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Prof. Jacopo Gaspari
University of Bologna - Department of Architecture

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0 Sustainable Architecture
0 climate adaptation
0 Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
0 Urban Regeneration and Renewal
0 building renovation

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Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

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Journal article
Published: 09 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The sense of uncertainty and fragility due to the effects and magnitude of global challenges we are facing (from the circumstances of the pandemic to the impacts of climate change) requires—much more than in the past—the capacity to generate a visionary and forefront design approach in the young generation, with an aim to stimulate their reaction attitude rather than providing consolidated tools from past conditions that no longer exist or will rapidly evolve. Within this general framework, we have investigated the effectiveness and impacts of experienced-based methods of learning and innovative educational tools in architecture that are aimed at shaping expertise that addresses the aspects of environment and climate change in the context of socio-cultural dynamics, real potentialities and constraints, and their transdisciplinary trajectories. We analyzed five international pioneering teaching experiences that provided the opportunity to understand the outcomes of collaborative and experiential learning processes by which the educational activities leverage dialogue between diverse communities (including academia, citizens, policymakers, and practitioners). The study outcomes show that shifting the pedagogical paradigm towards experience-based models can improve the awareness of future practitioners for the climate implications of architectural design, implement their analysis and project skills, and trigger processes of knowledge transfer and co-production at the community level. Experience-based models also allow them to better address the societal and cultural issues involved in decision making.

ACS Style

Ernesto Antonini; Jacopo Gaspari; Cristina Visconti. Collaborative Learning Experiences in a Changing Environment: Innovative Educational Approaches in Architecture. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8895 .

AMA Style

Ernesto Antonini, Jacopo Gaspari, Cristina Visconti. Collaborative Learning Experiences in a Changing Environment: Innovative Educational Approaches in Architecture. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8895.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ernesto Antonini; Jacopo Gaspari; Cristina Visconti. 2021. "Collaborative Learning Experiences in a Changing Environment: Innovative Educational Approaches in Architecture." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8895.

Correction
Published: 25 May 2021 in Eng
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The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper

ACS Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Vincenzo Vodola; Giorgia Ferretti; Lorenzo Indio. Correction: Gaspari et al. A Simplified Algorithm to Predict Indoor Microclimate in Case of Courtyard Covering. A Case Study for the Courtyard of Palazzo Poggi in Bologna. Eng 2020, 1, 222–239. Eng 2021, 2, 227 -228.

AMA Style

Jacopo Gaspari, Kristian Fabbri, Vincenzo Vodola, Giorgia Ferretti, Lorenzo Indio. Correction: Gaspari et al. A Simplified Algorithm to Predict Indoor Microclimate in Case of Courtyard Covering. A Case Study for the Courtyard of Palazzo Poggi in Bologna. Eng 2020, 1, 222–239. Eng. 2021; 2 (2):227-228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Vincenzo Vodola; Giorgia Ferretti; Lorenzo Indio. 2021. "Correction: Gaspari et al. A Simplified Algorithm to Predict Indoor Microclimate in Case of Courtyard Covering. A Case Study for the Courtyard of Palazzo Poggi in Bologna. Eng 2020, 1, 222–239." Eng 2, no. 2: 227-228.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Since energy transition depends significantly on reducing the built environment’s energy needs, many regulations and incentives have been implemented globally over the last three decades. Despite some positive results, many scholars suggest that households’ behavioral change could greatly accelerate progress. People’s levels of awareness and willingness to change, as well as the provision of feedback technologies, are important factors affecting the process. In spite of the extent of this body of literature, household consumption keeps rising. Our thesis is that the subject has been investigated without considering some important correlations among factors. Therefore, this study developed a survey to investigate actual consumers’ perspectives on the topic by combining people’s awareness of energy use, interaction with metering devices, and user motivation into a coherent framework. A testing session involving 500 people was held as a validation phase for a future large-scale launch of the questionnaire. The test yielded some early outcomes on how people become more interested in changing as they gain more knowledge and are offered suggestions. However, despite their supposedly advanced knowledge as educators and students, the sample’s level of awareness was low, suggesting that a more user-centered approach is needed for wide-scale progress.

ACS Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Ernesto Antonini; Lia Marchi; Vincenzo Vodola. Energy Transition at Home: A Survey on the Data and Practices That Lead to a Change in Household Energy Behavior. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5268 .

AMA Style

Jacopo Gaspari, Ernesto Antonini, Lia Marchi, Vincenzo Vodola. Energy Transition at Home: A Survey on the Data and Practices That Lead to a Change in Household Energy Behavior. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Ernesto Antonini; Lia Marchi; Vincenzo Vodola. 2021. "Energy Transition at Home: A Survey on the Data and Practices That Lead to a Change in Household Energy Behavior." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5268.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The water storage capacity of a green roof generates several benefits for the building conterminous environment. The hydrologic performance is conventionally expressed by the runoff coefficient, according to international standards and guidelines. The runoff coefficient is a dimensionless number and defines the water retention performance over a long period. At the scale of single rain events, characterized by varying intensity and duration, the reaction of the green roof is scarcely investigated. The purpose of this study is to highlight how an extensive green roof—having a supposed minimum water performance, compared to an intensive one—responds to real and repetitive rain events, simulated in a rain chamber with controlled rain and runoff data. The experiment provides, through cumulative curve graphs, the behavior of the green roof sample during four rainy days. The simulated rain events are based on a statistical study (summarized in the paper) of 25 years of rain data for a specific location in North Italy characterized by an average rain/year of 1100 mm. The results prove the active response of the substrate, although thin and mineral, and quick draining, in terms of water retention and detention during intense rain events. The study raises questions about how to better express the water performance of green roofs.

ACS Style

Elena Giacomello; Jacopo Gaspari. Hydrologic Performance of an Extensive Green Roof under Intensive Rain Events: Results from a Rain-Chamber Simulation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3078 .

AMA Style

Elena Giacomello, Jacopo Gaspari. Hydrologic Performance of an Extensive Green Roof under Intensive Rain Events: Results from a Rain-Chamber Simulation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3078.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Giacomello; Jacopo Gaspari. 2021. "Hydrologic Performance of an Extensive Green Roof under Intensive Rain Events: Results from a Rain-Chamber Simulation." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3078.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2020 in Eng
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The renovation or the functional transformation of existing stock to meet the new comfort standards and energy demand reduction often requires comparing alternative technological options and designing solutions especially when it involves historical buildings where the main goal is usually to preserve the original image and value of the building. The paper reports a study regarding the potential covering of the inner courtyard of Palazzo Poggi in Bologna with a roof to create an intermediate new space between outdoors and indoors to be used all year long. The study is particularly focused on the definition of a simplified algorithm to predict and evaluate the annual temperature trend of the court, once it has been covered, assuming some geometrical and thermal characteristics of the roof. The paper describes the calculation algorithm and its application on the Palazzo Poggi case study where a covering in EFTE (ethylen-tetrafluorethylen) membrane is supposed to be created.

ACS Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Vincenzo Vodola; Giorgia Ferretti; Lorenzo Indio. A Simplified Algorithm to Predict Indoor Microclimate in Case of Courtyard Covering. A Case Study for the Courtyard of Palazzo Poggi in Bologna. Eng 2020, 1, 222 -239.

AMA Style

Jacopo Gaspari, Kristian Fabbri, Vincenzo Vodola, Giorgia Ferretti, Lorenzo Indio. A Simplified Algorithm to Predict Indoor Microclimate in Case of Courtyard Covering. A Case Study for the Courtyard of Palazzo Poggi in Bologna. Eng. 2020; 1 (2):222-239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Vincenzo Vodola; Giorgia Ferretti; Lorenzo Indio. 2020. "A Simplified Algorithm to Predict Indoor Microclimate in Case of Courtyard Covering. A Case Study for the Courtyard of Palazzo Poggi in Bologna." Eng 1, no. 2: 222-239.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Energies
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The evidences of the influence of climate change (CC) in most of the key sectors of human activities are frequently reported by the news and media with increasing concern. The building sector, and particularly energy use in the residential sector, represents a crucial field of investigation as demonstrated by specific scientific literature. The paper reports a study on building energy consumption and the related effect on indoor thermal comfort considering the impacts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2018 report about temperature increase projection. The research includes a case study in New York City, assuming three different scenarios. The outcomes evidence a decrease in energy demand for heating and an increase in energy demand for cooling, with a relevant shift due to the summer period temperature variations. The challenge of the last decades for sustainable design was to increase insulation for improving thermal behavior, highly reducing the energy demand during winter time, however, the projections over the next decades suggest that the summer regime will represent a future and major challenge in order to reduce overheating and ensure comfortable (or at least acceptable) living conditions inside buildings. The growing request of energy for cooling is generating increasing pressure on the supply system with peaks in the case of extreme events that lead to the grid collapse and to massive blackouts in several cities. This is usually tackled by strengthening the energy infrastructure, however, the users’ behavior and lifestyle will strongly influence the system capacity in stress conditions. This study focuses on the understanding of these phenomena and particularly on the relevance of the users’ perception of indoor comfort, assuming the IPCC projections as the basis for a future scenario.

ACS Style

Kristian Fabbri; Jacopo Gaspari; Licia Felicioni. Climate Change Effect on Building Performance: A Case Study in New York. Energies 2020, 13, 3160 .

AMA Style

Kristian Fabbri, Jacopo Gaspari, Licia Felicioni. Climate Change Effect on Building Performance: A Case Study in New York. Energies. 2020; 13 (12):3160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristian Fabbri; Jacopo Gaspari; Licia Felicioni. 2020. "Climate Change Effect on Building Performance: A Case Study in New York." Energies 13, no. 12: 3160.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2020 in Energies
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The paper reports a methodology developed to map energy consumption of the building stock at the urban scale on a GIS environment. Energy consumption has been investigated, focusing on the shift from the individual building scale to the district one with the purpose of identifying larger homogenous energy use areas for addressing policies and plans to improve the quality and the performance levels at the city scale. The urban planning zoning concept was extended to the energy issue to include the energy behavior of each zone that depends on the performance of its individual buildings. The methodology generates GIS maps providing a district scale visualization of energy consumption according to shared criteria. A case study in Bologna city (Italy) is provided. In the specific case, the last update of Emilia-Romagna regional urban planning regulation required a mapping action regarding energy efficiency of homogeneous urban portions defined by the General Urban Plan. The main achieved results are (a) a methodology to identify homogeneous areas for analyzing energy consumption; (b) an updated energy map of Bologna Municipality.

ACS Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Michaela De Giglio; Ernesto Antonini; Vincenzo Vodola. A GIS-Based Methodology for Speedy Energy Efficiency Mapping: A Case Study in Bologna. Energies 2020, 13, 2230 .

AMA Style

Jacopo Gaspari, Michaela De Giglio, Ernesto Antonini, Vincenzo Vodola. A GIS-Based Methodology for Speedy Energy Efficiency Mapping: A Case Study in Bologna. Energies. 2020; 13 (9):2230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Michaela De Giglio; Ernesto Antonini; Vincenzo Vodola. 2020. "A GIS-Based Methodology for Speedy Energy Efficiency Mapping: A Case Study in Bologna." Energies 13, no. 9: 2230.

Review
Published: 21 April 2020 in Energies
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While indoor comfort represents a widely investigated research topic with relation to sustainable development and energy-demand reduction in the built environment, outdoor comfort remains an open field of study, especially with reference to the impacts of climate change and the quality of life for inhabitants, particularly in urban contexts. Despite the relevant efforts spent in the last few decades to advance the understanding of phenomena and the knowledge in this specific field, which obtained much evidence for the topic’s relevance, a comprehensive picture of the studies, as well as a classification of the interconnected subjects and outcomes, is still lacking. This paper reports the outcomes of a literature review aimed at screening the available resources dealing with outdoor thermal comfort, in order to provide a state-of-the-art review that identifies the main topics focused by the researchers, as well as the barriers in defining suitable indexes for assessing thermal comfort in outdoor environments. Although several accurate models and software are available to quantify outdoor human comfort, the evocated state of mind of the final user still remains at the core of this uncertain process.

ACS Style

Ernesto Antonini; Vincenzo Vodola; Jacopo Gaspari; Michaela De Giglio. Outdoor Wellbeing and Quality of Life: A Scientific Literature Review on Thermal Comfort. Energies 2020, 13, 2079 .

AMA Style

Ernesto Antonini, Vincenzo Vodola, Jacopo Gaspari, Michaela De Giglio. Outdoor Wellbeing and Quality of Life: A Scientific Literature Review on Thermal Comfort. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):2079.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ernesto Antonini; Vincenzo Vodola; Jacopo Gaspari; Michaela De Giglio. 2020. "Outdoor Wellbeing and Quality of Life: A Scientific Literature Review on Thermal Comfort." Energies 13, no. 8: 2079.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Despite studies on thermal comfort being consolidated in the scientific literature, people’s well-being in some specific conditions and places, such as hospitals, requires to be further explored. The paper describes the methodological approach adopted to evaluate thermal comfort level and perception of pregnant women hosted in the obstetric ward of a test-bed case (Sant’Orsola hospital in Bologna, Italy). The methodology adopts a mixed approach that compares the results of on-site monitoring by probe (as quantitative data) with the ones of a survey (questionnaire form) delivered to the involved subjects (as qualitative data) to understand if metabolic alteration may influence the pregnant women’s perception of comfort conditions. The first follows ISO 7730, the second, ISO 10551. The comparison between the instrumental collected data and the outcomes of the survey revealed a wide gap between TSV (Thermal Sensation Vote) and PMVm (Predicted Mean Vote, measured on-site). The reason can be identified in the use of a standardized metabolic unit from ISO that does not correctly reflect the physiologic condition of pregnant women. Following a trial and error methodology, a met value for pregnant women is accordingly proposed. Moreover, an adaptive thermal comfort approach is adopted. This research is a first step towards the definition of specific thermal comfort in a hospital ward hosting pregnant women and more generally offers a reflection about the need to define specific met in the standards for some particular categories (children, elderly, pregnant women, etc.) when investigating thermal comfort.

ACS Style

Kristian Fabbri; Jacopo Gaspari; Laura Vandi. Indoor Thermal Comfort of Pregnant Women in Hospital: A Case Study Evidence. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6664 .

AMA Style

Kristian Fabbri, Jacopo Gaspari, Laura Vandi. Indoor Thermal Comfort of Pregnant Women in Hospital: A Case Study Evidence. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristian Fabbri; Jacopo Gaspari; Laura Vandi. 2019. "Indoor Thermal Comfort of Pregnant Women in Hospital: A Case Study Evidence." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6664.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2019 in Buildings
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The scientific literature offers a wide range of studies evidencing the progress done in the retrofit actions dealing with the current building stock; however, renovations of hospitals are still an open field of research due to their typical complexity that is usually associated with a very challenging updating processes to maintain or increase operational level. The paper provides a synthesis of a study developed by a team of the Department of Architecture for Saint Orsola Hospital in Bologna with the scope to explore innovative retrofitting strategies. The brief provided by the management unit of the hospital was connected to the general renovation plan involving the entire site and particularly some existing buildings taking into account some limitations concerning budget availabilities and everyday activities needed to ensure acceptable service level for the end users. The design approach starts from defining a basic unit (a typical hospital room) that is deeply analyzed to report the starting conditions (indoor environmental parameters) and then used to simulate the potential impacts of retrofitting actions on its performances. The results allowed to parametrically develop a step by step strategy scaled on each building sector and on the building as a whole to evaluate the global impact on energy performances while considering time and costs of each retrofitting options.

ACS Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Linda Gabrielli. A Study on Parametric Design Application to Hospital Retrofitting for Improving Energy Savings and Comfort Conditions. Buildings 2019, 9, 220 .

AMA Style

Jacopo Gaspari, Kristian Fabbri, Linda Gabrielli. A Study on Parametric Design Application to Hospital Retrofitting for Improving Energy Savings and Comfort Conditions. Buildings. 2019; 9 (10):220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Linda Gabrielli. 2019. "A Study on Parametric Design Application to Hospital Retrofitting for Improving Energy Savings and Comfort Conditions." Buildings 9, no. 10: 220.

Conference paper
Published: 21 June 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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The increasing attention paid to the effects of climate change on the dense urban fabric of contemporary cities had led Public Authorities to develop local adaptation plans in order to suggest some effective measures to mitigate and reduce the impacts of urban heat island [UHI] and heat waves as well as to improve water management capacity. Among the suggested actions, the greening of in-between spaces of the built environment and the introduction of new green surfaces (roof and/or facades) in the framework of wider regeneration plans offers interesting perspectives and impacts. The paper reports the outcomes of a research activity run by the Department of Architecture and the Municipality of Bologna to investigate how to define/optimize the most effective arrangement of greening solutions with the aim to improve outdoor comfort conditions. The study takes into account several aspects including paved/green surfaces extension, the use of material, the geometry of the site, etc. and simulate the potential effects of changes using simulation software ENVIMET. Once the main features of each site are modelled the different deriving scenarios can be compared evaluating the different architectural, economical and practical constraints. The results are then compared with other factors, related to the social aspects, the use of the spaces, the perception of the sites, etc. A district of the city of Bologna is used as test bed in order to test the proposed methodology and the related potential impacts.

ACS Style

J Gaspari; K Fabbri. Greening Actions and the Related Potential Impacts on Outdoor Comfort in a Dense Built Environment. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 290, 012163 .

AMA Style

J Gaspari, K Fabbri. Greening Actions and the Related Potential Impacts on Outdoor Comfort in a Dense Built Environment. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 290 (1):012163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J Gaspari; K Fabbri. 2019. "Greening Actions and the Related Potential Impacts on Outdoor Comfort in a Dense Built Environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 290, no. 1: 012163.

Conference paper
Published: 21 June 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Despite many progress have been done in the renovation of the existing stock, retrofitting hospitals and other strategic buildings still represent a very challenging issue both for their complex articulation and for the need to maintain acceptable operational level. The paper reports a research activity, run at the Department of Architecture in cooperation with S. Orsola Hospital in Bologna, aimed at investigating innovative strategies for retrofitting to meet the highest energy efficiency standards at national level. The main goal of the administration was to set a renovation plan – taking into account some limitations concerning the existing building features and the budget availabilities – able to remarkably reduce energy demand while creating the minimum disruption for end users. The starting position of the research was to preserve the historical image of the building while defining a strategy to insulate it from inside. The novelty of design approach lied in defining a basic working unit which was associated to the typical room of the stay division that was used to analyse the starting conditions (indoor comfort and environmental parameters) and simulate via software modelling the potential improvements. This led to define a step by step strategy that was translated into global intervention scenarios while the basic working unit was properly re-designed and validated. This approach allowed to define a parametric strategy able to predict the impacts of renovation on each floor, on each wing and on the system as a whole while assigning a specific unit cost and a reliable renovation timing.

ACS Style

J Gaspari; K Fabbri; L Gabrielli. Retrofitting Hospitals: a Parametric Design Approach to Optimize Energy Efficiency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 290, 012130 .

AMA Style

J Gaspari, K Fabbri, L Gabrielli. Retrofitting Hospitals: a Parametric Design Approach to Optimize Energy Efficiency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 290 (1):012130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J Gaspari; K Fabbri; L Gabrielli. 2019. "Retrofitting Hospitals: a Parametric Design Approach to Optimize Energy Efficiency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 290, no. 1: 012130.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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The study is aimed at evaluating the potential effects of alternative design solutions with different green elements on outdoor microclimate with relation to a real case study application. The study has been commissioned in the framework of the follow up of a design competition, launched by the Municipality of Cesena to reshape a square in the historic city center, when a public debate raised around the arrangement of trees and green surfaces envisaged by the architectural layout. Different options were considered and the design team and the public authorities sought for evidences on the deriving benefits in the respective configurations in order to properly drive the process. Thus the scientific research approach was applied to investigate the potential impacts according to a microclimate oriented perspective. The outcomes showed that green surfaces significantly improved the outdoor comfort conditions compared to original paved ones and that a minor contribution derived by the trees arrangement. The paper reports the applied methodology according to the specific context, the interpretation of results and how they have been translated into user friendly visualizations in order to make them understandable to a broader and non technical audience.

ACS Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Martina Lucchi. The use of outdoor microclimate analysis to support decision making process: Case study of Bufalini square in Cesena. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 42, 206 -215.

AMA Style

Jacopo Gaspari, Kristian Fabbri, Martina Lucchi. The use of outdoor microclimate analysis to support decision making process: Case study of Bufalini square in Cesena. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 42 ():206-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Gaspari; Kristian Fabbri; Martina Lucchi. 2018. "The use of outdoor microclimate analysis to support decision making process: Case study of Bufalini square in Cesena." Sustainable Cities and Society 42, no. : 206-215.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2015 in Buildings
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A considerable part of recent EU policies is currently addressed at developing effective measures to support the transition towards a low carbon society according to the principles and goals of Roadmap to 2050. In this general framework the links between the development of low-emission strategies and climate-resilient approaches to buildings play a key role. As most part of the existing building stock was built before the 1980s, retrofit and renovation actions are widely investigated. Despite progress in this field, relatively little attention has been given to the connections between the achievable energy savings and the energy investment needed to pursue the renovation process and to how technological choices can impact on the energy balance according to a multi-criteria perspective. The paper will explore how different technologies and design solutions to building envelopes cladding contribute to the reduction of the heat gains in urban environments and how appropriate adaptive strategies can further mitigate against accelerated greenhouse emissions. It will discuss the relationship between individual building performance and consequent effect on external environment. The effects of technological and material choices are evaluated for some design scenarios and conditions in order to develop an indicative impact mode.

ACS Style

David Dernie; Jacopo Gaspari. Building Envelope Over-Cladding: Impact on Energy Balance and Microclimate. Buildings 2015, 5, 715 -735.

AMA Style

David Dernie, Jacopo Gaspari. Building Envelope Over-Cladding: Impact on Energy Balance and Microclimate. Buildings. 2015; 5 (2):715-735.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Dernie; Jacopo Gaspari. 2015. "Building Envelope Over-Cladding: Impact on Energy Balance and Microclimate." Buildings 5, no. 2: 715-735.