Background: Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving paradigm that uses knowledge of relevant past experiences (cases) to interpret or solve new problems. CBR systems allow generating explanations easily, as they typically organize and represent knowledge in a way that makes it possible to reason about and thereby generate explanations. An improvement of this paradigm is ontology-based CBR, an approach that combines, in the form of formal ontologies, case-specific knowledge with domain one in order to improve the effectiveness and explanation capability of the system. Intelligent systems make daily activities more easily, efficiently, and represent a real support for sustainable economic development. On the one hand, they improve efficiency, productivity, and quality, and, on the other hand, can reduce costs and cut waste. In this way, intelligent systems facilitate sustainable development, economic growth, societal progress, and improve efficiency. Aim: In this vision, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new generation of intelligent decision support systems for Business Model having the ability to provide explanations to increase confidence in proposed solutions. Findings/result: The performance results obtained show the benefits of the proposed solution with different requirements of an explanatory decision support system. Consequently, applying this paradigm for software tools of business model development will make a great promise for supporting business model design, sustainability, and innovation.

With the deployment of multimedia services over VANETs, there is a need to develop new techniques to insure various levels of quality of services (QoS) for real time applications. However, in such environments, it is not an easy task to determine adequate routes to transmit data with specific application QoS requirements. In this paper, we propose CBQoS-Vanet, a new QoS-based routing protocol tailored towards vehicular networks in a highway scenario. This protocol is based on the use of two techniques: first a clustering technique which organizes and optimizes the exchange of routing information and, second, a bee colony inspired algorithm, which calculates the best routes from a source to a destination based on given QoS criteria. In our approach, clusters are formed around cluster heads that are themselves elected based on QoS considerations. The QoS criteria here are based on the two categories of metrics: QoS metrics and mobility metrics. The QoS metrics consists of the available bandwidth, the end-to-end delay, and the jitter. The mobility metrics consists of link expiration time and average velocity difference. We have studied the performance of CBQoS-Vanet through simulation and compared it to existing approaches. The results that we obtained show that our technique outperforms, in many aspects, the approaches that it was compared against.

Recent years have seen a growing interest in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) and their benefits to the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). With the deployment of multimedia services over VANETs, there is a need to develop new approaches to insure higher level of quality of services (QoS) for real time applications, and integrate QoS into routing protocols. However, in VANET environment, it is not an easy task to search for routes which satisfy the QoS required by the applications. In this paper, we propose CBQoS-Vanet, a new QoS-based unicast routing protocol for vehicular networks. This protocol is based on the use of two techniques: a clustering algorithm which organizes and optimizes the exchange of the routing information based on QoS requirements, and an artificial bee colony algorithm, which finds the best routes from a source to a destination based on QoS criteria. In our approach clusters are formed around cluster-heads that are elected based on QoS consideration. In this paper we consider the following QoS criteria: available bandwidth, end-to-end delay, jitter, and link expiration time. Through simulation experiments, we show that our method can improve greatly the performance of routing in VANET by selecting routes based on the above mentioned QoS criteria.

Video streaming is one of the challenging issues in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) due to their highly dynamic topology and frequent connectivity disruptions. Recent developments in the routing protocol methods used in VANETs have contributed to improvements in the quality of experience (QoE) of the received video. One of these methods is the selection of the next-hop relay vehicle. In this paper, a QoE-aware geographic protocol for video streaming over VANETs is proposed. The selection process of the next relay vehicle is based on a correlated formula of QoE and quality of service (QoS) factors to enhance the users’ QoE. The simulation results show that the proposed GeoQoE-Vanet outperforms both GPSR and GPSR-2P protocols in providing the best end-user QoE of video streaming service.

The respiratory viral diseases, such as those caused by the family of coronaviruses, can be extremely contagious and spread through saliva droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, or breathing. In humans, the most common symptoms of the infection include fever and difficulty in breathing. In order to reduce the diffusion of the current “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)” pandemic, the Internet of Things technologies can play an important role; for instance, they can be effectively used for implementing a real‐time patient tracking and warning system at a city scale. Crucial places to install the tracking IoT devices are the public/private vehicles that, augmented with multiple connectivity solutions, can implement the Internet of Vehicles paradigm. In such ubiquitous network environment, vehicles are equipped with a variety of sensors, including regular cameras that can be replaced with thermal cameras. Therefore, this article proposes a new design for widely detecting respiratory viral diseases that leverages IoV to collect real‐time body temperature and breathing rate measurements of pedestrians. This information can be used to recognize geographic areas affected by possible COVID‐19 cases and to implement proactive preventive strategies that would further limit the spread of the disease.

Several routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc vehicle networks. They affect directly but differently the quality of the transmitted data. In this paper, we introduce a multipath feature to decrease packet loss in greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol (GPSR). Since using only one path during transmission may cause packet loss due to congestion and saturation in this path. Our enhancement is based on sending the same packet over two different paths to maximize its reception probability. This scheme is evaluated in a highway environment using Omnet++, Veins, and SUMO. The results show that the proposed solution overcomes GPSR in packet delivery ratio.