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Prof. Giuseppe Radaelli
University of Padua

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0 Aquaculture
0 Immunohistochemistry
0 Molecular & Cellular Biology
0 Oxidative Stress
0 Growth performance

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Immunohistochemistry
Aquaculture
Growth performance
Oxidative Stress
Molecular & Cellular Biology
Stress Indicators

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Journal article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Animals
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Fish commercial transport is an ordinary practice in the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 48 h transport stress on stress response of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Real-Time PCR were used to evaluate muscle cortisol levels and to assess glucocorticoid receptor (gr) gene expression in fish muscle and liver, respectively. Presence and localization of various oxidative stress markers were investigated in different tissues by immunohistochemistry. A significant increase in muscle cortisol levels was observed after loading but a significant decrease occurred after 16 h from departure even without returning to control levels. Molecular analysis on stress response revealed an increase in muscle gr expression after fish loading that started decreasing during the travel returning to the control level at the end of the transport. Instead, no differences in liver gr expression were observed along the different sampling points. Immunostaining for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine (NT) and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) antibodies was detected in several organs. Notably, a higher NT immunostaining intensity was evident in skin and gills of the transported animals with respect to controls. Results demonstrated that cortisol and gr are useful indicators of stressful conditions in transported fish.

ACS Style

Martina Bortoletti; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Stefano Caberlotto; Daniela Bertotto. Muscle Cortisol Levels, Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Teleost Fish Argyrosomus regius Exposed to Transport Stress. Animals 2021, 11, 1160 .

AMA Style

Martina Bortoletti, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Giuseppe Radaelli, Stefano Caberlotto, Daniela Bertotto. Muscle Cortisol Levels, Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Teleost Fish Argyrosomus regius Exposed to Transport Stress. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):1160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Bortoletti; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Stefano Caberlotto; Daniela Bertotto. 2021. "Muscle Cortisol Levels, Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Teleost Fish Argyrosomus regius Exposed to Transport Stress." Animals 11, no. 4: 1160.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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The study focused on the macroscopic, histological, and biometric analysis of European hake females in GSA 17 (Central-North Adriatic Sea). From 2013 to 2015, 976 females were collected and analyzed monthly. Though females in spawning conditions were found during the whole year, the trend of GSI showed a peak of the reproductive season from April to July in 2014 and 2015. HSI and Kn reached the highest values in September, after the spawning peaks. In 2013, the trend of these indices did not highlight an evident peak, probably due to an adverse event that occurred in the previous winter in the Adriatic shelf. The length at first maturity (L50) was estimated by macroscopic and histological approaches, resulting in 30.81 cm for the macroscopical length and 33.73 cm for the histological length; both values are higher than the current catching legal size. For the first time in this area, batch and relative fecundity were estimated. Relative fecundity was similar to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic stocks, whereas batch fecundity values were lower compared to other fishing grounds. Overall, the analysis of reproductive parameters plays a fundamental role in the sustainable management of this resource in an area as overfished as the Central-North Adriatic Sea.

ACS Style

Michela Candelma; Luca Marisaldi; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Giorgia Gioacchini; Alberto Santojanni; Sabrina Colella; Oliana Carnevali. Aspects of Reproductive Biology of the European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (GSA 17-Central Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 389 .

AMA Style

Michela Candelma, Luca Marisaldi, Daniela Bertotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Giorgia Gioacchini, Alberto Santojanni, Sabrina Colella, Oliana Carnevali. Aspects of Reproductive Biology of the European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (GSA 17-Central Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michela Candelma; Luca Marisaldi; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Giorgia Gioacchini; Alberto Santojanni; Sabrina Colella; Oliana Carnevali. 2021. "Aspects of Reproductive Biology of the European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (GSA 17-Central Mediterranean Sea)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4: 389.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Animals
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The present study aimed to investigate the acute response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles exposed to temperature, salinity and ammonia stress. Radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate cortisol levels, whereas insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2), myostatin (mstn), heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr) gene expression was assessed trough Real-Time PCR. The presence and localization of IGF-I and HSP70 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In all the stress conditions, a significant increase in cortisol levels was observed reaching higher values in the thermic and chemical stress groups. Regarding fish growth markers, igf1 gene expression was significantly higher only in fish subjected to heat shock stress while, at 60 min, igf2 gene expression was significantly lower in all the stressed groups. Temperature and ammonia changes resulted in a higher mstn gene expression. Molecular analyses on stress response evidenced a time dependent increase in hsp70 gene expression, that was significantly higher at 60 min in fish exposed to heat shock and chemical stress. Furthermore, the same experimental groups were characterized by a significantly higher gr gene expression respect to the control one. Immunostaining for IGF-I and HSP70 antibodies was observed in skin, gills, liver, and digestive system of gilthead seabream juveniles.

ACS Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Martina Bortoletti; Ike Olivotto; Stefano Ratti; Carlo Poltronieri; Elena Negrato; Stefano Caberlotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study. Animals 2021, 11, 97 .

AMA Style

Matteo Zarantoniello, Martina Bortoletti, Ike Olivotto, Stefano Ratti, Carlo Poltronieri, Elena Negrato, Stefano Caberlotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto. Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Martina Bortoletti; Ike Olivotto; Stefano Ratti; Carlo Poltronieri; Elena Negrato; Stefano Caberlotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. 2021. "Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study." Animals 11, no. 1: 97.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2020 in Animals
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In the present study, a multidisciplinary approach was used in order to evaluate growth, muscle development, and stress status in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii larvae at schooling (T1) and complete yolk sac absorption (T2), reared at three stocking densities (low, medium, and high). Larvae growth, morphological muscle development, and whole-body cortisol levels were assessed. The expression of genes involved in the growth process (igf1 and igf2), in the myogenesis (myog), and in the regulation of cellular stress (glut1, glut2, glut4, and hsp70) was analyzed using a quantitative PCR. Larvae reared at lower densities showed a higher Specific Growth Rate and showed a physiological muscle development. Cortisol levels were low and did not differ significantly, both in different time sampling and across densities, suggesting that either the considered densities are not stressors in this species in the early stages of development or the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is not yet fully mature. Gene expression of glut1, igf1, and igf2 showed an up-regulation in both developmental stages at all the rearing densities considered, while myog significantly up-regulated at T1 at the highest density. Considering all of the results, it would seem that lower densities should be used in these stages of development, as these showed a higher growth rate, even if it is not economically feasible in commercial hatcheries. Therefore, choosing an intermediate stocking density could be a good compromise between larval performance and economical feasibility.

ACS Style

Lucia Aidos; Alessandra Cafiso; Valentina Serra; Mauro Vasconi; Daniela Bertotto; Chiara Bazzocchi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Alessia Di Giancamillo. How Different Stocking Densities Affect Growth and Stress Status of Acipenser baerii Early Stage Larvae. Animals 2020, 10, 1289 .

AMA Style

Lucia Aidos, Alessandra Cafiso, Valentina Serra, Mauro Vasconi, Daniela Bertotto, Chiara Bazzocchi, Giuseppe Radaelli, Alessia Di Giancamillo. How Different Stocking Densities Affect Growth and Stress Status of Acipenser baerii Early Stage Larvae. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Aidos; Alessandra Cafiso; Valentina Serra; Mauro Vasconi; Daniela Bertotto; Chiara Bazzocchi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Alessia Di Giancamillo. 2020. "How Different Stocking Densities Affect Growth and Stress Status of Acipenser baerii Early Stage Larvae." Animals 10, no. 8: 1289.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2020 in Animals
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In the present study European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) subjected to two different diets (organic vs. conventional) were evaluated in terms of growing performances, oxidative stress, and contaminant markers. Growing performances were evaluated using biometric measures and condition factor (K), whereas insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I and IGF-II) levels were assessed trough Real-Time PCR analysis. For oxidative stress, immunohistochemical staining for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) was performed, whereas total glutathione (GSH) in blood serum was determined by an enzymatic method adapted. Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) were evaluated as contaminant markers trough immunohistochemical and histochemical approaches, respectively. The growing performances showed a positive trend in both groups but a greater productivity in conventional fed fish compared to the organic ones. A significant higher expression of MMCs was observed in organic vs. conventional diet fed fish. Fillet analysis showed a higher MUFA content and a lower PUFAs n-6 content in organically fed sea bass indicating that diets with a content in fatty acids closer to that of wild fish will definitely affect the fatty acid profile of the fish flesh. On the other hand, the diet composition did not seem to affect neither the oxidative stress parameters (GSH, 8-OHdG, HNE) nor the CYP1A expression.

ACS Style

Antonio Carminato; Francesco Pascoli; Angela Trocino; Lisa Locatello; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Renato Palazzi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Cristina Ballarin; Martina Bortoletti; Daniela Bertotto. Productive Results, Oxidative Stress and Contaminant Markers in European Sea Bass: Conventional vs. Organic Feeding. Animals 2020, 10, 1226 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carminato, Francesco Pascoli, Angela Trocino, Lisa Locatello, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Renato Palazzi, Giuseppe Radaelli, Cristina Ballarin, Martina Bortoletti, Daniela Bertotto. Productive Results, Oxidative Stress and Contaminant Markers in European Sea Bass: Conventional vs. Organic Feeding. Animals. 2020; 10 (7):1226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carminato; Francesco Pascoli; Angela Trocino; Lisa Locatello; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Renato Palazzi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Cristina Ballarin; Martina Bortoletti; Daniela Bertotto. 2020. "Productive Results, Oxidative Stress and Contaminant Markers in European Sea Bass: Conventional vs. Organic Feeding." Animals 10, no. 7: 1226.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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Background The dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall extracts (YCW) has been found to reduce pathogenic bacteria load, promote immunoglobulin production, prevent diseases by pro-inflammatory responses, and alter gut microbiota composition. This study evaluated growth and slaughter results, health, gut morphology, immune status and gut transcriptome of 576 male chickens fed two diets, i.e. C (control) or Y (with 250–500 g/t of YCW fractions according to the growth period). At 21 and 42 d the jejunum of 12 chickens per diet were sampled and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for morphometric evaluation, with Alcian-PAS for goblet cells, and antibodies against CD3+ intraepithelial T-cells and CD45+ intraepithelial leukocytes. The jejunum sampled at 42 d were also used for whole-transcriptome profiling. Results Dietary YCW supplementation did not affect final live weight, whereas it decreased feed intake (114 to 111 g/d; P ≤ 0.10) and improved feed conversion (1.74 to 1.70; P ≤ 0.01). Regarding the gut, YCW supplementation tended to increase villi height (P = 0.07); it also increased the number of goblet cells and reduced the density of CD45+ cells compared to diet C (P < 0.001). In the gut transcriptome, four genes were expressed more in broilers fed diet Y compared to diet C, i.e. cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 23b (CYP2C23B), tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9 (TTC9), basic helix-loop-helix family member e41 (BHLHE41), and the metalloreductase STEAP4. Only one gene set (HES_PATHWAY) was significantly enriched among the transcripts more expressed in broilers fed diet Y. However, a total of 41 gene sets were significantly over-represented among genes up-regulated in control broilers. Notably, several enriched gene sets are implicated in immune functions and related to NF-κB signaling, apoptosis, and interferon signals. Conclusions The dietary YCW supplementation improved broiler growth performance, increased gut glycoconjugate secretion and reduced the inflammatory status together with differences in the gut transcriptome, which can be considered useful to improve animal welfare and health under the challenging conditions of intensive rearing systems in broiler chickens.

ACS Style

A. Pascual; Marianna Pauletto; M. Giantin; G. Radaelli; C. Ballarin; M. Birolo; C. Zomeño; M. Dacasto; Martina Bortoletti; M. Vascellari; G. Xiccato; A. Trocino. Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell wall extracts on performance and gut response in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020, 11, 1 -11.

AMA Style

A. Pascual, Marianna Pauletto, M. Giantin, G. Radaelli, C. Ballarin, M. Birolo, C. Zomeño, M. Dacasto, Martina Bortoletti, M. Vascellari, G. Xiccato, A. Trocino. Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell wall extracts on performance and gut response in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2020; 11 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Pascual; Marianna Pauletto; M. Giantin; G. Radaelli; C. Ballarin; M. Birolo; C. Zomeño; M. Dacasto; Martina Bortoletti; M. Vascellari; G. Xiccato; A. Trocino. 2020. "Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell wall extracts on performance and gut response in broiler chickens." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 11, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
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Flumequine was nano-immobilized by self-assembly on iron oxide nanoparticles, called surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs). The binding process was studied and the resulting core-shell nanocarrier ([email protected]) was structurally characterized evidencing a firmly immobilized organic canopy on which the fluorine atom of the antibiotic was exposed to the solvent. The antibiotic efficacy of the [email protected] nanocarrier was tested on a fish pathogenic bacterium (Aeromonas veronii), a flumequine sensitive strain, in comparison to soluble flumequine and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. Noteworthy, the MIC and MBC of soluble and nanoparticle bound drug were superimposable. Moreover, the interactions between [email protected] nanocarrrier and microorganism were studied by transmission electron microscopy evidencing the ability of the complex to disrupt the bacterial wall. Finally, a preliminary in vivo test was provided using Daphnia magna as animal model. [email protected] was able to protect the crustacean from the fatal consequences of a bacterial infection and showed no sign of toxicity. Thus, in contrast with the strength of the interaction, nano-immobilized FLU displayed a fully preserved antimicrobial activity suggesting the crucial role of fluorine in the drug mechanism of action. Besides the importance for potential applications in aquaculture, the present study contributes to the nascent field of nanoantibiotics.

ACS Style

Martina Bortoletti; Simone Molinari; Luca Fasolato; Juri Ugolotti; Roberta Tolosi; Andrea Venerando; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto; Marco De Liguoro; Gabriella Salviulo; Radek Zboril; Fabio Vianello; Massimiliano Magro. Nano-immobilized flumequine with preserved antibacterial efficacy. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2020, 191, 111019 .

AMA Style

Martina Bortoletti, Simone Molinari, Luca Fasolato, Juri Ugolotti, Roberta Tolosi, Andrea Venerando, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto, Marco De Liguoro, Gabriella Salviulo, Radek Zboril, Fabio Vianello, Massimiliano Magro. Nano-immobilized flumequine with preserved antibacterial efficacy. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2020; 191 ():111019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Bortoletti; Simone Molinari; Luca Fasolato; Juri Ugolotti; Roberta Tolosi; Andrea Venerando; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto; Marco De Liguoro; Gabriella Salviulo; Radek Zboril; Fabio Vianello; Massimiliano Magro. 2020. "Nano-immobilized flumequine with preserved antibacterial efficacy." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 191, no. : 111019.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2018 in Aquaculture Research
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Soy isoflavones (the phytoestrogens genistein, daidzein and glycitein) may act as estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary isoflavones on growth, reproduction and health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Rainbow trout fed three experimental diets containing different concentrations of isoflavones (0, 500 and 1,500 ppm). Growth, estrogenic activity, plasma estradiol levels, gonadal development, state of stress and histological changes in selected tissues were evaluated at the end of 70 days. Neither growth performance nor the relative mRNA levels of Insulin Growth Factor I (igf-I) in the liver were influenced by different levels of dietary isoflavones. Plasma and liver vitellogenin (VTG) protein levels and plasma 17-β-estradiol (E2) were unaffected by treatments, although the correlation between plasma levels of E2 and VTG densitometry values was significant (p < .05). The fish gonadosomatic index (GSI) did not significantly differ among the three experimental groups but correlated with plasma VTG densitometry values (p < .05). Plasma, muscle and fin cortisol concentrations fell within the normal welfare range and were not correlated with isoflavone levels. Histologically, the distal intestine showed a normal morphology with well-differentiated enterocytes and in the liver hepatocytes were also normal. A supranuclear accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes and some lipid droplets in hepatocytes were observed in all tested groups, suggesting an impact of basal dietary lipid on transport/metabolism of fat in the fish. Overall, the present results suggest that the doses of isoflavones tested do not compromise rainbow trout reproduction, growth and health.

ACS Style

Maria Rita Pastore; Elena Negrato; Carlo Poltronieri; Giuseppe Barion; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Cristina Ballarin; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. Effects of dietary soy isoflavones on estrogenic activity, cortisol level, health and growth in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Research 2018, 49, 1469 -1479.

AMA Style

Maria Rita Pastore, Elena Negrato, Carlo Poltronieri, Giuseppe Barion, Maria Messina, Francesca Tulli, Cristina Ballarin, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto. Effects of dietary soy isoflavones on estrogenic activity, cortisol level, health and growth in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Research. 2018; 49 (4):1469-1479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Rita Pastore; Elena Negrato; Carlo Poltronieri; Giuseppe Barion; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Cristina Ballarin; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. 2018. "Effects of dietary soy isoflavones on estrogenic activity, cortisol level, health and growth in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Aquaculture Research 49, no. 4: 1469-1479.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Zebrafish
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Recently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the aquaculture sector has raised public concern because of possible toxic effects, development of bacterial resistance, and accumulation of residues in individual tissues. Even if several countries have developed regulations about their use, it is clear that long-term growth of the aquaculture industry requires both ecologically sound practices and sustainable resource management. Alternative strategies for better management of antibiotic administration are of primary interest to improve absorption rates and, as a consequence, to reduce their release into the aquatic environment. The present study investigates, for the first time to our knowledge, a new methodology for oxytetracycline (OTC) administration through the use of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (made of maghemite γ-Fe2O3) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were divided into 4 experimental groups: control; group A exposed to 4 mg/L OTC (through water); group B exposed to the 100 mg/L [email protected] complex (equivalent to 4 mg/L OTC), and group C exposed to bare NPs. No detoxification processes or anatomical alterations were observed in fish exposed to bare NPs. Exposure of fish to the [email protected] complex resulted in a 10 times higher OTC accumulation with respect to using water exposure. This new OTC administration method seems much more efficient with respect to the traditional way of exposure and has the potentiality to reduce antibiotic utilization and possible environmental impacts. However, the dynamics related to OTC release from the [email protected] complex are still not clear and need further investigations.

ACS Style

Giulia Chemello; Chiara Piccinetti; Basilio Randazzo; Oliana Carnevali; Francesca Maradonna; Massimiliano Magro; Emanuela Bonaiuto; Fabio Vianello; Giuseppe Radaelli; Anna Paola Fifi; Federica Gigliotti; Ike Olivotto. Oxytetracycline Delivery in Adult Female Zebrafish by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Zebrafish 2016, 13, 495 -503.

AMA Style

Giulia Chemello, Chiara Piccinetti, Basilio Randazzo, Oliana Carnevali, Francesca Maradonna, Massimiliano Magro, Emanuela Bonaiuto, Fabio Vianello, Giuseppe Radaelli, Anna Paola Fifi, Federica Gigliotti, Ike Olivotto. Oxytetracycline Delivery in Adult Female Zebrafish by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Zebrafish. 2016; 13 (6):495-503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Chemello; Chiara Piccinetti; Basilio Randazzo; Oliana Carnevali; Francesca Maradonna; Massimiliano Magro; Emanuela Bonaiuto; Fabio Vianello; Giuseppe Radaelli; Anna Paola Fifi; Federica Gigliotti; Ike Olivotto. 2016. "Oxytetracycline Delivery in Adult Female Zebrafish by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Zebrafish 13, no. 6: 495-503.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2016 in Aquaculture Research
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Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is a specialized cleaner fish used in salmon farms as a biological treatment against sea lice. Its commercial rearing is at present mostly experimental. A number of key aspects, including the molecular and physiological mechanisms that promote its growth and development, are still largely unexplored. In this study histological, biometric, biochemical and molecular approaches are combined for the first time to investigate the changes in growth (insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 and myostatin) and stress (heat shock protein 70 and cortisol) markers that occur during ballan wrasse larval development by relating them to larval stages and feed changes. The real-time PCR data demonstrated that igf1 transcripts rose from 1 day post-hatching (dph) and were no longer detectable 38 dph, whereas igf2 and myostatin transcripts were low and stable until 28 dph, then rose in late larval stages. The biometric and histological data matched the molecular findings, documenting rapid growth and development of the larval digestive tract and assimilation ability. Cortisol was lowest at hatching, it rose slightly at first feeding, and then increased during larval development; a similar trend was detected for hsp70 gene expression. The low cortisol levels found at the earliest larval stages reflect a poor stress-coping ability, a feature that may actually protect larvae from the elevated metabolic demands involved by stress responses and promote faster growth and survival. The present data can be applied to improve the rearing performances of this important cleaner species and reduce captures from the wild.

ACS Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti; Lorenzo Grasso; Francesca Maradonna; Giuseppe Radaelli; Cristina Ballarin; Giulia Chemello; Jan Ove Evjemo; Oliana Carnevali; Ike Olivotto. Growth and stress factors in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) larval development. Aquaculture Research 2016, 48, 2567 -2580.

AMA Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti, Lorenzo Grasso, Francesca Maradonna, Giuseppe Radaelli, Cristina Ballarin, Giulia Chemello, Jan Ove Evjemo, Oliana Carnevali, Ike Olivotto. Growth and stress factors in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) larval development. Aquaculture Research. 2016; 48 (5):2567-2580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti; Lorenzo Grasso; Francesca Maradonna; Giuseppe Radaelli; Cristina Ballarin; Giulia Chemello; Jan Ove Evjemo; Oliana Carnevali; Ike Olivotto. 2016. "Growth and stress factors in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) larval development." Aquaculture Research 48, no. 5: 2567-2580.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Livestock Science
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ACS Style

M. Tazzoli; A. Trocino; M. Birolo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Gerolamo Xiccato. Optimizing feed efficiency and nitrogen excretion in growing rabbits by increasing dietary energy with high-starch, high-soluble fibre, low-insoluble fibre supply at low protein levels. Livestock Science 2015, 172, 59 -68.

AMA Style

M. Tazzoli, A. Trocino, M. Birolo, Giuseppe Radaelli, Gerolamo Xiccato. Optimizing feed efficiency and nitrogen excretion in growing rabbits by increasing dietary energy with high-starch, high-soluble fibre, low-insoluble fibre supply at low protein levels. Livestock Science. 2015; 172 ():59-68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Tazzoli; A. Trocino; M. Birolo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Gerolamo Xiccato. 2015. "Optimizing feed efficiency and nitrogen excretion in growing rabbits by increasing dietary energy with high-starch, high-soluble fibre, low-insoluble fibre supply at low protein levels." Livestock Science 172, no. : 59-68.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2014 in Zebrafish
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The increasing use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical applications has prompted extensive investigation of their interactions with biological systems also through animal models. A variety of toxic effects have been detected in NP-exposed fish and fish embryos, including oxidative stress and associated changes, such as lipid oxidation, apoptosis, and gene expression alterations. The main exposure route for fish is through food and the food web. This study was devised to investigate the effects of silica-coated NP administration through food in zebrafish (ZF, Danio rerio). Silica-coated magnetic NPs were administered to ZF through feed (zooplankton) from day 1 to 15 posthatching (ph). Larvae were examined 6 and 15 days ph and adults 3 and 6 months ph. A multidisciplinary approach, including morphometric examination; light, transmission electron, and confocal microscopy; inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry; and real-time polymerase chain reaction, was applied to detect NP accumulation, structural and ultrastructural damage, and activation of detoxification processes in larvae and adults. Our findings document that the silica-coated NPs: (1) do not induce toxicity in ZF, (2) are excreted through feces, and (3) do not activate detoxification processes or promote tissue/cell injury.

ACS Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti; Costanza Montis; Massimo Bonini; Rosaria Laurà; Maria Cristina Guerrera; Giuseppe Radaelli; Fabio Vianello; Vincenzo Santinelli; Francesca Maradonna; Valentina Nozzi; Andrea Miccoli; Ike Olivotto. Transfer of Silica-Coated Magnetic (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Through Food: A Molecular and Morphological Study in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2014, 11, 567 -579.

AMA Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti, Costanza Montis, Massimo Bonini, Rosaria Laurà, Maria Cristina Guerrera, Giuseppe Radaelli, Fabio Vianello, Vincenzo Santinelli, Francesca Maradonna, Valentina Nozzi, Andrea Miccoli, Ike Olivotto. Transfer of Silica-Coated Magnetic (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Through Food: A Molecular and Morphological Study in Zebrafish. Zebrafish. 2014; 11 (6):567-579.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti; Costanza Montis; Massimo Bonini; Rosaria Laurà; Maria Cristina Guerrera; Giuseppe Radaelli; Fabio Vianello; Vincenzo Santinelli; Francesca Maradonna; Valentina Nozzi; Andrea Miccoli; Ike Olivotto. 2014. "Transfer of Silica-Coated Magnetic (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Through Food: A Molecular and Morphological Study in Zebrafish." Zebrafish 11, no. 6: 567-579.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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Benzo(a)pyrene is an important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) commonly present in the marine environment and responsible for carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects in various animal species. In the present study, we investigated by both histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches the effect of an acute exposure to different concentrations of B(a)P in the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum. The general morphology of the different clam tissues, which was investigated histologically, evidenced a significant increase in the number of intestinal brown cells after B(a)P exposure. An increasing trend response to B(a)P was detected. The histochemical analysis for lipofuscin revealed the presence of lipofuscin-like substances inside the cytoplasm of intestinal brown cells. The same cells exhibited a PAS positivity and a reactivity to Schmorl's solution for melanin pigment. Moreover, intestinal brown cells exhibited an immunopositivity to HSP70 antibody confirming the increasing trend response to B(a)P detected by the histochemical analysis. Our results suggest that histological tissue changes resulting from exposure to B(a)P can be an useful marker in biomonitoring studies.

ACS Style

Michele Boscolo Papo; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Pascoli; Lisa Locatello; Marta Vascellari; Carlo Poltronieri; Francesco Quaglio; Giuseppe Radaelli. Induction of brown cells in Venerupis philippinarum exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2014, 40, 233 -238.

AMA Style

Michele Boscolo Papo, Daniela Bertotto, Francesco Pascoli, Lisa Locatello, Marta Vascellari, Carlo Poltronieri, Francesco Quaglio, Giuseppe Radaelli. Induction of brown cells in Venerupis philippinarum exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2014; 40 (1):233-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Boscolo Papo; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Pascoli; Lisa Locatello; Marta Vascellari; Carlo Poltronieri; Francesco Quaglio; Giuseppe Radaelli. 2014. "Induction of brown cells in Venerupis philippinarum exposed to benzo(a)pyrene." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 40, no. 1: 233-238.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
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Bivalve molluscs, such as Venerupis philippinarum, are often used as bioindicators of environmental pollution since they can bioaccumulate a large variety of pollutants because of their filter feeding. The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) is an important contaminant, commonly present in the marine environment. Pollutants are generally metabolized by enzymes of phase I, mainly CYPs enzymes, and by conjugation enzymes of phase II like GST. In this study, we investigated by Real Time PCR the expression of CYP4 and GSTr (GST class rho) in the digestive gland of V. philippinarum exposed to different concentrations of B(a)P for 24 h and after a 24 h depuration period. Accumulation of B(a)P by clams has been confirmed by the HPLC-FLD analyses. Moreover, HPLC-FLD analyses evidenced that after depuration, B(a)P concentrations decreased in animals subjected to 0.03 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l exposures but did not decrease in animals subjected to 1 mg/l exposure. B(a)P exposure and depuration did not cause histopathological lesions in the different organs. The analysis of GSTr expression in the digestive gland showed a significant increase in mRNA in animals subjected to 1 mg/l exposure, whereas the analysis of CYP4 expression did not evidence differences among treatments. Moreover, the expression of both genes did not exhibit any differences after the purification treatment. The results demonstrate that B(a)P significantly affects the expression of GSTr mRNA in the digestive gland of V. philippinarum and suggest that GSTr gene could play an important role in the biotransformation of B(a)P

ACS Style

Michele Boscolo Papo; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Pascoli; Elena Negrato; Carlo Poltronieri; Giovanni Binato; Albino Gallina; Giuseppe Radaelli. Expression of CYP4 and GSTr genes in Venerupis philippinarum exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 2014, 196, 241 -246.

AMA Style

Michele Boscolo Papo, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Daniela Bertotto, Francesco Pascoli, Elena Negrato, Carlo Poltronieri, Giovanni Binato, Albino Gallina, Giuseppe Radaelli. Expression of CYP4 and GSTr genes in Venerupis philippinarum exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 2014; 196 (4):241-246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Boscolo Papo; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Pascoli; Elena Negrato; Carlo Poltronieri; Giovanni Binato; Albino Gallina; Giuseppe Radaelli. 2014. "Expression of CYP4 and GSTr genes in Venerupis philippinarum exposed to benzo(a)pyrene." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 196, no. 4: 241-246.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the histomorphology and the stress response in the bivalve Venerupis philippinarum sampled in four differently polluted sites of the Venice Lagoon (Palude del Monte, Marghera, Ca' Roman and Val di Brenta). This species is often used as bioindicator of environmental pollution since it can bioaccumulate a large variety of pollutants because of its filter feeding. Chemical analyses for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed on whole soft tissues of V. philippinarum. The histological evaluation of clams revealed the presence of Perkinsus sp. infection in animals from all sites, although a very high prevalence of parasites was evidenced in clams from Ca' Roman. Perkinsus sp. were systemically distributed in the mantle, in the intestine and digestive gland, in gonads and gills. The trophozoites of Perkinsus sp. were found isolated or in cluster surrounded by a heavy hemocitical response. Haemocytes always exhibited an immunopositivity to cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and nitrotyrosine (NT) antibodies. The digestive gland of animals from Palude del Monte showed the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, whereas clams from Ca' Roman exhibited the highest quantity of metallothioneins

ACS Style

Michele Boscolo Papo; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Quaglio; Marta Vascellari; Francesco Pascoli; Elena Negrato; Giovanni Binato; Giuseppe Radaelli. Histopathology and stress biomarkers in the clam Venerupis philippinarum from the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2014, 39, 42 -50.

AMA Style

Michele Boscolo Papo, Daniela Bertotto, Francesco Quaglio, Marta Vascellari, Francesco Pascoli, Elena Negrato, Giovanni Binato, Giuseppe Radaelli. Histopathology and stress biomarkers in the clam Venerupis philippinarum from the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2014; 39 (1):42-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Boscolo Papo; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Quaglio; Marta Vascellari; Francesco Pascoli; Elena Negrato; Giovanni Binato; Giuseppe Radaelli. 2014. "Histopathology and stress biomarkers in the clam Venerupis philippinarum from the Venice Lagoon (Italy)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 39, no. 1: 42-50.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2014 in Aquaculture Research
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In the view of an urgent necessity to improve the quantity and the quality of farmed fish species, there is a strong need to improve our basic knowledge on the effects of first feeding during the developmental stages of fish larvae. High mortality, mainly due to food deprivation or inappropriate food quality, has been observed in many larval fish species, but knowledge about the morphological, biochemical and molecular processes related to this topic is still poorly understood. The understanding of the early larval ontogeny as well as the larval nutritional requirements and the molecular and cellular mechanisms elicited by fish larvae during food deprivation and starvation are thus of primary importance. At this regard, this study investigates, in Dover sole larvae, the effects of starvation and starving/re-feeding procedures at a morphological, histological, biochemical and molecular level. The results evidenced that starved larvae progressively decrease in growth, lipid content, affected their gastrointestinal tract and muscle development and increased cortisol and heat shock protein 70 levels. On the contrary, starved and re-fed larvae showed, after the restoration of a favourable feeding condition, a compensatory growth. In conclusion, this is the first study analysing through a multidisciplinary approach the effects of food deprivation on the development of an important economic species, the Dover sole

ACS Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti; Marco Donati; Giuseppe Radaelli; Giovanni Caporale; Gilberto Mosconi; Francesco Alessandro Palermo; Lina Cossignani; Roberto Salvatori; Rocio Penuela Lopez; Ike Olivotto. The effects of starving and feeding on Dover sole (Solea solea, Soleidae, Linnaeus, 1758) stress response and early larval development. Aquaculture Research 2014, 46, 2512 -2526.

AMA Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti, Marco Donati, Giuseppe Radaelli, Giovanni Caporale, Gilberto Mosconi, Francesco Alessandro Palermo, Lina Cossignani, Roberto Salvatori, Rocio Penuela Lopez, Ike Olivotto. The effects of starving and feeding on Dover sole (Solea solea, Soleidae, Linnaeus, 1758) stress response and early larval development. Aquaculture Research. 2014; 46 (10):2512-2526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Carla Piccinetti; Marco Donati; Giuseppe Radaelli; Giovanni Caporale; Gilberto Mosconi; Francesco Alessandro Palermo; Lina Cossignani; Roberto Salvatori; Rocio Penuela Lopez; Ike Olivotto. 2014. "The effects of starving and feeding on Dover sole (Solea solea, Soleidae, Linnaeus, 1758) stress response and early larval development." Aquaculture Research 46, no. 10: 2512-2526.

Research article
Published: 17 December 2013 in PLOS ONE
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A growing number of studies have been showing that dietary probiotics can exert beneficial health effects in both humans and animals. We previously demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus - a component of the human gut microflora - enhances reproduction, larval development, and the biomineralization process in Danio rerio (zebrafish). The aim of this study was to identify the pathways affected by L. rhamnosus during zebrafish larval development. Our morphological and histochemical findings show that L. rhamnosus accelerates bone deposition through stimulation of the expression of key genes involved in ossification, e.g. runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2), Sp7 transcription factor (sp7), matrix Gla protein (mgp), and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein (bglap) as well as through inhibition of sclerostin (sost), a bone formation inhibitor. Western blot analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 3-(Mapk1 and Mapk3), which are involved in osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation, documented an increase in Mapk1 16 days post fertilization (dpf) and of Mapk3 23 dpf in individuals receiving L. rhamnosus supplementation. Interestingly, a reduction of sost detected in the same individuals suggests that the probiotic may help treat bone disorders.

ACS Style

Francesca Maradonna; Giorgia Gioacchini; Silvia Falcinelli; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Ike Olivotto; Oliana Carnevali. Probiotic Supplementation Promotes Calcification in Danio rerio Larvae: A Molecular Study. PLOS ONE 2013, 8, e83155 .

AMA Style

Francesca Maradonna, Giorgia Gioacchini, Silvia Falcinelli, Daniela Bertotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Ike Olivotto, Oliana Carnevali. Probiotic Supplementation Promotes Calcification in Danio rerio Larvae: A Molecular Study. PLOS ONE. 2013; 8 (12):e83155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Maradonna; Giorgia Gioacchini; Silvia Falcinelli; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Ike Olivotto; Oliana Carnevali. 2013. "Probiotic Supplementation Promotes Calcification in Danio rerio Larvae: A Molecular Study." PLOS ONE 8, no. 12: e83155.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2013 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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A. Trocino; M. Fragkiadakis; D. Majolini; M. Tazzoli; Giuseppe Radaelli; Gerolamo Xiccato. Soluble fibre, starch and protein level in diets for growing rabbits: Effects on digestive efficiency and productive traits. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2013, 180, 73 -82.

AMA Style

A. Trocino, M. Fragkiadakis, D. Majolini, M. Tazzoli, Giuseppe Radaelli, Gerolamo Xiccato. Soluble fibre, starch and protein level in diets for growing rabbits: Effects on digestive efficiency and productive traits. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2013; 180 (1):73-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Trocino; M. Fragkiadakis; D. Majolini; M. Tazzoli; Giuseppe Radaelli; Gerolamo Xiccato. 2013. "Soluble fibre, starch and protein level in diets for growing rabbits: Effects on digestive efficiency and productive traits." Animal Feed Science and Technology 180, no. 1: 73-82.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2013 in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-ß superfamily, known as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth in mammals. In contrast to mammals, fish possess at least two paralogs of MSTN: MSTN-1 and MSTN-2. Here we describe the cloning and sequence analysis of spliced and precursor (unspliced) transcripts as well as the 5' flanking region of MSTN-2 from the marine fish Umbrina cirrosa (ucMSTN-2). In silico analysis revealed numerous putative cis regulatory elements including several E-boxes known as binding sites to myogenic transcription factors. Transient transfection experiments using non-muscle and muscle cell lines showed high transcriptional activity in muscle cells and in differentiated neural cells, in accordance with our previous findings in MSTN-2 promoter from Sparus aurata. Comparative informatics analysis of MSTN-2 from several fish species revealed high conservation of the predicted amino acid sequence as well as the gene structure (exon length) although intron length varied between species. The proximal promoter of MSTN-2 gene was found to be conserved among Perciforms. In conclusion, this study reinforces our conclusion that MSTN-2 promoter is a very strong promoter, especially in muscle cells. In addition, we show that the MSTN-2 gene structure is highly conserved among fishes as is the predicted amino acid sequence of the peptide.

ACS Style

Elisabeth Nadjar-Boger; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Bruria Funkenstein. Genomic cloning and promoter functional analysis of myostatin-2 in shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa: Conservation of muscle-specific promoter activity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2013, 164, 99 -110.

AMA Style

Elisabeth Nadjar-Boger, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Giuseppe Radaelli, Bruria Funkenstein. Genomic cloning and promoter functional analysis of myostatin-2 in shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa: Conservation of muscle-specific promoter activity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2013; 164 (2):99-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabeth Nadjar-Boger; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Bruria Funkenstein. 2013. "Genomic cloning and promoter functional analysis of myostatin-2 in shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa: Conservation of muscle-specific promoter activity." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 164, no. 2: 99-110.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2013 in European Journal of Histochemistry
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The aim of the present work was to evaluate the expression of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) in the benthic fish Zosterisessor ophiocephalus collected in two differently polluted sites of the Venetian lagoon (Porto Marghera and Caroman). We compared our data on 8-OHdG with those of CYP1A (Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), which is a well known biomarker for detoxification of contaminants. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody to 8-OHdG showed immunopositivity in nuclei of hepatocytes as well as in melanomacrophage centres of spleen and kidney, whereas an anti-CYP1A antibody exhibited positive immunostaining in the liver, kidney and ovary. The liver of males showed higher expression of both proteins than females. In animals from Porto Marghera site, the enzymatic assay for 8-OHdG exhibited higher levels in liver of males than in females. Western Blot analysis using the antibody anti-CYP1A recognized the presence of a band of about 60 kDa in the liver of males and females. Males exhibited a strong band, whereas in females the band showed a lower intensity. By using Real-Time PCR, the mRNA expression of CYP1A did not show any differences between males and females from each site, but it was at borderline significance level. Comparing the two sites, mRNA expression of CYP1A was significantly higher in the liver of both males and females from Porto Marghera than that of Caroman. The present data suggest that pollutants are bio-available as demonstrated by our biomarker analyses and may have a harmful effect on aquatic organisms such as Z. ophiocephalus. We report that the highest levels of hepatic 8-OHdG and CYP1A expression were detected in males, showing clear gender specificity.

ACS Style

E. Negrato; M. Vascellari; F. Capolongo; G. Binato; L. Da Dalt; M. Boscolo Papo; Giorgia Gioacchini; Oliana Carnevali; Daniela Bertotto; G. Radaelli; Francesco Pascoli. Expression of 8-OHdG in Zosterisessor ophiocephalus from the Venetian lagoon, Italy. European Journal of Histochemistry 2013, 57, e8 .

AMA Style

E. Negrato, M. Vascellari, F. Capolongo, G. Binato, L. Da Dalt, M. Boscolo Papo, Giorgia Gioacchini, Oliana Carnevali, Daniela Bertotto, G. Radaelli, Francesco Pascoli. Expression of 8-OHdG in Zosterisessor ophiocephalus from the Venetian lagoon, Italy. European Journal of Histochemistry. 2013; 57 (1):e8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Negrato; M. Vascellari; F. Capolongo; G. Binato; L. Da Dalt; M. Boscolo Papo; Giorgia Gioacchini; Oliana Carnevali; Daniela Bertotto; G. Radaelli; Francesco Pascoli. 2013. "Expression of 8-OHdG in Zosterisessor ophiocephalus from the Venetian lagoon, Italy." European Journal of Histochemistry 57, no. 1: e8.