Flexible, manageable, and more efficient energy storage solutions have increased the demand for electric vehicles. A powerful battery pack would power the driving motor of electric vehicles. The battery power density, longevity, adaptable electrochemical behavior, and temperature tolerance must be understood. Battery management systems are essential in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. This article addresses concerns, difficulties, and solutions related to batteries. The battery management system covers voltage and current monitoring; charge and discharge estimation, protection, and equalization; thermal management; and battery data actuation and storage. Furthermore, this study characterized the various cell balancing circuit types, their components, current and voltage stresses, control reliability, power loss, efficiency, size and cost, and their benefits and drawbacks. Secondly, we review concerns and challenges in battery management systems. Furthermore, we identify problems and obstacles that need additional attention for optimal and sustainable battery management systems for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. Our last topic will be on issues for further research.

The smart grid idea was implemented as a modern interpretation of the traditional power grid to find out the most efficient way to combine renewable energy and storage technologies. Throughout this way, big data and the Internet always provide a revolutionary solution for ensuring that electrical energy linked intelligent grid, also known as the energy Internet. The blockchain has some significant features, making it an applicable technology for smart grid standards to solve the security issues and trust challenges. This study will present a rigorous review of blockchain implementations with the cyber security perception and energy data protections in smart grids. As a result, we describe the major security issues of smart grid scenarios that big data and blockchain can solve. Then, we identify a variety of recent blockchain‐based research works published in various literature and discuss security concerns on smart grid systems. We also discuss numerous similar practical designs, experiments, and items that have recently been developed. Finally, we go through some of the most important research problems and possible directions for using blockchain to address smart grid security concerns.

The prominent electric vehicle technology, energy storage system, and voltage balancing circuits are most important in the automation industry for the global environment and economic issues. The energy storage system has a great demand for their high specific energy and power, high‐temperature tolerance, and long lifetime in the electric vehicle market. For reducing the individual battery or super capacitor cell‐damaging change, capacitive loss over the charging or discharging time and prolong the lifetime on the string, the cell balancing is compulsory. The electric vehicles drive train architecture, overall applicable energy storage system, and the balancing circuit categories as cell‐to‐heat, cell‐to‐cell, cell‐to‐pack, pack‐to‐cell, and cell‐to‐pack‐to‐cell are reviewed. The comparative study has shown the different key factors of market available electric vehicles, different types of energy storage systems, and voltage balancing circuits. The study will help the researcher improve the high efficient energy storage system and balancing circuit that is highly applicable to the electric vehicle.