Robust estimation procedures make it possible to reduce the leverage of outliers on the measurement results. Application of the least median of squares (LMS) method to determine the calibration curves of measuring instruments involves the need to evaluate the obtained results. This paper proposes the method of estimating the variance of the LMS regression coefficients, which allows the evaluation of the quality of the set regression coefficients. The concept of an a priori estimation consists in performing an estimation before the measurement experiment. The a posteriori estimation uses the data from the previously conducted measurement experiment, thus making it possible to obtain much more accurate results compared with the a priori method. Simulation tests were carried out in order to compare the estimation results with the ones obtained in the course of the simulated experiment. The obtained results confirm that the proposed concepts are correct.

This paper presents a method for human detection using a laser scanner with vision or infrared images. Mobile applications require reliable and efficient methods for human detection, especially as a part of driver assistance systems, including pedestrian collision systems. The authors propose an efficient method for multimodal human detection based on a combination of the features and context information. Strictly, the human is detected in the vision/infrared images using a combination of local binary patterns and histogram of oriented gradients features with a neural network in a cascade manner. Next, using coordinates of detected humans from the vision system, the moving trajectory is predicted until the scanner working distance is reached by the individual human. Then the segmentation of data from the laser scanner is further carried out with respect to the predicted trajectory. Finally, human detection in the laser scanner working distance is performed based on modelling of the human legs. The modelling is based on the adaptive breakpoint detection algorithm and proposed improved polylines definition and fitting algorithm. The authors conducted a set of experiments in predefined scenarios, discussed the identified weakness and advantages of the proposed method, and outlined detailed future work, especially for night-time and low-light conditions.

This paper deals with the evaluation of the combustion intensity of coal particles on the basis of measurement data (UV radiation) from a scanning point photodiode. UV radiation is measured using a custom UV scanner at different distances from the burner in the vertical combustion chamber. The designed scanner uses a sensitive silicon carbide (SiC) photodiode, and its dynamical properties are investigated in the present work. Subsequently, experiments are performed for coal particles at different combustion temperatures and at different measuring locations of the scanner. The measurement data are processed in the frequency domain using the proposed algorithm, and two indicators for evaluating the combustion intensity are proposed. The obtained results show that the proposed indicators provide unequivocal information about the combustion intensity as a function of the combustion temperature.

The paper addresses the problem of algorithm synthesis for controlling the motion of an electric powered wheelchair. The aim of the algorithm is to stabilize the wheelchair following a linear path and avoiding obstacles if occurred on its way. The main restriction imposed on the project is the application of simple low-cost sensors. That implies the system to cope with a number of inaccuracies and uncertainties related to the measurements. The goal of this work is to evaluate the possibility of the wheelchair project with a navigation system which aids a disable person to move in a complex and dynamic areas. Exemplary simulations are presented in order to discuss the results obtained

This paper presents the results of the study of influence of ambient temperature on the measurements of 3-axis linear acceleration sensors and gyroscopes used in IMU modules. The study was conducted using a climatic chamber, in which the six IMU modules were tested. Conducted tests covered a range of temperatures from -10 C to +60 C. The effect of ambient temperature on the values of zeros and gains of tested sensors was examined.