The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effects of fertilization, environment, and their interactions on the thousand grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW) and grain yield (GY) of winter triticale, and (2) the correlations between these traits in different environments. The invariable nitrogen (80 kg N ha⁻¹), potassium (60 kg K₂O ha⁻¹) and two phosphorus (60 and 100 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) doses were used in Kragujevac location in central Serbia. Nitrogen was applied individually and in combination with two phosphorus rates and one rate of potassium fertilizer. Eight fertilization treatment controls and N₈₀, P₆₀, P₁₀₀, N₈₀P₆₀K₆₀, N₈₀P₁₀₀K₆₀, N₈₀P₆₀ and N₈₀P₁₀₀ were examined during three growing seasons. The yield and quality of triticale significantly varied across years and treatments. The average yield of all treatments in the 2015 growing season was significantly greater than in the previous years (3.597 t ha⁻¹). Combined usage of NPK fertilizer (80 kg N ha⁻¹, 100 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ and 60 kg K₂O ha⁻¹) represented the excellent base for optimum supply of major nutrients, resulting in maximum GY (4.0 t ha⁻¹). Negative and significant correlation was found between grain GY and TGW (−0.392^*) in 2015, and positive highly significant correlation were in 2013 (0.648^**) and 2014 (0.493^**). The positive effect over complete application of fertilizer is the result of a lower pH value of the soil, as well as the low content of available phosphorus and potassium in Vertisol soil type. Optimizing fertilization for maximum profitability is of great importance in the future triticale production in Pannonian Environments.

Background: Modern methods of stored wheat grain protection from insect pests strive towards optimizing the use of different techniques and methods within integrated pest management (IPM) programs. One of the methods of integral grain protection is the application of natural originating insecticides. Main body: The potential of the natural origin synthetic insecticide abamectin (a product of soil bacteria, Streptomyces avermitilis fermentation) on the grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), in stored wheat, barley, ray, oats, and triticale was evaluated. The evaluation was conducted in 3 rates. The effects of its application on the infestation of R. dominica on certain physical and chemical traits of cereal grains were examined. The efficacy of abamectin after 7 days of exposure, in all applied dosages, was low (< 56.5% in wheat and < 30.5% in other grains). Abamectin efficacy was significantly increased after 14 days of exposure. R. dominica mortality was 99.0 and 100% after 21-day exposure at the abamectin rates of 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Ten weeks after grain treatment, the 3 examined rates prevented the emergence of progeny. The amount of the damaged grains and dockage, as a nus-product of feeding of R. dominica larvae and imago, compared to the untreated, infested sample was significantly smaller, which represents a positive aspect of abamectin application. The application did not change significantly the moisture, protein, and ash contents, in comparison to the control. Conclusion: Positive aspects of the abamectin application on different grain species (wheat, barley, rye, oats, and triticale) caused the highest rates of R. dominica mortality after 21 days of exposure where a total prevention of progeny emergence and absence of changes on technological grain properties occurred.

Due to its negative impact on the yield and quality of stored grains, the aim of this research was to study the influence of Rhyzopertha dominica F. on rheological properties of wheat flour obtained from grains infested by examined pest. A rheological laboratory device - Mixolab was employed in order to simulate the production process of bread (from the beginning of dough mixing until the end of bread baking). Wet gluten and gluten index, as significant flour quality parameters, were also determined. The flour of wheat varieties Planeta and Kruna was used in these experiments. The samples of both varieties infested with R. dominica (infested samples) were characterized and compared to their uninfested counterparts (control samples). Infested samples expressed a lower gluten index content, greater weakening of the gluten network upon mixing and heating, as well as lower starch gelatinization viscosity in comparison to control samples. Changes in the gluten index value were more pronounced in Planeta variety which was characterized with a higher degree of infestation. Determined changes in rheological properties of infested wheat were mainly dependent on a degree of infestation. However, a varietal dependency on the intensity of changes in technological quality cannot be neglected.

Bread wheat is one of the most represented field crops whose level and stability of yield is very important for the food security in Republic Serbia. In the paper was investigated stability of yield expression of 15 winter bread wheat genotypes in different agroecological conditions of Serbia, using the Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and GGE-biplot method of analysis. Aim of investigation was to determine which of applied analysis is superior in identification of the most desirable genotypes for cultivation in given environments. Analysis of variance showed that genotype and genotype-environment (G×E) interaction represent highly significant sources of variability in expression of grain yield. AMMI and GGE analyses were point out similar results and an indisputable conclusion is that multienvironment trials, besides routine usage of analysis of variance, must be analized with one of this two models, which combine analysis of variance and PCA analysis. AMMI analysis is simpler for interpretation and closer to the concept of view of the agronomical trial, while GGE analysis is more complex and gives more precise interpretation of "which-won-where", i .e. for defining of narrowly adapted genotypes in given environments. Thus, G11 as the genotype with highest average yield is narrow adapted to the environment Sombor and can be recommended, as well as in the environment 2 (Kruševac), while genotypes with modest requests (G2) rather can be recommended for cultivation in the environment 1 (Kragujevac), which is characterized by less fertile soil and a smaller amount and uneven distribution of precipitation.