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Sport performance is characterized by competitive stressful conditions that elicit emotional states. The purpose of the study was to examine whether stress mediated the relationship between mood states and performance. Thirty-two elite canoe polo players from four different Italian teams (16 senior males and 16 senior females), aged between 29 and 38 years old (M = 32.3, SD = 2.71), participated in the study. Measures included level of psychological stress, six mood dimensions, and performance outcome. We also detected the digit ratio—the lower second-to-fourth digit length (2D:4D) ratio—as it was demonstrated to be correlated to high sports performance. The assessment took place one day before the first game of the national competition “ITALY CUP”. Male athletes reported lower scores on dysfunctional emotion-related states and on 2D:4D ratio than female athletes. The results of the mediation analysis showed that psychological stress plays a mediating role between moods and performance. Overall, given the limited literature, the findings supported an integrative approach to the study of the linkage between emotion and action in canoe polo.
Donatella Di Corrado; Andrea Buscemi; Paola Magnano; Nelson Maldonato; Matej Tusak; Marinella Coco. Mood States and Performance in Elite Canoe Polo Players: The Mediating Role of Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4494 .
AMA StyleDonatella Di Corrado, Andrea Buscemi, Paola Magnano, Nelson Maldonato, Matej Tusak, Marinella Coco. Mood States and Performance in Elite Canoe Polo Players: The Mediating Role of Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4494.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonatella Di Corrado; Andrea Buscemi; Paola Magnano; Nelson Maldonato; Matej Tusak; Marinella Coco. 2021. "Mood States and Performance in Elite Canoe Polo Players: The Mediating Role of Stress." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4494.
The present review aims to examine the effects of high blood lactate levels in healthy adult humans, for instance, after a period of exhaustive exercise, on the functioning of the cerebral cortex. In some of the examined studies, high blood lactate levels were obtained not only through exhaustive exercise but also with an intravenous infusion of lactate while the subject was immobile. This allowed us to exclude the possibility that the observed post-exercise effects were nonspecific (e.g., cortical changes in temperature, acidity, etc.). We observed that, in both experimental conditions, high levels of blood lactate are associated with a worsening of important cognitive domains such as attention or working memory or stress, without gender differences. Moreover, in both experimental conditions, high levels of blood lactate are associated with an improvement of the primary motor area (M1) excitability. Outside the frontal lobe, the use of visual evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials allowed us to observe, in the occipital and parietal lobe respectively, that high levels of blood lactate are associated with an amplitude’s increase and a latency’s reduction of the early components of the evoked responses. In conclusion, significant increases of blood lactate levels could exercise a double-action in the central nervous system (CNS), with a protecting role on primary cortical areas (such as M1, primary visual area, or primary somatosensory cortex), while reducing the efficiency of adjacent regions, such as the supplementary motor area (SMA) or prefrontal cortex. These observations are compatible with the possibility that lactate works in the brain not only as an energy substrate or an angiogenetic factor but also as a true neuromodulator, which can protect from stress. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and effects of lactic acid products produced during an anaerobic exercise lactate, focusing on their action at the level of the central nervous system with particular attention to the primary motor, the somatosensory evoked potentials, and the occipital and parietal lobe.
Marinella Coco; Andrea Buscemi; Tiziana Ramaci; Matej Tusak; Donatella Di Corrado; Vincenzo Perciavalle; Grazia Maugeri; Valentina Perciavalle; Giuseppe Musumeci. Influences of Blood Lactate Levels on Cognitive Domains and Physical Health during a Sports Stress. Brief Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 9043 .
AMA StyleMarinella Coco, Andrea Buscemi, Tiziana Ramaci, Matej Tusak, Donatella Di Corrado, Vincenzo Perciavalle, Grazia Maugeri, Valentina Perciavalle, Giuseppe Musumeci. Influences of Blood Lactate Levels on Cognitive Domains and Physical Health during a Sports Stress. Brief Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (23):9043.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarinella Coco; Andrea Buscemi; Tiziana Ramaci; Matej Tusak; Donatella Di Corrado; Vincenzo Perciavalle; Grazia Maugeri; Valentina Perciavalle; Giuseppe Musumeci. 2020. "Influences of Blood Lactate Levels on Cognitive Domains and Physical Health during a Sports Stress. Brief Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 9043.