Present study was to develop and evaluate gastroretentive microspheres by the solvent evaporation technique. Gabapentin and HPMC K100 were used to develop the formulations. Gastroretentive microspheres were developed by the solvent evaporation technique from the preliminary batches of gabapentin microspheres batch FMG3 were selected for factorial study. Factorial batches showed the mean particle size of the floating microsphere formulations for gabapentin (FFMG1-FFMG9) was in the range of 185.63 ± 0.13 to 510.04 ± 0.09 μm. The percentage yields of formulations FFMG1 to FFMG9 for gabapentin ranged from 53.5 ± 0.95 to 96.64 ± 0.42. The buoyancy percentage was calculated for the formulations and found that all formulations could float on dissolution medium for 12 h. The drug loading in gabapentin microspheres was found 65.29 ± 0.46 to 84.3 ± 0.44. The swelling study was found to be 756.34 ± 1.48 to 890.46 ± 0.78 for gabapentin. Batch FFMG6 and FFMC2 showed better drug release 99.1% and 99.25% respectively. The optimized formulation FFMG6 for gabapentin showed an n value 0.8474 and R² value 0.9965. Optimized formulation obeys Korsmeyer-Peppas release. Scanning electron microscopy images of microspheres were spherical, discrete, and freely flowing. ANOVA for the given formulations showed p value less than 0.0500. The stability study indicated no significant changes in the microspheres. In radiographic images, floating microspheres were retained in the stomach of rabbits for twelve hours.

COVID-19 has reached pandemic proportions and is affecting people all across the world. Coronavirus 2 is responsible for causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The Piper betle L. leaf, sometimes known as betel, has been used medicinally for centuries. The primary purpose of this docking study is to check the efficacy of the phytochemicals of Betel leaf (Piper betle) against COVID-19. Traditionally, it is used as a medicinal plant containing many bioactive constituents, which can be used to develop a drug for COVID-19. We have used molecular docking for the SARS-CoV2 receptor on a complex antibody protein with PDB ID-7BNV and PDB ID-7CM4. Betel leaf (Piper betle) contains various phytochemicals such as Eugenol, Alpha pinene, Alpha terpinene, Beta phellandrene, Terpinolene, Sabinene, Hydroxychavicol, Germacrene D, etc. All this data is collected from the PubChem database. All evaluations were carried out based on molecular docking of docking score of receptor interaction with the ligand. Using ligands, we were able to effectively molecular dock Betel leaf (Piper betle) phytochemicals on the SARS-CoV2 target (Eugenol, Alpha pinene, Alpha terpinene, Beta phellandrene, Terpinolene, Sabinene, Hydroxychavicol, Germacrene D). Based on molecular docking scores, we concluded that all the ligands showed significant activity for both the proteins of SARS-CoV2.

Spherification is a cutting-edge molecular gastronomy method that has just emerged in the realm of food science and technology, and it may be used to produce foods with superior sensory qualities and a high level of consumer acceptance and satisfaction. This method is excellent for making semi-solid spheres with a membrane coating so thin that it is barely discernible when placed in the mouth. This experiment used a simple spherification method to turn papaya extract into popping balls with sodium alginate. Intraventricular haemorrhage is a potentially fatal consequence of thrombocytopenia in the newborn period. Extracts from papaya leaves show promise as a treatment for refractory cases of newborn thrombocytopenia. This research aims to learn how to make popping balls out of papaya extract that are both safe to eat and tasty by adding jaggery as a sweetener. Physical parameters such as pH, viscosity, and stability of the prepared balls were studied in in-vitro, 30-day time frame. The findings revealed that papaya-popping balls are homogeneous and have a low viscosity. The expected drug release was 91%. Papaya popping balls were subjected to a three-month stability study. According to the results, there was no variation in colour, pH, or viscosity during the study. All the particles in the formulation were round so that it may be given to kids as an alternative to oral solid dose forms.

Background:: 3D bioprinting is a rapidly evolving technology in healthcare, especially in the fields of regenerative medicine, pharmaceutical research, and tissue engineering. This technique utilizes bioinks to fabricate three-dimensional structures that replicate the architecture and function of natural tissues through layer-by-layer additive manufacturing. This review aims to explore the current advancements, challenges, and future directions of 3D bioprinting. Methods:: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on various approaches to 3D bioprinting, including biomimicry, scaffold-based, scaffold-free, autonomous self-assembly, organ-on-a-chip, and microtissue building block techniques. Additionally, advancements in bioink development and different bioprinting technologies such as inkjet, extrusion, laser-assisted, stereolithography, acoustic, and magnetic bioprinting were analyzed. Results:: The literature highlights significant progress in bioprinting technologies, demonstrating the transition of 3D bioprinting from a theoretical innovation to a practical tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Advances in printing precision, cell-material interactions, and bioink formulations are bringing the technology closer to clinical applications. Discussions:: Key challenges remain—most notably creating robust vascular networks, scaling up production without loss of function, and ensuring that engineered tissues integrate seamlessly with a patient’s own biology. Still, the potential payoffs are enormous, from tailor-made implants and on-demand drug testing platforms to fully functional organ replacements. Conclusion:: 3D bioprinting stands poised to transform personalized medicine and regenerative therapies. Achieving this vision will require sustained, interdisciplinary efforts to refine printing methods, innovate bioink chemistry, and master tissue maturation.