The growing importance of aquaculture products for human health also raises the question of product sustainability and decreasing its costs. Insects are considered as novel feed ingredients and source of proteins. In this study, a twelve-week feeding trial with replacement of 25% fishmeal by a mixture of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and superworm (Zophobas morio) in the fish feed was conducted with perch (Perca fluviatilis). There were no significant differences in this feeding trial, regarding survival, but decreased fish growth and increased feed conversion between the control and the experimental fed groups. Hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP1A and CYP3A-like) activity and fatty acid (FA) composition were assessed in perch also. No significant effects were observed on cytochrome P450 activity associated with presence of toxic compounds in fish. Feeding with insect pellets resulted in significant increasing of linoleic FA and an increase of the total content of n-6 FA in fish fillets, compared to the fish fillets from control group. However, changes in FA composition were only minor and did not affect the nutritional value of the fish with insect-based diet for human consumption. Further evaluation should be conducted with different ratios or different insect species.

The negatively charged lipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) constitutes up to 10% of total lipids in photosynthetic membranes and its deprivation in cyanobacteria is accompanied by chlorophyll (Chl) depletion. Indeed, radioactive labeling of the PG depleted ΔpgsA mutant of Synechocystis 6803, which is not able to synthesize PG, proved inhibition of Chl biosynthesis due to restriction on the formation of 5-aminolevulinic acid and protochlorophyllide. Although the mutant accumulated chlorophyllide, the last Chl precursor, we demonstrated that it originated from dephytylation of existing Chl and not from the block in the Chl biosynthesis. The lack of de novo produced Chl under PG depletion was accompanied by a significantly weakened biosynthesis of both monomeric and trimeric photosystem I (PSI) complexes, though the decrease in cellular content was manifested only for the trimeric form. However, our analysis of ΔpgsA mutant, which lacked trimeric PSI due to the absence of the PsaL subunit, suggested that the virtually stability of monomeric PSI is a result of disintegration of PSI trimers. Interestingly, the loss of trimeric PSI was accompanied by accumulation of monomeric PSI associated with the newly synthesized CP43 subunit of Photosystem II. We conclude that the absence of PG results in the inhibition of Chl biosynthetic pathway, which impairs synthesis of PSI despite the accumulation of chlorophyllide released from the degraded Chl-proteins. Based on the knowledge about the role of PG in prokaryotes we hypothesize that the synthesis of Chl and PSI complexes are co-located in a membrane microdomain requiring PG for integrity.

The lipid composition of E. gracilis plastid envelopes suggests that the two innermost membranes are rich in glycosyldiacylglycerols, indicating their similarit

DNA damage during early life stages may have a negative effect on embryo development, inducing mortality and malformations that have long-lasting effects during adult life. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed the effect of DNA damage induced by genotoxicants (camptothecin (CPT) and olaparib) at different stages of embryo development. The survival, DNA fragmentation, transcriptome, and proteome of the endangered sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus were analyzed. Sturgeons are non-model fish species that can provide new insights into the DNA damage response and embryo development. The transcriptomic and proteomic patterns changed significantly after exposure to genotoxicants in a stage-dependent manner. The results of this study indicate a correlation between phenotype formation and changes in transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. CPT and olaparib downregulated oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic pathways, and upregulated pathways involved in nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination. We observed the upregulated expression of zona pellucida sperm-binding proteins in all treatment groups, as well as the upregulation of several glycolytic enzymes. The analysis of gene expression revealed several markers of DNA damage response and adaptive stress response, which could be applied in toxicological studies on fish embryos. This study is the first complex analysis of the DNA damage response in endangered sturgeons.

This study aimed to introduce minced common carp (Cyprinus caprio L.) meat as a nutritional valuable by-product from carp filleting. This research was focused on fatty acid composition and considered its sensitivity to oxidation during frozen storage (−20°C). Additionally, copper chloride was used to magnify possible oxidation reactions. A better understanding of minced carp meat quality and deterioration during frozen storage could help to promote the usage of this underestimated by-product. The utilization of this by-product for human consumption could be a useful way to increase the carp aquaculture economy and sustainability. The fatty acid profile showed a favorable content of essential fatty acids, as well as a beneficial ratio of ω-3/ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, during 4 months of frozen storage (−20°C), no significant changes were detected in fatty acid composition. Negligible changes were observed in the oxidation of lipids and proteins. The nutritional value and storage stability of minced carp meat was shown.