A comparative study was performed in order to analyze the effect of metal oxide (MO) on the properties of a polymeric matrix. In this study, polyaniline (PANI)@Al₂O₃, PANI@TiC, and PANI@TiO₂ nanocomposites were synthesized using in situ polymerization with ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. The prepared materials were characterized by various analytical methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the conductive properties of the materials were tested using the four-point probe method. The presence of MO in the final product was confirmed by XPS, XRD, FTIR, and TEM, while spectroscopic characterization revealed interactions between the MOs and PANI. The results showed that the thermal stability was improved when the MO was incorporated into the polymeric matrix. Moreover, the results revealed that incorporating TiO₂ into the PANI matrix improves the optical bandgap of the nanocomposite and decreases electrical conductivity compared to other conducting materials. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the hybrid nanocomposites were tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD). The obtained results suggest that the PANI@TiO₂ nanocomposite could be a promising electrode material candidate for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

In the current study, polyaniline and polypyrrole with silicon dioxide (PAni:PPy@SiO₂) were combined to formulate a new adsorbent, which was examined using XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET, and the adsorption kinetics were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical band gap was also evaluated. The electrochemical behavior was investigated using cyclic voltammograms. Moreover, experimental conditions were used to evaluate the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) adsorption based on the pH, temperature, reaction time, and initial concentration. The analytical isotherm data were determined by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson models. For the analysis of the kinetic data, the pseudo-first- and -second-order models and the intraparticle diffusion model were investigated. It was found that this new adsorbent possessed the highest adsorption efficiency after several regeneration cycles. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption, such as entropy (ΔS), enthalpy (ΔH), and standard Gibbs were measured. These results suggest that the PAni:PPy backbone can generally be better applied for the elimination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by appropriately dispersing it over the surface of suitable SiO₂. This search provides a novel way to develop separable, high-performance adsorbents for adsorbing organic contamination from wastewater.

In this study, a polyaniline-titanium carbide (PANI-TiC) hybrid was synthesized via in situ polymerization to investigate its potential for Congo Red (CR) adsorption. The hybrid was characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, TEM, EDS, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The CR adsorption behavior was studied under varying conditions, including contact time (10–100 min), pH (2–12), initial dye concentration (30–300 mg/L), and temperature (273–373 K). Adsorption models, including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin, were evaluated, with the Langmuir model best describing the CR adsorption on PANI-TiC, showing a high correlation coefficient (R ² = 0.997). The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R ² = 0.998) and was endothermic, as indicated by a positive ∆H of 46.23 kJ/mol. FTIR analysis before and after adsorption revealed interactions between PANI-TiC and CR, which were further explained by a proposed mechanism. Notably, the band gap of the PANI-TiC-CR complex shifted from 2.28 to 2.63 eV, indicating the significant changes in the hybrid's properties upon adsorption.

This study investigates the influence of positional isomerism on the physicochemical characteristics of polymeric matrices by examining polyo-anisidine (POA) and polyp-anisidine (PPA) in conjunction with TiO₂ nanoparticles. The synthesis of POA@TiO₂ and PPA@TiO₂ involved chemical oxidative polymerization. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the anatase structure of TiO₂ nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the successful integration of TiO₂ nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. Moreover, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the effective interaction between the nanoparticle and the polymer. TGA indicated that POA@TiO₂ exhibited a lower weight loss than PPA@TiO₂, suggesting an enhancement in thermal stability. Although the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles led to a reduction in the electrical conductivity of the pristine polymers (PPA and POA), the resultant nanocomposites retained high conductivities within the range of 0.08 to 0.34 S.cm⁻¹. Furthermore, the POA-based polymer matrix displayed promising electrochemical properties. Significantly, the adherence of the POA layer to TiO₂ nanoparticles suggests potential practical applications.

The incorporation of conducting polymers with nanostructure materials offers a promising route to multifunctional materials with improved electrochemical and thermal properties. In this study, poly(2-anisidine) (P(2-ANIS)), a methoxy-subst ituted derivative of polyaniline, was synthesized via oxidative polymerization and combined with titanium carbide(TiC) nanoparticles to form hybrid nanocomposites. Two methods were used : in situ polymerization, where TiC was present during polymer preparation, and ex situ method, where TiC was introduced after polymer obtained. Comprehensive characterization including XRD, FTIR, TEM, TGA, UV–Vis, cyclic voltammetry, and electrical con ductivity measurements was carried out to evaluate the effect of each method on the structural, thermal, and electronic properties of the composites. Results display that the in-situ method yields high particle dispersion, stronger interfacial interaction, enhanced electrochemical redox activity, and higher thermal stability compared to the ex-situ polymerization. However, the incorporation of TiC nanoparticles into the P(2-ANIS) matrix resulted in an increase in the optical band gap and a moderate decrease in electrical conductivity compared to the pure P(2-ANIS). These results demonstrate the influence of the synthesis method on the structural properties of P(2-ANIS)@TiC nanocomposites and provide valuable insight into tailoring polymer nanoparticle interfaces for advanced functional applications.