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Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has gained momentum recently. Almost all EU coastal states prepare various types of maritime spatial plans. These will create important preconditions for port functioning and development and improve ports’ competitive position. There is no uniform attempt to prepare MSP for the sea waters of ports. Experience in that area is limited. These challenges are discussed in the paper. The Polish approach to MSP is analysed and evaluated from the perspective of port and sea transport competitiveness. Container ports and their terminals must be accessible and able to perform fast, reliable and just in time operations to remain competitive and to handle the expected growth. Sufficient space is necessary for that. Expanding ports should, however, keep their environmental footprint under control. These issues are crucial for the Port of Gdańsk, where the huge investment project ”Central Port” was launched in 2018. One of the most important elements in this project is the construction of a new deep-water container terminal and new seaward ro-ro terminal. The article explores the threats and opportunities for the processes of port and terminals relocation/migration under new MSP conditions, based on a case study of the Port of Gdańsk. Key conflicts of seaward port development were identified with the protection of cultural heritage, national defence coastal defence, well-being of marine fauna and lying technical infrastructure. They informed multi-level and multi-sector stakeholder dialogue within the Polish MSP resulting in proposal of some mitigation measures. These measures were analysed in this paper and on this basis key problems in orchestrating MSP and port development were highlighted.They are related to timing of both processes (MSP and port development), ways of deciding on necessary trade-offs and different value systems behind MSP and profit driven port investments.
Ernest Czermański; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Jacek Zaucha; Barbara Pawłowska; Magdalena Matczak; Łukasz Szydłowski. Preconditions of new container terminal location in the Maritime Spatial Planning framework. A case study for the Central Port Concept in Gdańsk. Marine Policy 2021, 130, 104585 .
AMA StyleErnest Czermański, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, Jacek Zaucha, Barbara Pawłowska, Magdalena Matczak, Łukasz Szydłowski. Preconditions of new container terminal location in the Maritime Spatial Planning framework. A case study for the Central Port Concept in Gdańsk. Marine Policy. 2021; 130 ():104585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnest Czermański; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Jacek Zaucha; Barbara Pawłowska; Magdalena Matczak; Łukasz Szydłowski. 2021. "Preconditions of new container terminal location in the Maritime Spatial Planning framework. A case study for the Central Port Concept in Gdańsk." Marine Policy 130, no. : 104585.
Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.
Ernest Czermański; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Barbara Pawłowska; Theo Notteboom. An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping. Energies 2021, 14, 278 .
AMA StyleErnest Czermański, Giuseppe T. Cirella, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, Barbara Pawłowska, Theo Notteboom. An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping. Energies. 2021; 14 (2):278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnest Czermański; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Barbara Pawłowska; Theo Notteboom. 2021. "An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping." Energies 14, no. 2: 278.
Ports are not just nodal points in global supply chains but at the same time, they are concentration points for air emissions. Ships that are manoeuvring within estuaries and within the port areas and ships at berth contribute to a large extend to the overall air pollution in port cities. Thus, the efforts to reduce these emissions are not only left to the shipping lines themselves, but to port authorities, port operators and port cities as well. One option that lately has gained huge political interest is onshore power supply. Consequently, more and more ports in the world begin to plan and implement such installations. For the time being, this process is yet in an initial phase and even if different technical solutions do exist and prove their usability in daily operations, the needed investments for the installations do barely see any economic viability. The same is to observe for the operational costs, which is why a discussion for a general obligation to use shore power in ports is ongoing. Time will show if shore power really is a solution or if shipping lines will find even better options to reduce air emissions on their path towards a zero emission shipping.
Iven Krämer; Ernest Czermański. Onshore power one option to reduce air emissions in ports. Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum 2020, 28, 13 -20.
AMA StyleIven Krämer, Ernest Czermański. Onshore power one option to reduce air emissions in ports. Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum. 2020; 28 (1-2):13-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIven Krämer; Ernest Czermański. 2020. "Onshore power one option to reduce air emissions in ports." Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum 28, no. 1-2: 13-20.
An enterprise carrying out operations according to the sustainable development (SD) concept should maximize its business goals without affecting interest groups. It requires not only a rethinking, but also a partial allocation of profit to social goals—used to contribute to and create a positive image of the enterprise and improve its competitiveness—over the long-term. Operations should result in an increase in profit—indirectly—by way of demand. This paper explores the sustainable supply chain (SSC) concept and the interplay of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within business objectives. The concept of SSC-compliant CSR is primarily stressed as an executive, top-down centric role. Businesses and societies at large that foster an SD continuum are considered healthy economies. The SD of enterprises and CSR in business are explored in relation to social investment and considered a viable long-term strategy for doing business. A pilot case study of Poland is carried out as a value analysis of the SSCs of enterprises. The key findings illustrate the benefits and problems of SSCs applied at the enterprise level. The problems of applying the principles of SSC within the enterprise and the connection between its levels of strategy and social value in terms of CSR and entrepreneurial operations are examined. Comparative studies indicate a number of overlapping trends in which positive SSC is cross-functional toward business partners, suppliers, customers, investors, and local communities.
Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Ernest Czermański; Giuseppe T. Cirella. Sustainable Supply Chain of Enterprises: Value Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 419 .
AMA StyleAneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, Ernest Czermański, Giuseppe T. Cirella. Sustainable Supply Chain of Enterprises: Value Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Ernest Czermański; Giuseppe T. Cirella. 2020. "Sustainable Supply Chain of Enterprises: Value Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 419.
This article marks the first attempt on Polish and European scale to identify the relationship between urban and industrial air pollution and the health conditions of urban populations, while also estimating the financial burden of incidence rates among urban populations for diseases selected in the course of this study as having a causal relation with such incidence. This paper presents the findings of a pilot study based on general regression models, intended to explore air pollutants with a statistically relevant impact on the incidence of selected diseases within the Agglomeration of Gdańsk in the years 2010–2018. In discussing the city’s industrial functions, the study takes into consideration the existence within its limits of a large port that services thousands of ships every year, contributing substantially to the volume of emissions (mainly NOx and PM) to the air. The causes considered include the impact of air pollution, seasonality, land- and sea-based emissions, as well as their mutual interactions. All of the factors and their interactions have a significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) on the incidence of selected diseases in the long term (9 years). The source data were obtained from the Polish National Health Fund (NFZ), the Agency for Regional Monitoring of Atmosphere in the Agglomeration of Gdańsk (ARMAAG), the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ), and the Port of Gdańsk Harbourmaster. The study used 60 variables representing the diseases, classified into 19 groups. The resulting findings were used to formulate a methodology for estimating the financial burden of the negative health effects of air pollution for the agglomeration, and will be utilized as a reference point for further research in selected regions of Poland.
Piotr O. Czechowski; Piotr Dąbrowiecki; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Michalina Bielawska; Ernest Czermański; Tomasz Owczarek; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Artur Badyda. A Preliminary Attempt at the Identification and Financial Estimation of the Negative Health Effects of Urban and Industrial Air Pollution Based on the Agglomeration of Gdańsk. Sustainability 2019, 12, 42 .
AMA StylePiotr O. Czechowski, Piotr Dąbrowiecki, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, Michalina Bielawska, Ernest Czermański, Tomasz Owczarek, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Artur Badyda. A Preliminary Attempt at the Identification and Financial Estimation of the Negative Health Effects of Urban and Industrial Air Pollution Based on the Agglomeration of Gdańsk. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):42.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr O. Czechowski; Piotr Dąbrowiecki; Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek; Michalina Bielawska; Ernest Czermański; Tomasz Owczarek; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Artur Badyda. 2019. "A Preliminary Attempt at the Identification and Financial Estimation of the Negative Health Effects of Urban and Industrial Air Pollution Based on the Agglomeration of Gdańsk." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 42.