere 11, no. 6: 609.
Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.
Orestis Kairis; Vassiliki Dimitriou; Chrysoula Aratzioglou; Dionisios Gasparatos; Nicholas Yassoglou; Constantinos Kosmas; Nikolaos Moustakas. A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece. Land 2020, 9, 154 .
AMA StyleOrestis Kairis, Vassiliki Dimitriou, Chrysoula Aratzioglou, Dionisios Gasparatos, Nicholas Yassoglou, Constantinos Kosmas, Nikolaos Moustakas. A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece. Land. 2020; 9 (5):154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrestis Kairis; Vassiliki Dimitriou; Chrysoula Aratzioglou; Dionisios Gasparatos; Nicholas Yassoglou; Constantinos Kosmas; Nikolaos Moustakas. 2020. "A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece." Land 9, no. 5: 154.
The degradation of natural resources at an intense rate creates serious problems in the environmental systems particularly with the compounding effects of climatic vagaries and changes. On the one hand, desertification is a crucial universal, mostly an anthropogenic environmental issue affecting soils all over the world. On the other hand, drought is a natural phenomenon in direct association with reduced rainfall in various spatial and temporal frames. Vulnerabilities to drought and desertification are complex processes caused by environmental, ecological, social, economic and anthropogenic factors. Particularly for the Mediterranean semi-arid conditions, where the physical and structural systems are more vulnerable, the abuse and overuse of the natural resources lead to their degradation and ultimately, if the current trends continue, to their marginalization. The scope of the current effort is trying to find any common drivers for the pressures of both processes. Thus, the vulnerabilities to drought and desertification are comparing by using the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). The indices are calculated from October 1983 to September 1996 in Greece. Greece is prone to desertification and it is often experiencing intense droughts, thus it presents an almost ideal case study area. The results may indicate that the most important factor for such procedures is the deficits in water resources, either due to lower than usually expected rainfall or to higher societal water demand.
Demetrios E. Tsesmelis; Christos A. Karavitis; Panagiotis D. Oikonomou; Stavros Alexandris; Constantinos Kosmas. Assessment of the Vulnerability to Drought and Desertification Characteristics Using the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). Resources 2018, 8, 6 .
AMA StyleDemetrios E. Tsesmelis, Christos A. Karavitis, Panagiotis D. Oikonomou, Stavros Alexandris, Constantinos Kosmas. Assessment of the Vulnerability to Drought and Desertification Characteristics Using the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). Resources. 2018; 8 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemetrios E. Tsesmelis; Christos A. Karavitis; Panagiotis D. Oikonomou; Stavros Alexandris; Constantinos Kosmas. 2018. "Assessment of the Vulnerability to Drought and Desertification Characteristics Using the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI)." Resources 8, no. 1: 6.
This paper applies a resilience- and assemblage-based methodology to study the socio-ecological dynamics of human responses in the land degradation-affected Messara Valley (Crete, Greece) socio-ecological system, from 1950 to 2010. It posits that thesedynamics aredriven by changes in their effectiveness, called ‘socio-ecological fit’, to serve place- and time-specific goals. The socio-ecological fit expresses the degree to which the match among all the biophysical and human components of a Response Assemblage emerging in a socio-ecological system, maintains the socio-ecological resilience of this Assemblage. The socio-ecological resilience results is gauged by synthesizing three system-level properties (Resilience, Adaptability, Transformability) shaped by lower level properties that are assessed from available data. The reported application revealed that human responses (traditional land management, agricultural modernization and subsidized agriculture) and their effectiveness were driven by prioritizing economic and technological considerations that shaped the properties, socio-ecological resilience and fit of three main Response Assemblages formed over the study period, rather than combating land degradation. Agricultural modernization did not uniformly and necessarily lead to land degradation; the situated relationships among the components of the Response Assemblages determined its effects. The fit of future options can be assessed also to support rational land use planning. Refinements in the methodology include the development of techniques to: (a) assess and synthesize the properties of different components in order to improve assessments of socio-ecological resilience and fit and (b) study relationships among the properties of Response Assemblages emerging at different levels.
Vassilis Detsis; Helen Briassoulis; Constantinos Kosmas. The Socio-Ecological Dynamics of Human Responses in a Land Degradation-Affected Region: The Messara Valley (Crete, Greece). Land 2017, 6, 45 .
AMA StyleVassilis Detsis, Helen Briassoulis, Constantinos Kosmas. The Socio-Ecological Dynamics of Human Responses in a Land Degradation-Affected Region: The Messara Valley (Crete, Greece). Land. 2017; 6 (3):45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVassilis Detsis; Helen Briassoulis; Constantinos Kosmas. 2017. "The Socio-Ecological Dynamics of Human Responses in a Land Degradation-Affected Region: The Messara Valley (Crete, Greece)." Land 6, no. 3: 45.
This study investigates the relationship between fine resolution, local-scale biophysical and socioeconomic contexts within which land degradation occurs, and the human responses to it. The research draws on experimental data collected under different territorial and socioeconomic conditions at 586 field sites in five Mediterranean countries (Spain, Greece, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco). We assess the level of desertification risk under various land management practices (terracing, grazing control, prevention of wildland fires, soil erosion control measures, soil water conservation measures, sustainable farming practices, land protection measures and financial subsidies) taken as possible responses to land degradation. A data mining approach, incorporating principal component analysis, non-parametric correlations, multiple regression and canonical analysis, was developed to identify the spatial relationship between land management conditions, the socioeconomic and environmental context (described using 40 biophysical and socioeconomic indicators) and desertification risk. Our analysis identified a number of distinct relationships between the level of desertification experienced and the underlying socioeconomic context, suggesting that the effectiveness of responses to land degradation is strictly dependent on the local biophysical and socioeconomic context. Assessing the latent relationship between land management practices and the biophysical/socioeconomic attributes characterizing areas exposed to different levels of desertification risk proved to be an indirect measure of the effectiveness of field actions contrasting land degradation.
L. Salvati; C. Kosmas; O. Kairis; C. Karavitis; Sanem Acikalin; A. Belgacem; Albert Solé-Benet; M. Chaker; V. Fassouli; C. Gokceoglu; H. Gungor; R. Hessel; H. Khatteli; A. Kounalaki; A. Laouina; F. Ocakoglu; M. Ouessar; C. Ritsema; M. Sghaier; H. Sonmez; H. Taamallah; L. Tezcan; J. de Vente; C. Kelly; A. Colantoni; M. Carlucci. Assessing the effectiveness of sustainable land management policies for combating desertification: A data mining approach. Journal of Environmental Management 2016, 183, 754 -762.
AMA StyleL. Salvati, C. Kosmas, O. Kairis, C. Karavitis, Sanem Acikalin, A. Belgacem, Albert Solé-Benet, M. Chaker, V. Fassouli, C. Gokceoglu, H. Gungor, R. Hessel, H. Khatteli, A. Kounalaki, A. Laouina, F. Ocakoglu, M. Ouessar, C. Ritsema, M. Sghaier, H. Sonmez, H. Taamallah, L. Tezcan, J. de Vente, C. Kelly, A. Colantoni, M. Carlucci. Assessing the effectiveness of sustainable land management policies for combating desertification: A data mining approach. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016; 183 ():754-762.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Salvati; C. Kosmas; O. Kairis; C. Karavitis; Sanem Acikalin; A. Belgacem; Albert Solé-Benet; M. Chaker; V. Fassouli; C. Gokceoglu; H. Gungor; R. Hessel; H. Khatteli; A. Kounalaki; A. Laouina; F. Ocakoglu; M. Ouessar; C. Ritsema; M. Sghaier; H. Sonmez; H. Taamallah; L. Tezcan; J. de Vente; C. Kelly; A. Colantoni; M. Carlucci. 2016. "Assessing the effectiveness of sustainable land management policies for combating desertification: A data mining approach." Journal of Environmental Management 183, no. : 754-762.
The socio-ecological system dominated by pastureland in the Asteroussia Mountains (Crete, Greece) was analyzed over a long time interval (1945–2010) to identify the most relevant system’s characteristics and changes. Vegetation cover and land-uses have been quantified by analyzing aerial photographs exploring the whole study period. Soil characteristics have been assessed by carrying out an extensive field survey for the last reference year (2010) and by estimating the average soil loss for the past period using the PESERA soil erosion model validated by field measurements. Based on environmental, social and economic attributes, three major periods characterizing the socio-ecological system of Asteroussia Mountains have been distinguished. During the first and second period, the land was satisfactorily managed with moderate–low soil erosion rates despite the adverse (prevailing) soil, topographic and climate conditions for vegetation growth. The third time interval featured a rapid growth in the livestock density causing increased soil erosion rates, loss in plant productivity, and a generalized over-exploitation of natural resources. As a consequence, the desertification process has significantly increased in the last period. The analysis of the long-term evolution of socio-ecological system provided evidence to understand the main drivers of land degradation and to recommend mitigation policies specifically addressing Mediterranean pastureland.
Costas Kosmas; Vassilis Detsis; Mina Karamesouti; Kate Kounalaki; Penny Vassiliou; Luca Salvati. Exploring Long-Term Impact of Grazing Management on Land Degradation in the Socio-Ecological System of Asteroussia Mountains, Greece. Land 2015, 4, 541 -559.
AMA StyleCostas Kosmas, Vassilis Detsis, Mina Karamesouti, Kate Kounalaki, Penny Vassiliou, Luca Salvati. Exploring Long-Term Impact of Grazing Management on Land Degradation in the Socio-Ecological System of Asteroussia Mountains, Greece. Land. 2015; 4 (3):541-559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCostas Kosmas; Vassilis Detsis; Mina Karamesouti; Kate Kounalaki; Penny Vassiliou; Luca Salvati. 2015. "Exploring Long-Term Impact of Grazing Management on Land Degradation in the Socio-Ecological System of Asteroussia Mountains, Greece." Land 4, no. 3: 541-559.
An approach to derive relationships for defining land degradation and desertification risk and developing appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of the various land management practices using indicators is presented in the present paper. In order to investigate which indicators are most effective in assessing the level of desertification risk, a total of 70 candidate indicators was selected providing information for the biophysical environment, socio-economic conditions, and land management characteristics. The indicators were defined in 1,672 field sites located in 17 study areas in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Based on an existing geo-referenced database, classes were designated for each indicator and a sensitivity score to desertification was assigned to each class based on existing research. The obtained data were analyzed for the various processes of land degradation at farm level. The derived methodology was assessed using independent indicators, such as the measured soil erosion rate, and the organic matter content of the soil. Based on regression analyses, the collected indicator set can be reduced to a number of effective indicators ranging from 8 to 17 in the various processes of land degradation. Among the most important indicators identified as affecting land degradation and desertification risk were rain seasonality, slope gradient, plant cover, rate of land abandonment, land-use intensity, and the level of policy implementation.
C. Kosmas; Or. Kairis; Ch. Karavitis; C. Ritsema; L. Salvati; Sanem Acikalin; M. Alcalá; P. Alfama; J. Atlhopheng; J. Barrera; A. Belgacem; Albert Solé-Benet; J. Brito; M. Chaker; R. Chanda; C. Coelho; M. Darkoh; I. Diamantis; O. Ermolaeva; V. Fassouli; W. Fei; J. Feng; F. Fernandez; Antonio Ferreira; Candan Gokceoglu; D. Gonzalez; H. Gungor; R. Hessel; J. Juying; H. Khatteli; N. Khitrov; A. Kounalaki; A. Laouina; Piernicola Lollino; M. Lopes; L. Magole; L. Medina; M. Mendoza; P. Morais; K. Mulale; F. Ocakoglu; M. Ouessar; C. Ovalle; C. Perez; J. Perkins; F. Pliakas; Maurizio Polemio; A. Pozo; Christian Prat; Y. Qinke; A. Ramos; J. Ramos; J. Riquelme; Vladimir Romanenkov; L. Rui; Francesca Santaloia; R. Sebego; M. Sghaier; N. Silva; M. Sizemskaya; J. Soares; H. Sonmez; H. Taamallah; L. Tezcan; Dino Torri; F. Ungaro; Sandra Valente; J. De Vente; Erick Zagal; A. Zeiliguer; W. Zhonging; A. Ziogas. Evaluation and Selection of Indicators for Land Degradation and Desertification Monitoring: Methodological Approach. Environmental Management 2013, 54, 951 -970.
AMA StyleC. Kosmas, Or. Kairis, Ch. Karavitis, C. Ritsema, L. Salvati, Sanem Acikalin, M. Alcalá, P. Alfama, J. Atlhopheng, J. Barrera, A. Belgacem, Albert Solé-Benet, J. Brito, M. Chaker, R. Chanda, C. Coelho, M. Darkoh, I. Diamantis, O. Ermolaeva, V. Fassouli, W. Fei, J. Feng, F. Fernandez, Antonio Ferreira, Candan Gokceoglu, D. Gonzalez, H. Gungor, R. Hessel, J. Juying, H. Khatteli, N. Khitrov, A. Kounalaki, A. Laouina, Piernicola Lollino, M. Lopes, L. Magole, L. Medina, M. Mendoza, P. Morais, K. Mulale, F. Ocakoglu, M. Ouessar, C. Ovalle, C. Perez, J. Perkins, F. Pliakas, Maurizio Polemio, A. Pozo, Christian Prat, Y. Qinke, A. Ramos, J. Ramos, J. Riquelme, Vladimir Romanenkov, L. Rui, Francesca Santaloia, R. Sebego, M. Sghaier, N. Silva, M. Sizemskaya, J. Soares, H. Sonmez, H. Taamallah, L. Tezcan, Dino Torri, F. Ungaro, Sandra Valente, J. De Vente, Erick Zagal, A. Zeiliguer, W. Zhonging, A. Ziogas. Evaluation and Selection of Indicators for Land Degradation and Desertification Monitoring: Methodological Approach. Environmental Management. 2013; 54 (5):951-970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Kosmas; Or. Kairis; Ch. Karavitis; C. Ritsema; L. Salvati; Sanem Acikalin; M. Alcalá; P. Alfama; J. Atlhopheng; J. Barrera; A. Belgacem; Albert Solé-Benet; J. Brito; M. Chaker; R. Chanda; C. Coelho; M. Darkoh; I. Diamantis; O. Ermolaeva; V. Fassouli; W. Fei; J. Feng; F. Fernandez; Antonio Ferreira; Candan Gokceoglu; D. Gonzalez; H. Gungor; R. Hessel; J. Juying; H. Khatteli; N. Khitrov; A. Kounalaki; A. Laouina; Piernicola Lollino; M. Lopes; L. Magole; L. Medina; M. Mendoza; P. Morais; K. Mulale; F. Ocakoglu; M. Ouessar; C. Ovalle; C. Perez; J. Perkins; F. Pliakas; Maurizio Polemio; A. Pozo; Christian Prat; Y. Qinke; A. Ramos; J. Ramos; J. Riquelme; Vladimir Romanenkov; L. Rui; Francesca Santaloia; R. Sebego; M. Sghaier; N. Silva; M. Sizemskaya; J. Soares; H. Sonmez; H. Taamallah; L. Tezcan; Dino Torri; F. Ungaro; Sandra Valente; J. De Vente; Erick Zagal; A. Zeiliguer; W. Zhonging; A. Ziogas. 2013. "Evaluation and Selection of Indicators for Land Degradation and Desertification Monitoring: Methodological Approach." Environmental Management 54, no. 5: 951-970.