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The extant literature has debated the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions with a focus on population urbanization but has paid little attention to the other dimensions of urbanization, including economy urbanization and land urbanization, which may have different effects on CO2 emissions. Based on panel data for 351 cities in China from 2000-2015, this paper uses the spatial Durbin model and threshold regression model to explore the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions. The results show that a nonlinear relationship exists between the multiple dimensions of urbanization and CO2 emissions. Firstly, all three dimensions of urbanization are affected by a spatial dependence on CO2 emissions. Secondly, the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of urban population sizes. The economy urbanization of small cities, medium-sized cities and large cities plays a significant role in promoting CO2 emissions, but has the opposite effect on megacities. Population urbanization promotes CO2 emissions in small cities and megacities. Land urbanization has a negative impact on small cities and megacities and has a positive impact on large and medium-sized cities. Thirdly, urbanisation exhibits a threshold effect on CO2 emissions due to different levels of environmental technology.
Fei Yao; Huasheng Zhu; Maojun Wang. The Impact of Multiple Dimensions of Urbanization on CO2 Emissions: A Spatial and Threshold Analysis of Panel Data on China's Prefecture-Level Cities. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 73, 103113 .
AMA StyleFei Yao, Huasheng Zhu, Maojun Wang. The Impact of Multiple Dimensions of Urbanization on CO2 Emissions: A Spatial and Threshold Analysis of Panel Data on China's Prefecture-Level Cities. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 73 ():103113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFei Yao; Huasheng Zhu; Maojun Wang. 2021. "The Impact of Multiple Dimensions of Urbanization on CO2 Emissions: A Spatial and Threshold Analysis of Panel Data on China's Prefecture-Level Cities." Sustainable Cities and Society 73, no. : 103113.
Skill upgrading, the increase in the percentage of skilled workers in the employment population, boosts the economic growth of developing countries and sustains their industrial competitiveness. The international economics literature discusses the effects of international trade on skill upgrading, ignoring the potential role of agglomeration externalities. This paper takes China as a case study, which has been encountering a serious challenge about how to strengthen its industrial competitiveness in the world through skill upgrading as its population dividend decreases. The panel data of 2005, 2010 and 2015 from prefecture-level cities in China were used for regression analysis to explore the benefits from agglomeration externalities, including specialization and diversification effects, on skill upgrading. The results show that both the specialization effect and diversification effect do promote skill upgrading. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the influence of local agglomeration externalities across different regions, and the positive effect brought about by specialization externalities is usually dominant in undeveloped, inland or small cities, compared with the diversification in developed or coastal cities. Besides, manufacturing agglomerations exhibit positive externalities to skill upgrading mainly through specialization, while the service agglomerations mainly promote skill upgrading by means of diversification.
Shiyang Li; Huasheng Zhu. Agglomeration Externalities and Skill Upgrading in Local Labor Markets: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities of China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6509 .
AMA StyleShiyang Li, Huasheng Zhu. Agglomeration Externalities and Skill Upgrading in Local Labor Markets: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities of China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiyang Li; Huasheng Zhu. 2020. "Agglomeration Externalities and Skill Upgrading in Local Labor Markets: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities of China." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6509.
Vegetation coverage is a key variable in terrestrial ecosystem monitoring and climate change research and is closely related to soil erosion and land desertification. In this article, we aimed to resolve two key scientific issues: (1) quantifying the spatial-temporal vegetation dynamics in the Otindag Sandy Land (OSL); and (2) identifying the relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics. Based on correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and the partial derivative formula method, we examined the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage in the OSL, belonging to the arid and semiarid region of northern China, and their interaction with climate-human factors. The results showed that the vegetation coverage of the area showed a downward trend with a rate of −0.0006/a during 2001–2017, and gradually decreased from east to west. Precipitation was the main climate factor controlling the overall distribution pattern of vegetation coverage, while the human factors had a more severe impact on the vegetation coverage than the climate factors in such a short period, and the overall impact was negative. Among the human factors, population pressure, urbanization, industrialization, pastoral production activities, and residents’ lifestyles had a negative impact. However, ecological restoration polices alleviated the contradiction between human development and vegetation deterioration. The results of this article provide a scientific basis for restoring grassland systems in arid and semi-arid areas
Hao Wang; Fei Yao; Huasheng Zhu; Yuanyuan Zhao. Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Coverage and Its Response to Climate Factors and Human Activities in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: Case Study of the Otindag Sandy Land in China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5214 .
AMA StyleHao Wang, Fei Yao, Huasheng Zhu, Yuanyuan Zhao. Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Coverage and Its Response to Climate Factors and Human Activities in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: Case Study of the Otindag Sandy Land in China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Wang; Fei Yao; Huasheng Zhu; Yuanyuan Zhao. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Coverage and Its Response to Climate Factors and Human Activities in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: Case Study of the Otindag Sandy Land in China." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5214.
Rural entrepreneurial activities play an important role in the development of rural economies and the vitality of rural areas, and they can also contribute to an increase in the employment opportunities of farmers and environmental sustainability during China’s transitional period. As a local organization, the community connects individuals, collective agencies, local authorities, and the market in reforming rural economies in China. Based on the concepts of mixed embeddedness and on the database of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper uses a binary logistic regression (BLR) model to analyze the impact of social, institutional, and economic environments of rural communities on entrepreneurship. The finding shows that informal, entrepreneurship-oriented institutions in rural communities have more significantly positive impact on farmer entrepreneurship than formal institutions, as well as economic and social environments. Furthermore, compared with kinship, neighborhood relationships and weak ties based on the population mobility in rural communities are more important for farmer entrepreneurship. Additionally, rural communities are the production places and markets, and their economic levels are positively related to entrepreneurship. Last but not least, compared with urban communities, rural communities play a much more prominent role in local entrepreneurship.
Huasheng Zhu; Yawei Chen; Kebi Chen. Vitalizing Rural Communities: China’s Rural Entrepreneurial Activities from Perspective of Mixed Embeddedness. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1609 .
AMA StyleHuasheng Zhu, Yawei Chen, Kebi Chen. Vitalizing Rural Communities: China’s Rural Entrepreneurial Activities from Perspective of Mixed Embeddedness. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuasheng Zhu; Yawei Chen; Kebi Chen. 2019. "Vitalizing Rural Communities: China’s Rural Entrepreneurial Activities from Perspective of Mixed Embeddedness." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1609.
Extant research indicates that temporary clusters, such as trade fairs and exhibitions, play a significant role in knowledge dissemination and innovation by creating global buzz, so they are beneficial to building global pipelines. However, these findings are mainly based on the experiences in the manufacturing sectors of developed countries. This paper, however, chooses Beijing as a case to examine whether or not international exhibitions in creative industries contribute to innovation in emerging economies. Based on questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2015–2016, this paper uses a structural equation model (SEM), with three latent variables related to global buzz, global pipelines, and information acquisition, to identify the internal patterns of exhibition innovation. The results indicate that there exists innovation generated from temporary clusters in knowledge-intensive sectors as well as emerging economies. Global buzz and global pipelines construct a favorable interaction ecology. However, global buzz plays a greater role than global pipelines. This insight should help organizers improve creative exhibitions in terms of innovation and provide a deeper understanding of the relationships between innovation, global buzz, and global pipelines in temporary clusters.
Huasheng Zhu; Kebi Chen; Yunlong Lian. Do Temporary Creative Clusters Promote Innovation in an Emerging Economy?—A Case Study of the Beijing Design Week. Sustainability 2018, 10, 767 .
AMA StyleHuasheng Zhu, Kebi Chen, Yunlong Lian. Do Temporary Creative Clusters Promote Innovation in an Emerging Economy?—A Case Study of the Beijing Design Week. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):767.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuasheng Zhu; Kebi Chen; Yunlong Lian. 2018. "Do Temporary Creative Clusters Promote Innovation in an Emerging Economy?—A Case Study of the Beijing Design Week." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 767.
Extant literature concerns about industrial upgrading in developing countries, and stresses the importance of joining global production networks (GPN). Taking the perspective of the updating approach of GPN theory, this paper selects the case of China to combine local industrial upgrading with financial activities, and explores how going public triggers industrial upgrading in developing countries. In 2015, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 listed firms and their related partners in Jinjiang, a county-level city in China. The findings indicate that local lead firms in developing countries have been increasingly involved in the global financial market by going public, which in turn provides these countries with opportunities of industrial upgrading. However, it does not necessarily guarantee industrial upgrading. Whether or not going public can bring about industrial upgrading depends mainly on intrafirm coordination, reconfiguration of interfirm relationships, and extrafirm bargaining with local governments. This case study suggests that finance be integrated into GPN theory as some scholars suggest, and the impacts of local lead firms in developing countries on the dynamics or reconfiguration of GPN be taken consideration, especially in some specific sectors.
Huasheng Zhu; Yue Ding. Going Public and Industrial Upgrading of Traditional Clusters in Developing Countries: Rethinking the Dynamics of the ‘Jinjiang Model’ in China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2133 .
AMA StyleHuasheng Zhu, Yue Ding. Going Public and Industrial Upgrading of Traditional Clusters in Developing Countries: Rethinking the Dynamics of the ‘Jinjiang Model’ in China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (11):2133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuasheng Zhu; Yue Ding. 2017. "Going Public and Industrial Upgrading of Traditional Clusters in Developing Countries: Rethinking the Dynamics of the ‘Jinjiang Model’ in China." Sustainability 9, no. 11: 2133.
Extant research pays little attention to unorganized migrant workers’ skill accumulation/upgrading from the perspective of the labor supply. This paper takes China as an example to explore the factors influencing the skill accumulation of rural–urban migrant workers (RUMWs), with the purpose of discovering how to sustain or reshape regional competitive advantages by improving RUMWs’ skill accumulation. Structured questionnaire surveys were adopted for data collection in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. In total, 700 questionnaires were issued and 491 effective questionnaires were recovered. It takes the perspective of individual laborers, with special regard to the effects of localization on the laborers’ skill accumulation within the context of globalization. It adopts a broad viewpoint including intra-firm skill-biased strategy (as a response to intense competition), inter-firm relationships, and the accessibility of local non-firm organizations. The findings indicate that firms’ skill preference, which impacts employees’ skills and innovation ability and stimulates them to learn with initiative, have a significant influence on RUMWs’ skill accumulation. In terms of collective efficiency based on the co-competitive relationship between local firms, the more intensive interactions are, the more opportunities RUMWs are afforded for skill accumulation. The accessibility of local institutions and favorable policies also benefit RUMWs’ skill accumulation. In addition, the place itself, as a synthesized space of a firm’s internal labor-management relations and inter-organizational relations, also exerts an influence on and causes regional differences in RUMWs’ skill accumulation.
Huasheng Zhu; Junwei Feng; Maojun Wang; Fan Xu. Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural–Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 72 .
AMA StyleHuasheng Zhu, Junwei Feng, Maojun Wang, Fan Xu. Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural–Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (1):72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuasheng Zhu; Junwei Feng; Maojun Wang; Fan Xu. 2017. "Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural–Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China." Sustainability 9, no. 1: 72.
Knowledge learning and diffusion have long been discussed in the literature on the dynamics of industrial clusters, but recent literature provides little evidence for how different actors serve as knowledge brokers in the upgrading process of apprentice-based clusters, and does not dynamically consider how to preserve the sustainability of these clusters. This paper uses empirical evidence from an antique furniture manufacturing cluster in Xianyou, Fujian Province, in southeastern China, to examine the growth trajectory of the knowledge learning system of an antique furniture manufacturing cluster. It appears that the apprentice-based learning system is crucial during early stages of the cluster evolution, but later becomes complemented and relatively substituted by the role of both local governments and focal outsiders. This finding addresses the context of economic transformation and provides empirical insights into knowledge acquisition in apprentice-based clusters to question the rationality based on European and North American cases, and to provide a broader perspective for policy makers to trigger and sustain the development of apprentice-based clusters.
Huasheng Zhu; Kelly Wanjing Chen; Juncheng Dai. Beyond Apprenticeship: Knowledge Brokers and Sustainability of Apprentice-Based Clusters. Sustainability 2016, 8, 1279 .
AMA StyleHuasheng Zhu, Kelly Wanjing Chen, Juncheng Dai. Beyond Apprenticeship: Knowledge Brokers and Sustainability of Apprentice-Based Clusters. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (12):1279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuasheng Zhu; Kelly Wanjing Chen; Juncheng Dai. 2016. "Beyond Apprenticeship: Knowledge Brokers and Sustainability of Apprentice-Based Clusters." Sustainability 8, no. 12: 1279.
Extant research pays little attention to migrant workers’ skill accumulation/upgrading from the perspective of the labor supply. This paper takes China as an example to explore the factors influencing skill accumulation of rural-urban migrant workers (RUMWs), with a purpose to discover how to sustain or reshape regional competitive advantage through improving RUMWs’ skill accumulation. Structured questionnaire surveys were adopted for data collection in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province located in the Yangtze River Delta in the east of China. 900 questionnaires were issued and 491 effective questionnaires were recovered totally. This paper takes a perspective of global production networks, and gets a broad viewpoint containing intra-firm coordination, inter-firm partnership and extra-firm bargaining with non-firm actors, beyond what the extant literature on laborers’ human capital focuses on. The finding indicates that firms’ skill-oriented preference, which concerns about employees’ skills and innovation ability and stimulates them to learn initiatively, have a significant influence on RUMWs’ skill accumulation. In terms of collective efficiency based on co-competitive relationship between local firms, the more intensive interactions are, the more opportunities of skill accumulation RUMWs get. The accessibility of local institutions and favorable policies benefit RUMWs’ skill accumulation. Besides, the place itself, as a synthesized space of labor-management relations inside a firm and inter-organization relations, exerts an influence on and cause the regional differences in RUMWs’ skill accumulation.
Huasheng Zhu; Junwei Feng; Maojun Wang; Fan Xu. Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural-Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China. 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleHuasheng Zhu, Junwei Feng, Maojun Wang, Fan Xu. Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural-Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China. . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuasheng Zhu; Junwei Feng; Maojun Wang; Fan Xu. 2016. "Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural-Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China." , no. : 1.
Western industrial cluster literature pays little attention to specialized markets (SMs) and the geographical agglomeration of distributors or sale agencies (SAs). This paper takes Linyin, Shandong, a famous commodity city in Northeastern China, as an example, to discuss the determinants that make SAs in SMs of the toy industry move towards upstream manufacturing. A structured questionnaire survey and subsequent interviews were carried out during 2011 and 2012 to collect data, and a Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to process the data. This paper looks from the perspective of global production networks theory, establishes an analytical framework that combines individual motivations of intra-firm coordination, local inter-firm relationships and dynamic cross-regional level relationships. The findings indicate that the expansion of SAs towards manufacturing allows them to sustain competitiveness under changing circumstances. The local inter-firm relationships within SM-based clusters not only makes it easy to obtain material and human resources with lower manufacturing costs, but also facilitates the access to production knowledge and technologies for an expansion of production scale. Cross-regional relationships with suppliers provide an informal channel for SAs to obtain skills, which is fundamental for an expansion into manufacturing. In addition, it is a preference for strengthening competitiveness rather than the simple pursuit of economic profit that encourages SAs to invest in manufacturing.
Huasheng Zhu; Xue Huang; Qingcan He; Jie Li; Lingzhi Ren. Sustaining Competitiveness: Moving Towards Upstream Manufacturing in Specialized-Market-Based Clusters in the Chinese Toy Industry. Sustainability 2016, 8, 176 .
AMA StyleHuasheng Zhu, Xue Huang, Qingcan He, Jie Li, Lingzhi Ren. Sustaining Competitiveness: Moving Towards Upstream Manufacturing in Specialized-Market-Based Clusters in the Chinese Toy Industry. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (2):176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuasheng Zhu; Xue Huang; Qingcan He; Jie Li; Lingzhi Ren. 2016. "Sustaining Competitiveness: Moving Towards Upstream Manufacturing in Specialized-Market-Based Clusters in the Chinese Toy Industry." Sustainability 8, no. 2: 176.
Against the background of economic transformation and urban renewal, the protection and sustainable development of urban industrial landscapes has become an important practical issue, and how to maintain the unique local culture of these landscapes is key to solving the problem. By integrating the concept of “layer” and regarding the landscape as text, this paper will investigate the representation of industrial landscapes and the process of changes in power represented by different actors through different texts from the perspective of representation. The paper selected Beijing 798 as the research area to explore the shaping of changes in the industrial landscape of 798 from a weapon manufacturing area to an arts district, creative industry park and the “pan 798” by the factory owners, government, management committee, artists, media and tourists through different presentation forms, revealing the game process of representation of powers among the coalition between artists, management committee and the government. The paper points out that in fact, the representation of industrial landscape by different actors through different texts is a process that continues to explore and define the value of landscape. However, we need to look at this when the value of the industrial landscape is no longer given by localized life practices, but rather depends on different actors to produce and reproduce the value of landscape by representation, and thereby affecting the sustainable development of industrial landscape.
Juncheng Dai; Xue Huang; Huasheng Zhu. Interpretation of 798: Changes in Power of Representation and Sustainability of Industrial Landscape. Sustainability 2015, 7, 5282 -5303.
AMA StyleJuncheng Dai, Xue Huang, Huasheng Zhu. Interpretation of 798: Changes in Power of Representation and Sustainability of Industrial Landscape. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (5):5282-5303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuncheng Dai; Xue Huang; Huasheng Zhu. 2015. "Interpretation of 798: Changes in Power of Representation and Sustainability of Industrial Landscape." Sustainability 7, no. 5: 5282-5303.
Successful industrial clusters rest on human activities, building on a base of physical location attributes. This chapter utilizes three pairs of case studies comparing the economic trajectory of six major Chinese and US urban areas in different parts of the country and in different stages of development. Located on an east coast corridor of early industrial development, Harbin-Dalian and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania experienced a rustbelt revival from their traditional heavy industries. They exemplify preserving old strengths while dealing with new opportunities in changed economic circumstances. The mid-continental inland transportation hubs of Wuhan and Indianapolis relied on inter-modal growth, moving goods between origin and destination points as well as innovative improvements and diversifying economically with services. A pair of high tech habitats wraps up the comparison of models: Beijing’s Zhongguan’cun and the U.S. west coast’s San Diego, Silicon Valley, and Seattle. Each successful metropolitan region benefits from a combination of road, rail or water transportation; a profitable industry base; an amenity environment that creates and sustains a well-educated labor force; city planning which directs incentives in line with business attraction goals; technological innovation within the cluster; and information networks supporting rapid adaptation to changing circumstances.
Susan Walcott; Huasheng Zhu. Regional Urban Economic Clusters. Representing Place and Territorial Identities in Europe 2014, 257 -276.
AMA StyleSusan Walcott, Huasheng Zhu. Regional Urban Economic Clusters. Representing Place and Territorial Identities in Europe. 2014; ():257-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusan Walcott; Huasheng Zhu. 2014. "Regional Urban Economic Clusters." Representing Place and Territorial Identities in Europe , no. : 257-276.
Although the U.S. and China are the two largest economies in the world, the economic geographies of the two countries display different patterns. The U.S. is much more advanced than China in economic development, while China is growing much faster. Chapter 5 compares the growth and geographies of the natural resource and mining, the industrial sector, and services sector of the two countries. Both China and the U.S. take advantage of their abundant natural resources through mining. While the U.S. focused on domestic oil and gas exploration to keep up with its high per capita energy consumption, China invested heavily overseas for its growing quest for energy and raw materials for industrial production. The U.S. experienced deindustrialization and has reached the post-industrial stage of economic development, in which services is the most important economic sector in both income and employment. China is still in the industrialization stage and has become the largest manufacturer in the world. Services in China are the fastest growing sector and receives the most investment. Economic geography in the U.S. emphasizes urban areas, especially those in Northeastern and Western coasts. Economic activities in China are concentrated in cities on the eastern coast, but a good portion of those is agricultural activities that spread widely across the rural areas.
Hongmian Gong; Huasheng Zhu. Economic Geography. Representing Place and Territorial Identities in Europe 2014, 159 -179.
AMA StyleHongmian Gong, Huasheng Zhu. Economic Geography. Representing Place and Territorial Identities in Europe. 2014; ():159-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongmian Gong; Huasheng Zhu. 2014. "Economic Geography." Representing Place and Territorial Identities in Europe , no. : 159-179.