The immune system protects against viruses and diseases and produces antibodies to kill pathogens. This review presents a brief overview of the immune system regarding its protection of the human body from COVID-19; illustrates the process of the immune system, how it works, and its mechanism to fight virus; and presents information on the most recent COVID-19 treatments and experimental data. Various types of potential challenges for the immunes system are also discussed. At the end of the article, foods to consume and avoid are suggested, and physical exercise is encouraged. This article can be used worldwide as a state of the art in this critical moment for promising alternative solutions related to surviving the coronavirus.

Plastic is an amazing material, and wonderful invention, it has changed the world. Plastic is used everywhere and every day across the globe. But despite its varied uses, its disposal has threatened the environment. Biodegradable plastics can meet these needs and can easily be disposed to the environment. This work focuses on the characterization and performance analysis of starch bioplastics and composite bioplastic to reduce the plastic pollution by its various uses. TGA, DSC, SEM, FTIR, and surface roughness analyses were used to characterize, the mechanical properties, thermal properties and the morphology of the starch bioplastics and composite bioplastic. Starch bioplastics were fabricated using starch vinegar and glycerol. Composite bioplastics ware fabricated using starch, vinegar, glycerol and titanium dioxide. The addition of titanium dioxide improved the tensile strength of the bioplastics from 3.55 to 3.95 MPa and decreased elongation from 88% to 62%. According to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Test, the melting point (Tm) and Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) significantly affected by the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The degree of nano-composite crystallinity was formed by the strong interfacial interaction between the titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the amorphous region of the chain. The decomposition temperature of starch bioplastic was increased by mixing with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The results gained from SEM showed that better compatible morphologies in composite bioplastic compared to starch bioplastic for its fewer voids, holes, and crack. The functional group O-H, C-H, C=O, and C-O indicate the formation of starch bioplastics and composite bioplastics has already occurred which was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The result is also verified with the available results of other researchers. Therefore, composite bioplastic is a modified elevation of a starch bioplastic with a modified upgrade feature. It can be an alternative to existing conventional plastic, especially packaging applications.

Nanoparticles are minimal materials with unique physicochemical features that set them apart from bulk materials of the same composition. These properties make nanoparticles highly desirable for use in commercial and medical research. The primary intention for the development of nanotechnology is to achieve overarching social objectives like bettering our understanding of nature, boosting productivity, improving healthcare, and extending the bounds of sustainable development and human potential. Keeping this as a motivation, Zirconia nanoparticles are becoming the preferred nanostructure for modern biomedical applications. This nanotechnology is exceptionally versatile and has several potential uses in dental research. This review paper concentrated on the various benefits of zirconium nanoparticles in dentistry and how they provide superior strength and flexibility compared to their counterparts. Moreover, the popularity of zirconium nanoparticles is also growing as it has strong biocompatibility potency. Zirconium nanoparticles can be used to develop or address the major difficulty in dentistry. Therefore, this review paper aims to provide a summary of the fundamental research and applications of zirconium nanoparticles in dental implants.