Over the last ten years, due to the increase in frequency and severity of climate change effects, resilience in buildings has become a growing topic in the current global discussion on climate change adaptation. Designing both sustainable and resilient constructions would help to face such effects; however, sustainability and resilience in design have been mostly treated separately so far. Since sustainability has been considered more than resilience, paying deeper attention to the latter is indispensable to reducing building vulnerability. The purpose of this article is to examine the commonalities between the sustainability and resilience of buildings using two different approaches: (i) a systematic literature review, taking into consideration a 10-year period for selecting records, and (ii) an analysis of five green building rating systems and five resilience rating systems and guidelines selected according to their popularity and number of certified buildings. There is an overlap in some indicators between the two domains at the building level, as shown by the results from both paths. These aspects could assist in considering sustainability and resilience from the very beginning of the design process. This will ensure that buildings may be designed more effectively by considering and enhancing the synergies between the two domains. This paper targets potential stakeholders who may be interested in including such an integrated implementation in their designs.

The sustainable renovation of existing buildings is currently at the top of the agenda of the European Union. Sustainability is typically defined as the result of the interaction of environmental, economic, and social aspects, and it is now considered a major target objective in all sectors of our economy, including the construction one. The concept of sustainable renovation has changed significantly over time, leading to the current interpretation that considers the need to simultaneously improve safety and resilience against natural hazards and minimise energy and resource consumption, as well as to reduce impacts along the life cycle of the building. This manuscript presents insights into combined/integrated environmental and seismic retrofitting techniques and assessment methods for the sustainable renovation of the existing building stock, specifically focussing on those conceived according to a Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) approach. This manuscript goes beyond the current available state of the art by highlighting the evolution of the concept of building sustainability throughout time, as well as defining a comprehensive taxonomy of available retrofitting strategies, while also identifying common clusters among available research papers. This research effort is part of the mission of the European Association of Earthquake Engineering (EAEE) Working Group 15 (WG15), which focusses on ‘combined seismic and environmental upgrading of existing buildings”.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in addressing human-induced impacts on the environment, with a particular focus on transitioning to sustainability and achieving carbon neutrality. However, the current implementation of Whole Life Carbon (WLC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the construction sector in the Czech Republic is hindered by several challenges. These include gaps in stakeholders’ knowledge, limited availability of LCA data on construction products and buildings, insufficient market incentives, and low institutional capacity. This study, conducted as part of the INDICATE project, aims to streamline the process of WLC calculation and establish a consistent national assessment method specific to the Czech context. The project encompasses various phases, i.e., a case study collection of office, multi-family, single-family, education, and logistic hall buildings, followed by the development of a comprehensive unified materials database, classification of building parts and uniform work with the bill of quantities, stakeholder engagement, an LCA of case studies with a sensitivity analysis, and WLC policy suggestions, including the quality of the project data, simplifications, and a benchmarks definition. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is calculated throughout the entire life cycle of each considered building, utilizing the EU Level(s) methodology incorporated in the OneClick LCA software. By adhering to these newly developed methodological steps, benchmarks for multi-residential buildings are shown. The same methodology could be replicated by stakeholders in other countries to enhance their evaluation processes and ensure consistent results across their projects.

Climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, threatening the resilience of buildings and urban infrastructure. While technical solutions for climate adaptation in buildings are well documented, their economic viability remains a critical, yet underexplored, dimension of decision-making. This novel systematic review analyzes publications with an exclusive focus on climate adaptation strategies for buildings using cost-based evaluation methods. This review categorises the literature into three methodological clusters: Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and alternative methods including artificial intelligence, simulation, and multi-criteria approaches. CBA emerges as the most frequently used and versatile tool, often applied to evaluate micro-scale flood protection and nature-based solutions. LCC is valuable for assessing long-term investment efficiency, particularly in retrofit strategies targeting energy and thermal performance. Advanced methods, such as genetic algorithms and AI-driven models, are gaining traction but face challenges in data availability and transparency. Most studies focus on residential buildings and flood-related hazards, with a growing interest in heatwaves, wildfires, and compound risk scenarios. Despite methodological advancements, challenges persist—including uncertainties in climate projections, valuation of non-market benefits, and limited cost data. This review highlights the need for integrated frameworks that combine economic, environmental, and social metrics, and emphasises the importance of stakeholder-inclusive, context-sensitive decision-making. Ultimately, aligning building adaptation with financial feasibility and long-term sustainability is achievable through improved data quality, flexible methodologies, and supportive policy instruments.