Most of the coal is used for thermal power generation in China, but a large number of fly ashes are produced after coal combustion. At present, the comprehensive utilization of fly ash is still insufficient, so it needs to find a new way of utilization. Meanwhile, large-scale underground coal mining leads to land collapse and ecological environment deterioration. The surface subsidence is the original source of mining damage, and that the efficient controlling subsidence method is backfilling in goaf with river sand, gangue and fly ash. In recent years, the backfilling technology has made great progress, and the backfilling position has developed from the traditional goaf to the internal overburden. In this method, the fly ash slurry is backfilled into the separation layer by ground drilling holes, which can actively control the surface subsidence and subsidence speed without affecting the normal coal production. Therefore, it has realized “Concurrent Mining and Reclamation” for protecting agricultural land. Finally, the surface dynamic subsidence calculation model is mentioned in this paper, which is suitable for this mining case. The results evaluate the effect of surface subsidence damage risk by fly ash.

Underground mining activity has existed for more than 100 years in Nansi lake. Coal mining not only plays a supporting role in local social and economic development but also has a significant impact on the ecological environment in the region. Landsat series remote sensing data (1988~2019) are used to research the impact of coal mining on the ecological environment in Nansi lake. Then Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is applied to extract the water area of the upstream lake from 1988 to 2019, and ecological environment and spatiotemporal variation characteristics are analyzed by Remote Sensing Ecology Index (RSEI). The results illustrate that the water area change is associated with annual precipitation. Compared with 2009, the ecological quality of the lake is worse in 2019, and then the reason for this change is due to large-scale underground mining. Therefore, the coal mines from the natural reserve may be closed or limited to the mining boundary for protecting the lake's ecological environment.

This paper presents a method for determining the standard deviation and variation coefficient for both the predicted and measured values of horizontal strain that were caused by underground mining operations. The solution was based on a discrete model of the rock–soil medium response to the effects of mining operations. The “elementary horizontal strain increment” variable was random and could be described using the normal distribution. It was also assumed that the average horizontal strain values could be described using the solution given by Budryk and Knothe. The obtained solution allows for a much more comprehensive analysis of the results of deformation forecasts that are obtained with a view toward the protection of buildings that are located on the surface.