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Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has gained momentum recently. Almost all EU coastal states prepare various types of maritime spatial plans. These will create important preconditions for port functioning and development and improve ports’ competitive position. There is no uniform attempt to prepare MSP for the sea waters of ports. Experience in that area is limited. These challenges are discussed in the paper. The Polish approach to MSP is analysed and evaluated from the perspective of port and sea transport competitiveness. Container ports and their terminals must be accessible and able to perform fast, reliable and just in time operations to remain competitive and to handle the expected growth. Sufficient space is necessary for that. Expanding ports should, however, keep their environmental footprint under control. These issues are crucial for the Port of Gdańsk, where the huge investment project ”Central Port” was launched in 2018. One of the most important elements in this project is the construction of a new deep-water container terminal and new seaward ro-ro terminal. The article explores the threats and opportunities for the processes of port and terminals relocation/migration under new MSP conditions, based on a case study of the Port of Gdańsk. Key conflicts of seaward port development were identified with the protection of cultural heritage, national defence coastal defence, well-being of marine fauna and lying technical infrastructure. They informed multi-level and multi-sector stakeholder dialogue within the Polish MSP resulting in proposal of some mitigation measures. These measures were analysed in this paper and on this basis key problems in orchestrating MSP and port development were highlighted.They are related to timing of both processes (MSP and port development), ways of deciding on necessary trade-offs and different value systems behind MSP and profit driven port investments.
Ernest Czermański; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Jacek Zaucha; Barbara Pawłowska; Magdalena Matczak; Łukasz Szydłowski. Preconditions of new container terminal location in the Maritime Spatial Planning framework. A case study for the Central Port Concept in Gdańsk. Marine Policy 2021, 130, 104585 .
AMA StyleErnest Czermański, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, Jacek Zaucha, Barbara Pawłowska, Magdalena Matczak, Łukasz Szydłowski. Preconditions of new container terminal location in the Maritime Spatial Planning framework. A case study for the Central Port Concept in Gdańsk. Marine Policy. 2021; 130 ():104585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnest Czermański; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Jacek Zaucha; Barbara Pawłowska; Magdalena Matczak; Łukasz Szydłowski. 2021. "Preconditions of new container terminal location in the Maritime Spatial Planning framework. A case study for the Central Port Concept in Gdańsk." Marine Policy 130, no. : 104585.
Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.
Ernest Czermański; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Barbara Pawłowska; Theo Notteboom. An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping. Energies 2021, 14, 278 .
AMA StyleErnest Czermański, Giuseppe T. Cirella, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, Barbara Pawłowska, Theo Notteboom. An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping. Energies. 2021; 14 (2):278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnest Czermański; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Barbara Pawłowska; Theo Notteboom. 2021. "An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping." Energies 14, no. 2: 278.
European societies today face many sustainability challenges including but not limited to youth unemployment, aging populations, climate change, pollution, sustainable energy and migration. These problems are especially evident in cities. The objectives of smart development and integrated planning in European cities have been presented in the Europe 2020 strategy. It assumes restoration of European cities through stimulating innovation. In the socio-economic dimension, this means supporting the development of intelligent cities, often referred to as Smart Cities. According to the Smart City definition it is a city with the ability to adapt to the changing socio-economic conditions. This feature is extremely important in times of constant change. Progressing urbanization, globalization, technology transfer to everyday life and dwindling natural capital are the reasons why urban development is increasingly dependent on such factors as advanced technologies or territorial capital, understood as the available material and immaterial resources that determine the functioning of a given area. One of the Smart City components is intelligent transport. Improving mobility, ensuring accessibility and decreasing traffic congestion are some of the greatest challenges facing smart cities today. To respond to these challenges many city planners are glancing at smart transport solutions to reduce congestion as well as to optimize the use of city public transport. The aim of this article is to identify the challenges faced by European cities nowadays, present transport as a component of the Smart City and show its role in implementing the Smart City concept. The author presents European actions in terms of city mobility and recognizes their role in attaining the 11th SDG. Particular attention is paid to cities of the new Member States. Some examples of activities undertaken and tools used by authorities of European cities will be cited as examples of good practices. An analysis of the conditions for the transferability of such a solution will be included in the article.
Barbara Pawłowska. Intelligent transport as a key component of implementation the sustainable development concept in smart cities. Transport Economics and Logistics 2018, 79, 7 -21.
AMA StyleBarbara Pawłowska. Intelligent transport as a key component of implementation the sustainable development concept in smart cities. Transport Economics and Logistics. 2018; 79 ():7-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Pawłowska. 2018. "Intelligent transport as a key component of implementation the sustainable development concept in smart cities." Transport Economics and Logistics 79, no. : 7-21.
A sustainable transport system is one of the greatest challenges in the pursuit of sustainable development. A wide range of environmental problems has to be solved in ways that are compatible with social and economic goals. The transport sector has already taken a lot of measures to reduce the burden on the environment. In order to achieve an environmentally and socially sustainable transport system, more action is needed. The integration of environmental concerns into policies and decision-making has to be extended and deepened. There is no doubt that if something can be measured, it can be managed, so the success of current and future integrated policies can only be judged by identifying key indicators that can be tracked and compared with concrete policy objectives (benchmarking). A TERM is a proposed reporting tool on transport and environment, which has been developed by the European Commission and European Environmental Agency. Under the TERM, annual indicator-based reports are produced as a tool to assist policy makers with the assessment of the effectiveness of strategies. The proposed indicators can help in the assessment of policy-level strategies and the level of goal achievements. The aim of this article is to review the effect of sustainable policy implementation based on the TERM indicators in the latest report and draw some conclusions and recommendations how to go ahead to reach the goals assumed in the long-term perspective by 2050.
Barbara Pawlowska. An Overview of the Progress Towards Sustainable Transport Development by Using TERM Indicators. Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology 2017, 27 -45.
AMA StyleBarbara Pawlowska. An Overview of the Progress Towards Sustainable Transport Development by Using TERM Indicators. Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology. 2017; ():27-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Pawlowska. 2017. "An Overview of the Progress Towards Sustainable Transport Development by Using TERM Indicators." Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology , no. : 27-45.
A. Joko Purwanto; Christophe Heyndrickx; Jan Kiel; Ofelia Betancor; M. Pilar Socorro; Aday Hernandez; Juan Luis Eugenio-Martin; Barbara Pawlowska; Przemyslaw Borkowski; Ralf Fiedler. Impact of Transport Infrastructure on International Competitiveness of Europe. Transportation Research Procedia 2017, 25, 2877 -2888.
AMA StyleA. Joko Purwanto, Christophe Heyndrickx, Jan Kiel, Ofelia Betancor, M. Pilar Socorro, Aday Hernandez, Juan Luis Eugenio-Martin, Barbara Pawlowska, Przemyslaw Borkowski, Ralf Fiedler. Impact of Transport Infrastructure on International Competitiveness of Europe. Transportation Research Procedia. 2017; 25 ():2877-2888.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Joko Purwanto; Christophe Heyndrickx; Jan Kiel; Ofelia Betancor; M. Pilar Socorro; Aday Hernandez; Juan Luis Eugenio-Martin; Barbara Pawlowska; Przemyslaw Borkowski; Ralf Fiedler. 2017. "Impact of Transport Infrastructure on International Competitiveness of Europe." Transportation Research Procedia 25, no. : 2877-2888.
The aim of this chapter is to provide the overview of interconnectivity issues in the area of passenger transport in the context of sustainable transport development in the EU. At present the European Transport Networks’ role as integrated international networks is compromised by poor interconnectivity. A realistic assessment of intermodal opportunities is a key ingredient to future policy development. In this part the tools and solutions for improvement interconnectivity are also discussed.
Monika Bąk; Przemyslaw Borkowski; Barbara Pawlowska. Passenger Transport Interconnectivity as a Stimulator of Sustainable Transport Development in the European Union. Sustainable Transport 2012, 21 -39.
AMA StyleMonika Bąk, Przemyslaw Borkowski, Barbara Pawlowska. Passenger Transport Interconnectivity as a Stimulator of Sustainable Transport Development in the European Union. Sustainable Transport. 2012; ():21-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Bąk; Przemyslaw Borkowski; Barbara Pawlowska. 2012. "Passenger Transport Interconnectivity as a Stimulator of Sustainable Transport Development in the European Union." Sustainable Transport , no. : 21-39.
Monika Bak; Barbara Pawlowska; Przemyslaw Borkowski. Cases Studies in Improving Interconnectivity between Passenger Transport Modes-the Context of the EU Transport Policy Objectives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2012, 48, 2738 -2747.
AMA StyleMonika Bak, Barbara Pawlowska, Przemyslaw Borkowski. Cases Studies in Improving Interconnectivity between Passenger Transport Modes-the Context of the EU Transport Policy Objectives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 48 ():2738-2747.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Bak; Barbara Pawlowska; Przemyslaw Borkowski. 2012. "Cases Studies in Improving Interconnectivity between Passenger Transport Modes-the Context of the EU Transport Policy Objectives." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48, no. : 2738-2747.