The interaction between the teacher and the student is essential in order to encourage adherence to physical exercise or sports by young people. In this sense, the support of the autonomy of the teacher for the students has been analyzed in a one-dimensional way. Therefore, the aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Scale of Support for Autonomy Perceived for Physical Education the context of Spanish to physical exercise, in order to have a multidimensional scale. A total of 2329 young people from various educational centers in Andalusia (Spain) participated in the study. The factorial structure of the questionnaire was examined through an exploratory factorial analysis and two confirmatory factorial analyses. In addition, an analysis of invariability by sex and age was carried out. The results reflected that the validated questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties, being invariable with respect to sex and age.

This systematic review explores interventions and technologies aimed at assessing or improving thermoregulation in older adults (≥60 years) across community, clinical, and institutional settings. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect (2010–2025) identified 449 records, of which nine studies met inclusion criteria. The evidence revealed that thermoregulation in older adults is influenced by complex interactions between environmental, physiological, behavioral, and cognitive factors. Predictive models based on skin or facial temperature, and supported by machine learning approaches, showed promising accuracy in estimating thermal sensation and core temperature. Active interventions, such as cooling devices, ventilated clothing, and microclimatic systems, demonstrated significant reductions in skin and core temperature, improving thermal comfort. Educational and community-based strategies also proved effective in reducing thermal risk perception and adverse events. However, despite the availability of wearable devices capable of continuous monitoring, no studies have reported their application in daily-life or environmental contexts for heatstroke prevention in older adults. This gap highlights a critical opportunity for integrating wearable technologies into preventive frameworks. Future research should focus on validating these approaches in ecological settings and tailoring strategies to individual vulnerabilities, thereby improving thermal safety, autonomy, and well-being in this vulnerable population.

Background: Spain has an increasingly aging population in rural areas. These individuals often face the burden of illness and the limitations it causes in solitude, leading to greater impacts on their health and quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study is to preserve the capacities of older adults living in rural settings through care and digitalization with IoT Technology, in order to ensure safety and autonomy in their homes and to provide vital emotional support in the final stage of their lives. Material and methods: A longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of 144 older adults from rural areas who received home support through a Silver caregiver and IoT Technology. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in cognitive status, anxi-ety, depression, family functionality, social support, life satisfaction, and quality of life. Conclu-sions: The results of this study support the effectiveness of combining traditional caregiving with IoT Technology to improve health-related quality of life and well-being in older adults living in rural areas. This combination offers a comprehensive approach that addresses both the physical and emotional needs of this population group.

Background: Spain has an increasingly aging population in rural areas. These individuals often face the burden of illness and the limitations it causes in solitude, leading to greater impacts on their health and quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined IoT-based home monitoring and Silver Caregiver support intervention on health-related quality of life and functional, cognitive, emotional, and social outcomes in older adults living alone in rural settings. Material and methods: A longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of 144 older adults from rural areas who received home support through a Silver Caregiver and IoT technology. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in cognitive status, anxiety, depression, family functionality, social support, life satisfaction, and quality of life. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the combined intervention primarily enhances psychological well-being, social connectedness, and perceived quality of life while contributing to the maintenance of basic physical function in older adults living in rural areas.