To investigate the associated factors underlying vaccination intentions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults 18 years or over in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between 8 and 14 December 2020. A logistic regression analysis was employed to examine and identify the variables associated with vaccination intentions for COVID-19, with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) also calculated. A total of 2137 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, about 48% of Saudi adults were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants had stronger intentions to receive a vaccination if they resided in the southern region (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.21–3.14), received the seasonal influenza vaccination in the past (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.17–1.97), believed in mandatory COVID-19 vaccination (OR: 45.07; 95% CI: 31.91–63.65), or reported high levels of concern about contracting COVID-19 (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.29–2.81). Participants were less likely to have an intention to be vaccinated if they had a history of vaccine refusal (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.19–0.40). The low acceptance rate among the Saudi population should be targeted with multifaceted interventions aimed at raising awareness and emphasizing the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Introduction. Child obesity is recognized as one of the major public health problems globally, which demands multicomponent and comprehensive interventions. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate, synthesize, and combine the existing evidence of various setting‐based interventions across developed and developing countries that aim to prevent childhood obesity. Methods. An electronic and systematic search was conducted on setting‐based interventions related to childhood obesity both in developed and developing countries. A study was considered eligible if it was a randomized controlled trial that focused on home‐based, school‐based, or community‐based intervention for childhood obesity and published in English from 2010 to 2020. A wide range of electronic bibliographic databases, such as PubMed, Medline, Embase, and ERIC were searched. The various studies were carried out among children aged 4‐18 years old. A total of 32 studies were identified; out of which 24 were school‐based interventions, and the remaining were nonschool‐based. Results. The studies in this review highlighted important school and nonschool‐based interventions to avoid obesity among children and adolescents. School‐based interventions that had considered both physical activity (PA) and diet along with home elements showed great effectiveness. These findings reveal that the specific intervention components such as nutrition education curriculum, prolonged time for PA, and upgrading self‐efficacy of study participants should be considered to prevent obesity across developed and developing countries. However, the findings from nonschool‐based interventions were restricted by the scarcity of the studies. Conclusion. Multisetting and multipronged strategies are required to avoid or reduce childhood obesity across the globe. However, additional studies are needed with a large sample size. Further study designs based on theory should be conducted in nonschool settings for the creation of meaningful and detailed guidelines that can support the prevention of obesity in children.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many societies’ life aspects and activities including social and Islamic practices; more attention should be given to investigate the interaction between Islamic worships and the spread of the disease. Here, we performed a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire to assess the preventive Islamic attitudes and practices during the COVID-19 lockdown period from the Saudi publics’ perspectives. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that most participants had positive Islamic attitudes and practices. However, elders and males were less obeyed to preventive measures during performing worship (p < 0.05). While younger, females and not married were less obeyed when dealing with COVID-19 related death (p < 0.05). Even though, elders were less likely to have poor social and Islamic practices concerning adherence to preventive measures during the pandemic (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.176–0.816) than younger. Furthermore, males, Saudi participants, lower education level, lower Islamic attitudes scores were more likely to have poor social and Islamic practices concerning adherence to preventive measures during the pandemic (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.126–2.421; OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.067–2.322; OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.721–5.563; and OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.309–2.753, respectively), than their corresponding targeted counterparts. Thus, despite the high preventative perceptions of Islamic attitudes and practices of the Saudi community, our study highlighted some risk groups with less preventative practices. Thus, targeted health education interventions are highly recommended for these risk groups to enhance the commitment to government instructions.

(1) Background: This study aims to identify the sociodemographic, behavioural, and systemic predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among primary healthcare attendees in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to inform targeted interventions and policy strategies. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2023 across 48 randomly selected primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The target population for this study was adults aged 18 and above attending primary healthcare centers in Riyadh. Multi-stage random sampling was used to recruit participants. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of CRC screening. (3) Results: CRC screening uptake was found to be only 4.2%. Age was a significant predictor, with individuals aged 50–75 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–2.42) and those aged 75 years or older (AOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–1.87) being more likely to undergo screening compared to younger individuals. Insurance coverage strongly influenced screening behaviour (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.37–1.96). Smokers were nearly four times more likely to participate in screening than non-smokers (AOR: 3.87, 95% CI: 3.21–4.69), and physical activity was positively associated with screening (AOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11–1.82). (4) Conclusions: CRC screening uptake in Riyadh is critically low, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions. Key predictors such as age, insurance coverage, smoking, and physical activity underscore the importance of addressing sociodemographic disparities and promoting health awareness. The findings emphasize the need for culturally tailored educational campaigns, improved healthcare access, and enhanced screening programs to increase uptake.

Hypertension is a chronic condition that represents a global burden across the world. The burden of hypertension is found to be particularly high in Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia. This study was undertaken to measure the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors. An assessment of the impact of hypertension is required to alleviate/reduce the comorbidities and complications associated with hypertension in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 14,239 individuals in Saudi Arabia. A valid and reliable questionnaire was administered after randomly selecting study participants from 48 primary healthcare centers. Univariate analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between independent variables and hypertension. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the major associated factors of hypertension among Saudi citizens. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented for each of the adjusted odds ratios (AORs). It was found that 11.1% of research participants reported having hypertension. Compared to younger participants of < 50 years, those who are 50 to 75 years old are two times more likely to be hypertensive (AOR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.50). Compared to employed Saudi residents, unemployed residents were 1.43 times more likely to be hypertensive (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.65). The odds of hypertension were higher by 1.73 times among obese than non-obese individuals (95% CI: 1.33, 2.25). Individuals with heart disease were 3.72 times more likely to suffer from hypertension than individuals without heart disease (95% CI: 2.84, 4.88). Similarly, those with high cholesterol levels were 8.37 times more likely to have hypertension than those with low cholesterol levels (95% CI: 6.94, 10.09). Diabetic individuals were 10.45 times more likely to develop hypertension than non-diabetic individuals (95% CI: 8,87, 12.30). The prevalence of hypertension found in the current study was 11.1%. Older age, unemployment, insurance coverage, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and high blood cholesterol were associated with high blood pressure in this study. The findings of this study suggest that researchers and policymakers should target modifiable risk factors to reduce the burden of hypertension among Saudi residents.

Background. Only few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of headaches among the Saudi population. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of headache and to explore its associated risk factors Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. Methods. The multistage sampling technique was used to enroll 1200 population-based participants who were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire about headaches, demographics, and several other parameters such as smoking status and different chronic and psychological illnesses. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the association. Results. The overall prevalence of headaches in this study was 3%. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that females were more likely to have headaches than males (odds ratio (OR) 0.735, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.612–1.341; ). Being a current smoker was also significantly associated with higher “odds” of having headache (OR = 1.319, 95% CI = 0.932–2.462; ). Participants who were overweight had a significantly higher risk of headache (OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.48–1.854; ). Nonmarried people were significantly more likely to have headache pain, compared to married individuals (OR = 0.875, 95% CI = 0.646–2.317; ). Conclusion. The prevalence of headaches was 3%, and four significant associated factors were identified: females, nonmarried, smoking, and overweight. The temporality of the relationship between these factors and headache cannot be confirmed in this cross-sectional study; so future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these potential causal relationships.