In the current study, polyaniline and polypyrrole with silicon dioxide (PAni:PPy@SiO₂) were combined to formulate a new adsorbent, which was examined using XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET, and the adsorption kinetics were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical band gap was also evaluated. The electrochemical behavior was investigated using cyclic voltammograms. Moreover, experimental conditions were used to evaluate the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) adsorption based on the pH, temperature, reaction time, and initial concentration. The analytical isotherm data were determined by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson models. For the analysis of the kinetic data, the pseudo-first- and -second-order models and the intraparticle diffusion model were investigated. It was found that this new adsorbent possessed the highest adsorption efficiency after several regeneration cycles. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption, such as entropy (ΔS), enthalpy (ΔH), and standard Gibbs were measured. These results suggest that the PAni:PPy backbone can generally be better applied for the elimination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by appropriately dispersing it over the surface of suitable SiO₂. This search provides a novel way to develop separable, high-performance adsorbents for adsorbing organic contamination from wastewater.

Electrospun porous carbon nanofiber mats have excellent properties, such as a large surface area, tunable porosity, and excellent electrical conductivity, and have attracted great attention in energy storage and power generation applications. Moreover, due to their exceptional properties, they can be used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), membrane electrodes for fuel cells, catalytic applications such as oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs), hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), and sensing applications such as biosensors, electrochemical sensors, and chemical sensors, providing a comprehensive insight into energy storage development and applications. This study focuses on the role of electrospun porous carbon nanofiber mats in improving energy storage and generation and contributes to a better understanding of the fabrication process of electrospun porous carbon nanofiber mats. In addition, a comprehensive review of various alternative preparation methods covering a wide range from natural polymers to synthetic carbon-rich materials is provided, along with insights into the current literature.

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the study of nanocomposites as electrode materials has significantly enhanced the scope of research towards energy storage applications. Exploring electrode materials with superior electrochemical properties is still a challenge for high-performance supercapacitors. In the present research article, we prepared a novel nanocomposite of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles grown over supported graphene oxide sheets and embedded with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix to maximize its electrical double layer capacitance. The extensive characterization shows that the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix was homogeneously dispersed throughout the surface of the tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide exhibits a higher specific capacitance of 478.3 F·g⁻¹ at 10 mV·s⁻¹ as compared to tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide (345.3 F·g⁻¹). The retention capacity of 92.1% up to 5000 cycles at 0.1 A·g⁻¹ shows that this ternary nanocomposite electrode also exhibits good cycling stability. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide energy density and power densities are observed to be 54.2 Wh·kg⁻¹ and 971 W·kg⁻¹. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide has been shown to be a superior anode material in supercapacitors because of the synergistic interaction of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix and the tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide surface. These advantages reveal that the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide electrode can be a promising electroactive material for supercapacitor applications.

The hybridization of clay minerals with conducting polymers receives great interest for different potential applications, including environmental remediation. This work studies and compares the electrochemical properties of two different clays, montmorillonite (Mont) and diatomite (Diat), and their respective clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrid materials in H₂SO₄ medium. The hybrid materials were prepared by electropolymerization of EDOT in the presence of PSS. The physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of both clays were analyzed by different techniques, and the influence of the clay properties on electropolymerization and the electroactivity of the resulting clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrids was investigated. Specifically, the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox probe and the oxidation of diclofenac, as a model pharmaceutical emerging pollutant, were used to test the electron transfer capability and oxidative response, respectively, of the clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrids. The results demonstrate that, despite its low electrical conductivity, the Mont is an electroactive material itself with good electron-transfer capability. Conversely, the Diat shows no electroactivity. The hybridization with PEDOT generally enhances the electroactivity of the clays, but the clay properties affect the electropolymerization efficiency and hybrids electroactivity, so the Mont/PEDOT displays improved electrochemical properties. It is demonstrated that clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrids exhibit diclofenac oxidation capability and diclofenac concentration sensitivity.