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Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and tea leaf residues are investigated as a potential source of bioenergy and biochemicals and compared to several woody biomasses. The effect of initial processing (coffee roasting and tea oxidizing) on feedstock composition and thermal behavior is assessed experimentally and analytically. In addition to proximate and ultimate analyses, the materials are examined by combustion tests coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry in oxidizing and inert atmospheres. The biggest differences in composition of the samples are found in the high elemental N and S contents of SCGs (2.9 wt% of N and 0.1 wt% of S on average) and especially tea leaf residues (4.5 wt% of N and 0.2 wt% of S on average). The elevated N and S values lead to NO and SO2 release during combustion. Overall, the obtained levels of reactivity and heating values (with a maximum higher heating value of 24 MJ kg−1 for the Arabica-Robusta coffee blend) confirm the significant energy potential of both the coffee and tea samples. Mass spectrometry analysis of the studied materials reveals higher heterogeneity of macromolecular composition of coffee and tea samples compared to woody biomasses. Pyridine, pyrazine, phenols and acetic acid are the most abundant among detected species and have demonstrated beneficial characteristics for a broad spectrum of human activities. The composition characteristics and reactivity test results presented in this work promote more effective valorization and usage of these currently little used biomass residues.
Ekaterina Sermyagina; Clara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez; Markku Nikku; Esa Vakkilainen. Spent coffee grounds and tea leaf residues: Characterization, evaluation of thermal reactivity and recovery of high-value compounds. Biomass and Bioenergy 2021, 150, 106141 .
AMA StyleEkaterina Sermyagina, Clara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez, Markku Nikku, Esa Vakkilainen. Spent coffee grounds and tea leaf residues: Characterization, evaluation of thermal reactivity and recovery of high-value compounds. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2021; 150 ():106141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkaterina Sermyagina; Clara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez; Markku Nikku; Esa Vakkilainen. 2021. "Spent coffee grounds and tea leaf residues: Characterization, evaluation of thermal reactivity and recovery of high-value compounds." Biomass and Bioenergy 150, no. : 106141.
Sustainability and energy efficiency have become important factors for many industrial processes, including chemical pulping. Recently complex back-end heat recovery solutions have been applied to biomass-fired boilers, lowering stack temperatures and recovering some of the latent heat of the moisture by condensation. Modern kraft recovery boiler flue gas offers still unutilized heat recovery possibilities. Scrubbers have been used, but the focus has been on gas cleaning; heat recovery implementations remain simple. The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential to increase the power generation and efficiency of chemical pulping by improved back-end heat recovery from the recovery boiler. Different configurations of heat recovery schemes and different heat sink options are considered, including heat pumps. IPSEpro simulation software is used to model the boiler and steam cycle of a modern Nordic pulp mill. When heat pumps are used to upgrade some of the recovered low-grade heat, up to +23 MW gross and +16.7 MW net power generation increase was observed when the whole pulp mill in addition to the boiler and steam cycle is considered as heat consumer. Combustion air humidification proved to yield a benefit only when assuming the largest heat sink scenario for the pulp mill.
Jussi Saari; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Juha Kaikko; Markus Haider; Marcelo Hamaguchi; Esa Vakkilainen. Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Improvement Potential through Back-End Heat Recovery in the Kraft Recovery Boiler. Energies 2021, 14, 1550 .
AMA StyleJussi Saari, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Juha Kaikko, Markus Haider, Marcelo Hamaguchi, Esa Vakkilainen. Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Improvement Potential through Back-End Heat Recovery in the Kraft Recovery Boiler. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJussi Saari; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Juha Kaikko; Markus Haider; Marcelo Hamaguchi; Esa Vakkilainen. 2021. "Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Improvement Potential through Back-End Heat Recovery in the Kraft Recovery Boiler." Energies 14, no. 6: 1550.
To increase the understanding of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass residues, four feedstocks: giant bamboo, coffee wood, eucalyptus, and coffee parchment, were studied. The effect of operating conditions on the products in terms of yield, composition and energy densification were quantified. Each feedstock was treated for 3 h at temperatures of 180, 200, 220 and 240 °C. For all samples, the higher heating value (HHV), fixed carbon content and energy density increased with increasing reaction severity, while volatile matter content and mass yield decreased. The HHV of hydrochar samples obtained at temperatures ≥220 °C were in the range of 24.6–29.2 MJ kg−1 and indicated the high potential of these materials for fuel applications. The mass yields varied in the range of 46.5–56.9%, with the exception for coffee parchment, where the lower values of 34.4–46.0% were obtained. The fixed carbon varied from 33.8% to 53.0%. The HTC liquor had pH values of 2.9–4.4 due to organic acids. The results were used to model and evaluate different industrial-scale HTC simulation cases. The overall efficiency was similar within all studied biomasses. The integration with a bio-fired power plant allows simplification of the process while also bringing efficiency gains. All studied biomasses appear to be suitable for energy and value-added products generation through HTC treatment. Coffee residues, which have received little research consideration previously, responded well.
Clara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Marcia Silva de Jesus; Marcelo Cardoso; Gustavo Matheus de Almeida; Esa Vakkilainen. Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic agro-forest based biomass residues. Biomass and Bioenergy 2021, 147, 106004 .
AMA StyleClara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Jussi Saari, Marcia Silva de Jesus, Marcelo Cardoso, Gustavo Matheus de Almeida, Esa Vakkilainen. Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic agro-forest based biomass residues. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2021; 147 ():106004.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Marcia Silva de Jesus; Marcelo Cardoso; Gustavo Matheus de Almeida; Esa Vakkilainen. 2021. "Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic agro-forest based biomass residues." Biomass and Bioenergy 147, no. : 106004.
Upgrading biomass waste streams can improve economics in wood industries by adding value to the process. This work considers use of a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process for the residual feedstock after lignin and hemicelluloses extraction. Batch experiments were performed at 200–240 °C temperatures and three hours residence time with an 8:1 biomass to water ratio for two feedstocks: Raw spruce and spruce after lignin extraction. The proximate analysis and heating value showed similar results for both feedstocks, indicating that the thermochemical conversion is not impacted by the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses; the pretreatment processing slightly increases the heating value of the treated feedstock, but the HTC conversion process produces a consistent upgrading trend for both the treated and untreated feedstocks. The energy yield was 9.7 percentage points higher for the treated wood on average across the range temperatures due to the higher mass yield in the treated experiments. The energy densification ratio and the mass yield were strongly correlated with reaction temperature, while the energy yield was not. Lignocellulosic composition of the solid HTC product is mainly affected by HTC treatment, the effect of lignin extraction is negligible.
Anna Partridge; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Esa Vakkilainen. Impact of Pretreatment on Hydrothermally Carbonized Spruce. Energies 2020, 13, 2984 .
AMA StyleAnna Partridge, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Esa Vakkilainen. Impact of Pretreatment on Hydrothermally Carbonized Spruce. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):2984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Partridge; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Esa Vakkilainen. 2020. "Impact of Pretreatment on Hydrothermally Carbonized Spruce." Energies 13, no. 11: 2984.
The composition, heating value, and reactivity of different municipal and industrial solid waste materials were studied and compared with biomass and coal samples. Reactivity characterization was performed in a vertical tube reactor by dropping a pelletized sample on a porous grid and monitoring the conversion of the sample by Fourier-transform infrared spetroscopy. Samples were tested in ambient oxygen atmosphere at three temperatures typical to incinerator applications, and in reduced oxygen atmospheres, that better represents conditions near the fuel feeding points in incinerators. Thermogravimetrical analysis was used to analyze selected samples and reactivity information was compared with the vertical tube reactor results. This research provides information on the material composition and reactivity for utilization of munical solid waste and sewage sludge in incineration applications. Comparison of two characterization methods illustrates that the characterization method has a significant effect on the reaction rate results, with the implication that the reaction characterization method should be selected to represent the actual conditions of the application.
Markku Nikku; Anjan Deb; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Liisa Puro. Reactivity characterization of municipal solid waste and biomass. Fuel 2019, 254, 115690 .
AMA StyleMarkku Nikku, Anjan Deb, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Liisa Puro. Reactivity characterization of municipal solid waste and biomass. Fuel. 2019; 254 ():115690.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarkku Nikku; Anjan Deb; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Liisa Puro. 2019. "Reactivity characterization of municipal solid waste and biomass." Fuel 254, no. : 115690.
In this work, the production viability, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of briquettes produced from mixtures of coffee shrub residues and pinewood, were evaluated. The densification was carried out under constant operating conditions (temperature of 120 °C, pressure of 8.27 MPa) in a piston-press type laboratory-scale briquetting machine. Coffee shrub residues were mixed with pinewood in ratios of 25%, 50% and 75%. In addition, reference briquettes of pure pinewood and of each type of coffee shrub residue were produced. To characterize the raw material, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon together with the calorific value of produced samples, were measured. To characterize the suitability of the briquettes produced: apparent density, energy density, tensile strength, and equilibrium moisture content were determined. The highest values of energy density (19133–19899 MJ m−3), tensile strength (415–569 kgf), apparent density (1107–1163 kg m−3) and favorable values of equilibrium moisture content (9–11 wt %) were obtained from a mixing ratio of 75% of pinewood. The novel contribution of this research was to develop briquettes with appropriate physical and mechanical parameters from new raw materials that could serve as sustainable fuel sources for local firing systems.
Clara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Angélica De Cassia Oliveira Carneiro; Esa Vakkilainen; Marcelo Cardoso. Production and characterization of coffee-pine wood residue briquettes as an alternative fuel for local firing systems in Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy 2019, 123, 70 -77.
AMA StyleClara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Angélica De Cassia Oliveira Carneiro, Esa Vakkilainen, Marcelo Cardoso. Production and characterization of coffee-pine wood residue briquettes as an alternative fuel for local firing systems in Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2019; 123 ():70-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Angélica De Cassia Oliveira Carneiro; Esa Vakkilainen; Marcelo Cardoso. 2019. "Production and characterization of coffee-pine wood residue briquettes as an alternative fuel for local firing systems in Brazil." Biomass and Bioenergy 123, no. : 70-77.
The study analyzes a potential to improve the local waste and wastewater management in a Finnish community. The Lappeenranta wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is used as a case study. Two different technological setups are considered for improving the wastewater treatment plant. These are used to construct four alternative wastewater reclamation scenarios. The mass and energy balances for the considered scenarios are developed and used as input for the profitability evaluation. The utilization of the sewage sludge from the WWTP and municipal solid waste fraction that cannot be recycled for the generation of heat and electricity at the CHP plant is investigated with the aim to improve the economic performance of the wastewater treatment facility. The studied scenarios are initially compared based on their investment and operational costs. The cost of water treatment increases significantly in the case of the investigated tertiary treatment systems: higher amounts of chemicals and electricity are needed to improve the water quality. At the same time, the study indicates that the profitability of a WWTP integrated with a CHP plant can be reasonably high in a wide range of likely price scenarios for alternative wastewater purification systems. The results of the analysis showed a significant potential for the investigated wastewater reclamation systems to improve the efficiency of solid waste and wastewater management in the community.
Kirill Murashko; Markku Nikku; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Johanna Julia Vauterin; Timo Hyppänen; Esa Vakkilainen; Juha Pyrhönen. Techno-economic analysis of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant operating in closed-loop. A Finnish case study. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2018, 25, 278 -294.
AMA StyleKirill Murashko, Markku Nikku, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Johanna Julia Vauterin, Timo Hyppänen, Esa Vakkilainen, Juha Pyrhönen. Techno-economic analysis of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant operating in closed-loop. A Finnish case study. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2018; 25 ():278-294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirill Murashko; Markku Nikku; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Johanna Julia Vauterin; Timo Hyppänen; Esa Vakkilainen; Juha Pyrhönen. 2018. "Techno-economic analysis of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant operating in closed-loop. A Finnish case study." Journal of Water Process Engineering 25, no. : 278-294.
Biomass conversion via thermal processes to generate energy will be an important part of the future energy landscape. The objective of this study was to determine the kinetic parameters of five types of eucalyptus wood derived from different clones, sugarcane bagasse, elephant grass, bamboo and fibers of coconut fruit. The framework to describe the kinetic pyrolysis consists of a fuel model including four constituents, namely hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin and extractives. Each pseudo-component was converted via two competing reactions into volatile and char. A statistical fit was achieved with mass loss rate data, obtained from the pyrolysis modeling and the thermogravimetric analysis, providing satisfactory statistical variance. In the end of the kinetic parameters optimization, the activation energies for reaction of hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin were obtained as 179.98, 130.0 and 40 kJ mol−1, respectively, whereas the decomposition of the pseudo-components resulted in relatively similar values of pre-exponential factor for all biomasses evaluated. The experimental results and kinetic parameters provide useful data to improve design of thermochemical conversion units.
Elém Patrícia Alves Rocha; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Esa Vakkilainen; Jorge Luiz Colodette; Idalmo Montenegro de Oliveira; Marcelo Cardoso. Kinetics of pyrolysis of some biomasses widely available in Brazil. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2017, 130, 1445 -1454.
AMA StyleElém Patrícia Alves Rocha, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Esa Vakkilainen, Jorge Luiz Colodette, Idalmo Montenegro de Oliveira, Marcelo Cardoso. Kinetics of pyrolysis of some biomasses widely available in Brazil. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2017; 130 (3):1445-1454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElém Patrícia Alves Rocha; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Esa Vakkilainen; Jorge Luiz Colodette; Idalmo Montenegro de Oliveira; Marcelo Cardoso. 2017. "Kinetics of pyrolysis of some biomasses widely available in Brazil." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 130, no. 3: 1445-1454.
Ekaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen. Integration of torrefaction and CHP plant: Operational and economic analysis. Applied Energy 2016, 183, 88 -99.
AMA StyleEkaterina Sermyagina, Jussi Saari, Juha Kaikko, Esa Vakkilainen. Integration of torrefaction and CHP plant: Operational and economic analysis. Applied Energy. 2016; 183 ():88-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen. 2016. "Integration of torrefaction and CHP plant: Operational and economic analysis." Applied Energy 183, no. : 88-99.
Jussi Saari; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen; Vitaly Sergeev. Integration of hydrothermal carbonization and a CHP plant: Part 2 –operational and economic analysis. Energy 2016, 113, 574 -585.
AMA StyleJussi Saari, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Juha Kaikko, Esa Vakkilainen, Vitaly Sergeev. Integration of hydrothermal carbonization and a CHP plant: Part 2 –operational and economic analysis. Energy. 2016; 113 ():574-585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJussi Saari; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen; Vitaly Sergeev. 2016. "Integration of hydrothermal carbonization and a CHP plant: Part 2 –operational and economic analysis." Energy 113, no. : 574-585.
Concerns about climate change and other issues mostly related to the reduction of fossil fuel usage have increased the demand for renewable energy sources. The possibility of using lignocellulosic biomass for energy generation is gaining interest in many countries worldwide. The current paper presents the analysis of physicochemical characteristics of nine lignocellulosic biomasses: five types of eucalyptus wood chips, sugar cane bagasse, elephant grass, bamboo, and coconut husk. Selection of a thermal conversion technology depends on the knowledge of important biomass characteristics in relation to thermal conversion: density and productivity, proximate and ultimate analysis, heating value, ash and polysaccharides composition, and thermogravimetric analysis. With regard to the annual energy potential and density, it was suggested that Eucalyptus urophylla (Flores IP) × E. urophylla (Timor) and bamboo have the greatest potential for energy application, which reduces transport and storage costs. Moreover, the eucalyptus has desirable characteristics in thermal conversion processes: low ash content that results in lesser damage to the equipment and low content of sulfur and nitrogen that leads to better environmental performance and product quality. The obtained information could be used as a basis for a more comprehensive database of biomass properties that will help to evaluate various biomasses with respect to the renewable energy potential.
Elém Patrícia Alves Rocha; Fernando José Borges Gomes; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Marcelo Cardoso; Jorge Luiz Colodette. Analysis of Brazilian Biomass Focusing on Thermochemical Conversion for Energy Production. Energy & Fuels 2015, 29, 7975 -7984.
AMA StyleElém Patrícia Alves Rocha, Fernando José Borges Gomes, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Marcelo Cardoso, Jorge Luiz Colodette. Analysis of Brazilian Biomass Focusing on Thermochemical Conversion for Energy Production. Energy & Fuels. 2015; 29 (12):7975-7984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElém Patrícia Alves Rocha; Fernando José Borges Gomes; Ekaterina Sermyagina; Marcelo Cardoso; Jorge Luiz Colodette. 2015. "Analysis of Brazilian Biomass Focusing on Thermochemical Conversion for Energy Production." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 12: 7975-7984.
Ekaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Behnam Zakeri; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen. Effect of heat integration method and torrefaction temperature on the performance of an integrated CHP-torrefaction plant. Applied Energy 2015, 149, 24 -34.
AMA StyleEkaterina Sermyagina, Jussi Saari, Behnam Zakeri, Juha Kaikko, Esa Vakkilainen. Effect of heat integration method and torrefaction temperature on the performance of an integrated CHP-torrefaction plant. Applied Energy. 2015; 149 ():24-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Behnam Zakeri; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen. 2015. "Effect of heat integration method and torrefaction temperature on the performance of an integrated CHP-torrefaction plant." Applied Energy 149, no. : 24-34.
Ekaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen. Hydrothermal carbonization of coniferous biomass: Effect of process parameters on mass and energy yields. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2015, 113, 551 -556.
AMA StyleEkaterina Sermyagina, Jussi Saari, Juha Kaikko, Esa Vakkilainen. Hydrothermal carbonization of coniferous biomass: Effect of process parameters on mass and energy yields. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2015; 113 ():551-556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkaterina Sermyagina; Jussi Saari; Juha Kaikko; Esa Vakkilainen. 2015. "Hydrothermal carbonization of coniferous biomass: Effect of process parameters on mass and energy yields." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 113, no. : 551-556.