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Strawberry, belonging to the Fragaria genus, is an important crop that produces popular fruits globally. F. vesca, known as wild strawberry, has great characteristics, such as a robust and powerful aroma, making it an important germplasm resource. The present study aims to establish an efficient regeneration method for the in vitro propagation of F. vesca. Firstly, leaf explants were used to induce callus formation on a Murashige and Skoog medium with combinations of cytokinins (thidiazuron (TDZ) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA)) and auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)). Among them, 0.45–4.54 µM TDZ combined with 0.45–4.53 µM 2.4-D exhibited a high induction rate after 4 weeks of culturing. Different explants were examined for their ability to form a callus, and whole leaves on the medium containing 2.27 µM TDZ and 2.27 µM 2,4-D showed the highest callus induction rate at 100% after 2 weeks of culturing in darkness. The highest shoot regeneration ability through organogenesis from the callus was obtained at 0.44 µM BA. After 2 weeks of culturing, the shoot regeneration rate and shoot number per explant were 96% and 19.4 shoots on an average, respectively. Rooting of shoots was achieved using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or an α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)-containing medium, and the resulting plantlets were acclimatized successfully and formed flowers eventually. In this report, we demonstrated that shoot organogenesis was derived from the meristematic cells of calli and by transferring the induced calli to a 0.44 µM BA medium, the regeneration period can be shortened greatly. A protocol for the efficient regeneration of wild strawberry was established, which might be useful for their large-scale propagation or obtaining transgenic plants in the future.
Hsiao-Hang Chung; Hui-Yao Ouyang. Use of Thidiazuron for High-Frequency Callus Induction and Organogenesis of Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Plants 2020, 10, 67 .
AMA StyleHsiao-Hang Chung, Hui-Yao Ouyang. Use of Thidiazuron for High-Frequency Callus Induction and Organogenesis of Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Plants. 2020; 10 (1):67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao-Hang Chung; Hui-Yao Ouyang. 2020. "Use of Thidiazuron for High-Frequency Callus Induction and Organogenesis of Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca)." Plants 10, no. 1: 67.
Polyacetylene compounds from Bidens pilosa are known to have several pharmacological activities. In this study, we identified major genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polyacetylene in B. pilosa. Seven polyacetylene metabolites present in B. pilosa leaves were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and physical wounding. Transcriptome analysis via high-throughput sequencing revealed 39 202 annotated gene fragment sequences. A DNA microarray established by the 39 202 annotated genes was used to profile gene expression in B. pilosa leaf and root tissues. As no polyacetylene compounds were found in roots, the gene expression pattern in root tissue was used as a negative control. By subtracting MeJA-induced genes in roots, we obtained 1216 genes in leaves showing an approximate three-fold increase in expression post-MeJA treatment. Nine genes encoding enzymes with desaturation function were selected for confirmation of expression by qRT–PCR. Among them, two genes, BPTC030748 and BPTC012564, were predicted to encode Δ12-oleate desaturase (OD) and Δ12-fatty acid acetylenase (FAA), respectively. In B. pilosa leaves, RNAi knock-down concomitantly decreased, while virus-mediated transient overexpression of either gene elevated polyacetylene content. In summary, we demonstrate that two important enzymes, Δ12-oleate desaturase and Δ12-fatty acid acetylenase, involved in desaturation of linear fatty acid precursors play a role in polyacetylene biosynthesis in an important medicinal plant, Bidens pilosa.
Hisao-Hang Chung; Hieng-Ming Ting; Wei-Hsi Wang; Ya-Ting Chao; Cheng-Han Hsieh; Maria Karmella Apaya; Yi-Chang Sung; Shih-Shun Lin; Fang-Yu Hwu; Lie-Fen Shyur. Elucidation of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of bioactive polyacetylenes in Bidens pilosa using integrated omics approaches. Journal of Experimental Botany 2020, 72, 525 -541.
AMA StyleHisao-Hang Chung, Hieng-Ming Ting, Wei-Hsi Wang, Ya-Ting Chao, Cheng-Han Hsieh, Maria Karmella Apaya, Yi-Chang Sung, Shih-Shun Lin, Fang-Yu Hwu, Lie-Fen Shyur. Elucidation of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of bioactive polyacetylenes in Bidens pilosa using integrated omics approaches. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2020; 72 (2):525-541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHisao-Hang Chung; Hieng-Ming Ting; Wei-Hsi Wang; Ya-Ting Chao; Cheng-Han Hsieh; Maria Karmella Apaya; Yi-Chang Sung; Shih-Shun Lin; Fang-Yu Hwu; Lie-Fen Shyur. 2020. "Elucidation of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of bioactive polyacetylenes in Bidens pilosa using integrated omics approaches." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 2: 525-541.
Raw materials used for black garlic (BG) processing were collected from the major garlic production areas in Northern Thailand. Five of those were identified as of Thai origin (accession G1–G5), and accession G6 was of the Chinese variety. They were initially analyzed for varietal differences using morphological characteristics and genetic variation. Fresh materials from each accession were dried to the same moisture content (55%–60%) and BG processed at 75°C, 90% relative humidity (RH) for 15 days. Thereafter, physiochemical and chemical profiles were analyzed and compared. The dendrogram from random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints grouped G2, G3, G4, and G5 as closely related while G1 and G6 were out‐groups. Prior to BG processing, the pH of fresh garlic was approximately 6.3 and decreased to 3.7, thereafter. The contents of chemical properties were independent with genotypes. BG processing improved phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant but the content of thiosulfinate was minimized in all BG samples. Overall, result indicated that garlics grown in Northern Thailand were genotypically variable. BG processing altered physical and chemical appearance, and these changes were independent with the genotypes.
Piyachat Sunanta; Hsiao‐Hang Chung; Kaewalin Kunasakdakul; Warintorn Ruksiriwanich; Pensak Jantrawut; Surat Hongsibsong; Sarana Rose Sommano. Genomic relationship and physiochemical properties among raw materials used for Thai black garlic processing. Food Science & Nutrition 2020, 8, 4534 -4545.
AMA StylePiyachat Sunanta, Hsiao‐Hang Chung, Kaewalin Kunasakdakul, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich, Pensak Jantrawut, Surat Hongsibsong, Sarana Rose Sommano. Genomic relationship and physiochemical properties among raw materials used for Thai black garlic processing. Food Science & Nutrition. 2020; 8 (8):4534-4545.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiyachat Sunanta; Hsiao‐Hang Chung; Kaewalin Kunasakdakul; Warintorn Ruksiriwanich; Pensak Jantrawut; Surat Hongsibsong; Sarana Rose Sommano. 2020. "Genomic relationship and physiochemical properties among raw materials used for Thai black garlic processing." Food Science & Nutrition 8, no. 8: 4534-4545.
The root of Chinese sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) was regarded as top-grade Chinese medicine two thousand years ago, according to Shen Nong Materia Medica. The aim of this study is to develop an easy and reliable means for obtaining tetraploids (4x plants) via thidiazuron-induced direct organogenesis in the presence of colchicine. The resulting 4x plants showed significantly enhanced agronomic traits, including the size of stomata, leaflet, pollen, and seed as well as shoot length, root diameter, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plant. In addition, an obvious reduction of length to width ratio was found in the 4x plants, including stomata, leaflets, pollens, seeds, and roots. The 4x ploidy state of the plants was stable as was proved by evaluation of selection indicators as well as consistent ploidy level at 10th generation plantlets and also on 4x seedlings obtained via self-pollination. The major bioactive compounds, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone, as well as total tanshinones were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentrations of dihydrotanshinone I and total tanshinones in the root extract of the 4x plants were significantly higher when compared with the 2x plants. This present study developed a simple and efficient system for inducing and subculture of tetrapolids which have stable ploidy level, enhanced growth characteristics as well as the content of dihydrotanshinone I in the root of S. miltiorrhiza.
Elena Gamboa Chen; Kang-Lun Tsai; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Jen-Tsung Chen. Chromosome Doubling-Enhanced Biomass and Dihydrotanshinone I Production in Salvia miltiorrhiza, A Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant. Molecules 2018, 23, 3106 .
AMA StyleElena Gamboa Chen, Kang-Lun Tsai, Hsiao-Hang Chung, Jen-Tsung Chen. Chromosome Doubling-Enhanced Biomass and Dihydrotanshinone I Production in Salvia miltiorrhiza, A Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant. Molecules. 2018; 23 (12):3106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Gamboa Chen; Kang-Lun Tsai; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Jen-Tsung Chen. 2018. "Chromosome Doubling-Enhanced Biomass and Dihydrotanshinone I Production in Salvia miltiorrhiza, A Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant." Molecules 23, no. 12: 3106.
The research objectives of this study are to analyse the volatile compositions of different basil types available in Thai markets and to descriptively determine their aromatic qualities. Essential oils were hydro-distillated from fresh leaves of two Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) varieties namely, white and red and other basil species, including Tree basil (O. gratissimum), Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum), and Lemon basil (O. citriodorum). Oil physiochemical characteristics and volatile chromatograms from Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the chemical compositions. Estragole, eugenol, and methyl eugenol were among the major volatiles found in the essential oils of these basil types. Classification by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) advised that these Ocimum spp. samples are grouped based on either the distinctive anise, citrus aroma (estragole, geranial and neral), or spice-like aroma (methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-cubebene). The essential oils were also used for descriptive sensorial determination by five semi-trained panellists, using the following developed terms: anise, citrus, herb, spice, sweet, and woody. The panellists were able to differentiate essential oils of white Holy basil from red Holy basil based on the intensity of the anisic attribute, while the anise and citrus scents were detected as dominant in the Lemon basil, Tree basil, and Thai basil essential oils. The overall benefit from this research was the elucidation of aromatic qualities from Thai common Ocimum species in order to assess their potential as the raw materials for new food products.
Tibet Tangpao; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Sarana Rose Sommano. Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils. Foods 2018, 7, 175 .
AMA StyleTibet Tangpao, Hsiao-Hang Chung, Sarana Rose Sommano. Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils. Foods. 2018; 7 (11):175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTibet Tangpao; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Sarana Rose Sommano. 2018. "Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils." Foods 7, no. 11: 175.
The effects of NaH2PO4, sucrose, activated charcoal, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and strength of MS medium were studied to optimize thidiazuron (TDZ)-induced direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana. The results showed that full- and quarter-strength macroelements of MS medium were not suitable for direct embryo induction from leaf explants. Thus, a half-strength macroelement and full-strength microelements of MS nutrients plus full-strength of MS vitamins, 170 mg l−1 NaH2PO4, 1 g l−1 peptone, 3 mg l−1 TDZ, and 20 g l−1 sucrose are proposed as a suitably modified medium. In addition, PVP at 0.25 g l−1 significantly promoted direct embryogenesis on the cut ends of the explants, but activated charcoal at 0.5–1 g l−1 was inhibitory.
Wee-Peng Gow; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Jen-Tsung Chen; Wei-Chin Chang. Factors Affecting Thidiazuron-Induced Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Phalaenopsis aphrodite. Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator 2018, 317 -327.
AMA StyleWee-Peng Gow, Hsiao-Hang Chung, Jen-Tsung Chen, Wei-Chin Chang. Factors Affecting Thidiazuron-Induced Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Phalaenopsis aphrodite. Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator. 2018; ():317-327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWee-Peng Gow; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Jen-Tsung Chen; Wei-Chin Chang. 2018. "Factors Affecting Thidiazuron-Induced Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Phalaenopsis aphrodite." Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator , no. : 317-327.
Tolumnia genus (equitant Oncidium) is a group of small orchids with vivid flower color. Thousands of hybrids have been registered on Royal Horticulture Society and showed great potential for ornamental plant market. The aim of this study is to establish an efficient method for in vitro propagation. Leaf explants taken from in vitro-grown plants were used to induce direct somatic embryogenesis on a modified 1/2 MS medium supplemented with five kinds of cytokinins, 2iP, BA, kinetin, TDZ and zeatin at 0.3, 1 and 3 mg l-1 in darkness. TDZ at 3 mg l-1 gave the highest percentage of explants with somatic globular embryos after 90 days of culture. It was found that 2,4-D and light regime highly retarded direct somatic embryogenesis and showed 95-100% of explant browning. Histological observations revealed that the leaf cells divided into meristematic cells firstly, followed by somatic proembryos, and then somatic globular embryos. Eventually, somatic embryos developed a bipolar structure with the shoot apical meristem and the root meristem. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants was asynchronously. The somatic embryos were found on the leaf tip, the adaxial surface and also the mesophyll through a cleft, and it reflected the heterogeneity of the explant. The 90-day-old globular embryos were detached from the parent explants and transferred onto a hormone-free 1/2 MS medium in light condition for about 1 month to obtain 1-cm-height plantlets. After another 3 months for growth, the plantlets were potted with Sphagnum moss and were acclimatized in a shaded greenhouse. After 1 month of culture, the survival rate was 100%. In this report, a protocol for efficient regenerating a Tolumnia orchid, Louise Elmore 'Elsa', was established via direct somatic embryogenesis and might reveal an alternative approach for mass propagation of Tolumnia genus in orchid industry.
Hui-Ju Shen; Jen-Tsung Chen; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Wei-Chin Chang. Plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Tolumnia Louise Elmore 'Elsa'. Botanical Studies 2018, 59, 4 .
AMA StyleHui-Ju Shen, Jen-Tsung Chen, Hsiao-Hang Chung, Wei-Chin Chang. Plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Tolumnia Louise Elmore 'Elsa'. Botanical Studies. 2018; 59 (1):4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui-Ju Shen; Jen-Tsung Chen; Hsiao-Hang Chung; Wei-Chin Chang. 2018. "Plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Tolumnia Louise Elmore 'Elsa'." Botanical Studies 59, no. 1: 4.
This study developed an efficient and reliable system for inducing polyploidy in Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, a top-grade medicinal orchid. The resulting tetraploid gave a significant enhancement on various agronomic traits, including dry weight, fresh weight, shoot length, root length, leaf width, the size of stoma, and number of chloroplasts per stoma. A reduction of the ratio of length to width was observed in stomata and leaves of the tetraploid, and consequently, an alteration of organ shape was found. The major bioactive compounds, total flavonoid and gastrodin, were determined by the aluminum chloride colorimetric method and ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. The tetraploid produced significantly higher contents of total flavonoid and gastrodin in the leaf, the stem, and the whole plant when compared with the diploid. The resulting tetraploids in this study are proposed to be suitable raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry for enhancing productivity and reducing cost.
Hsiao-Hang Chung; Shu-Kai Shi; Bin Huang; Jen-Tsung Chen. Enhanced Agronomic Traits and Medicinal Constituents of Autotetraploids in Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, a Top-Grade Medicinal Orchid. Molecules 2017, 22, 1907 .
AMA StyleHsiao-Hang Chung, Shu-Kai Shi, Bin Huang, Jen-Tsung Chen. Enhanced Agronomic Traits and Medicinal Constituents of Autotetraploids in Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, a Top-Grade Medicinal Orchid. Molecules. 2017; 22 (11):1907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao-Hang Chung; Shu-Kai Shi; Bin Huang; Jen-Tsung Chen. 2017. "Enhanced Agronomic Traits and Medicinal Constituents of Autotetraploids in Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, a Top-Grade Medicinal Orchid." Molecules 22, no. 11: 1907.
Four auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], indole-3-acetic acid [IAA], indole-3-butyric acid [IBA], and naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA]), and five cytokinins (N 6-[2-isopentenyl]-adenine [2iP], N 6-benzyladenine [BA], 6-furfurylaminopurine [kinetin], 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea [TDZ], and 6-[4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino]purine [zeatin]) were examined for their effects on direct embryo induction from leaf explants of Dendrobium cv. Chiengmai Pink cultured on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Whether in light or darkness, explants easily became necrotic and no embryos were obtained on growth regulator-free or auxin-containing media after 60 d of culture. By contrast, five cytokinins tested induced direct embryo formation from leaf explants, and explants cultured in light had a higher embryogenic response compared with those cultured in darkness. The best condition for direct embryo induction was at 18.16 μM TDZ cultured in light for 60 d, where 33% of explants formed a mean number of 33.6 embryos per explant. During subculture on growth regulator-free 1/2 MS medium, embryos gradually developed into plantlets. Secondary embryogenesis was occasionally found on sheath leaves of embryos. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted and grown in a greenhouse environment.
Hsiao-Hang Chung; Jen-Tsung Chen; Wei-Chin Chang. Cytokinins induce direc somatic embryogenesis of Dendrobium chiengmai pink and subsequent plant regeneration. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 2005, 41, 765 -769.
AMA StyleHsiao-Hang Chung, Jen-Tsung Chen, Wei-Chin Chang. Cytokinins induce direc somatic embryogenesis of Dendrobium chiengmai pink and subsequent plant regeneration. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal. 2005; 41 (6):765-769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao-Hang Chung; Jen-Tsung Chen; Wei-Chin Chang. 2005. "Cytokinins induce direc somatic embryogenesis of Dendrobium chiengmai pink and subsequent plant regeneration." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 41, no. 6: 765-769.