Burnout can be defined as an occupational syndrome resulting from poorly managed chronic workplace stress. It is characterized by three dimensions: feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; and reduced professional efficacy. Teachers are among the human service professionals particularly vulnerable to occupational burnout. Teaching is a highly demanding and challenging task, in that requires constant confrontation with different stakeholders (students and their parents, administrators). Among teachers, physical education teachers have been particularly understudied even though a recently published systematic review has found that they are exposed to high levels of stress. To better explore burnout syndrome among physical education teachers, the present systematic review was undertaken, searching up to six languages. Fifty-six studies were included in the present review. The reported rate of high emotional exhaustion ranged from 11.52 to 60.6%, according to the single study. Pooling together 12 studies and totaling 2,153 physical education teachers, the prevalence rate of high emotional exhaustion was computed to be 28.6 [95% CI 21.9–35.8]. The reported rate of high depersonalization ranged from 3.6 to 45.2%, according to the single study. Pooling together 11 studies and totaling 2,113 physical education teachers, the prevalence rate of high depersonalization was computed to be 14.5% [95% CI 8.0–22.4]. The reported rate of low personal accomplishment ranged from 13.63 to 55.6%, according to the single study. Pooling together 12 studies and totaling 2,153 physical education teachers, the prevalence rate of low personal accomplishment was computed to be 29.5% [95% CI 23.8–35.4]. The reported rate of overall burnout ranged from 10.0 to 51.6%, according to the single study. Pooling together 7 studies and totaling 1,101 physical education teachers, the prevalence rate of overall burnout was computed to be 23.9% [95% CI 13.6–36.0]. No evidence of publication bias could be found, both visually inspecting the funnel plot and conducting the Egger's linear regression test. Burnout imposes a significant burden among physical education teachers. Based on the information contained in the present systematic review and meta-analysis, tailored interventions could be designed to mitigate such a burden. However, due to the limitations of the studies included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis, further research in the field is urgently warranted.Systematic Review Registration:https://osf.io/69ryu/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/69RYU.

Objective: Research in sports medicine and exercise science has experienced significant growth over recent years. With this expansion, there has been a concomitant rise in ethical challenges specific to these disciplines. While various ethical guidelines exist for numerous scientific fields, a comprehensive set tailored specifically for sports medicine and exercise science is lacking. Aiming to bridge this gap, this paper proposes a comprehensive, updated set of ethical guidelines specifically targeted at researchers in sports medicine and exercise science, providing them with a thorough framework to ensure research integrity. Methods: A collaborative approach was adopted, involving contributions from a diverse group of international experts in the field. A thorough review of existing ethical guidelines was conducted, followed by the identification and detailed examination of 15 specific ethical topics relevant to the discipline. Each topic was discussed in terms of its definition, consequences, and preventive measures. Results: The research in sports medicine and exercise science has grown significantly, bringing to the fore ethical challenges unique to these disciplines. Our comprehensive review identifies 15 key ethical challenges: plagiarism, data falsification, role of artificial intelligence chatbots in academic writing, overstating results, excessive/strategic self-citation, duplicate publications, non-disclosure of conflicts of interest, image manipulation, misuse of peer review, ghost and gift authorship, inadequate data retention, data fabrication, falsification of IRB approvals, lack of informed consent, and unethical human or animal experimentation. For each identified challenge, we propose practical solutions and best practices, enriched by the diverse perspectives of our collaborative international expert panel. This endeavor aims to offer a foundational set of ethical guidelines tailored to the nuanced needs of sports medicine and exercise science, ensuring research integrity and promoting ethical responsibility across these vital fields. Conclusion: This article represents a seminal contribution to the establishment of essential ethical guidelines specifically designed for the fields of sports medicine and exercise science. This article charts a clear course for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers by integrating these ethical principles at the heart of our scholarly and clinical activities. Consequently, it envisions a future where the principles of research integrity and ethical responsibility consistently inform every scientific discovery and every clinical engagement.

Effective communication of scientific knowledge plays a crucial role in the advancement of medical research and health care. Technological advancements have introduced large language models such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), powered by artificial intelligence (AI), which has already shown promise in revolutionizing medical writing. This study aimed to conduct a detailed evaluation of ChatGPT-3.5’s role in enhancing various aspects of medical writing. From May 10 to 12, 2023, the authors engaged in a series of interactions with ChatGPT-3.5 to evaluate its effectiveness in various tasks, particularly its application to medical writing, including vocabulary enhancement, text rewriting for plagiarism prevention, hypothesis generation, keyword generation, title generation, article summarization, simplification of medical jargon, transforming text from informal to scientific and data interpretation. The exploration of ChatGPT’s functionalities in medical writing revealed its potential in enhancing various aspects of the writing process, demonstrating its efficiency in improving vocabulary usage, suggesting alternative phrasing, and providing grammar enhancements. While the results indicate the effectiveness of ChatGPT (version 3.5), the presence of certain imperfections highlights the current indispensability of human intervention to refine and validate outputs, ensuring accuracy and relevance in medical settings. The integration of AI into medical writing shows significant potential for improving clarity, efficiency, and reliability. This evaluation highlights both the benefits and limitations of using ChatGPT-3.5, emphasizing its ability to enhance vocabulary, prevent plagiarism, generate hypotheses, suggest keywords, summarize articles, simplify medical jargon, and transform informal text into an academic format. However, AI tools should not replace human expertise. It is crucial for medical professionals to ensure thorough human review and validation to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the content in case they eventually use AI as a supplementary resource in medical writing. Accepting this mutually symbiotic partnership holds the promise of improving medical research and patient outcomes, and it sets the stage for the fusion of AI and human knowledge to produce a novel approach to medical assessment. Thus, while AI can streamline certain tasks, experienced medical writers and researchers must perform final reviews to uphold high standards in medical communications.

Aims: the effects of fear of Covis-19, physical activity and gender on negative stress (Distress) in an Arab population by the method of structural equations based on partial least squares. Material and methods: The 459 participants from four Arab countries (age M = 33.02, SD age = 8.46 are divided by sex into women (n = 237) and men (n = 222). The level of education was basic (<9 years of study; n = 144), secondary / vocational (between 9 and 12; n = 178) and university (n = 137). The COVID-19 Fear, International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and Perceived Stress (PSS10) questionnaires were disseminated on emails and on social networks via Google Forms. SMARTPLS software version 3.2.9 was used to model the relationships between the variables. Results: The results confirmed the links between gender, physical activity, fear of Covid-19 and gender. They showed that a significant mediating effect of Covid-19 Fear in the relationship between gender and General Distress. Also, physical activity influenced fear of Covid-19, but it depends on gender. In addition, the model highlighted the presence of an effect moderation of physical activity. Conclusion: From the model presented in this study, it is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on psychological distress in the target populations. The impact of physical activity on psychological distress is shown to be very important during the pandemic phase.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Problematic Internet Use (PIU), emotional states of stress, anxiety and depression, and the practice of physical activity among Tunisian students.Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 976 university students aged 20.76 ± 1.63 years (46.8% female). They filled out an online survey comprised of a socio-demographic questionnaire, the depression, anxiety and stress scale– 21 items (DASS-21), the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the compulsive internet use scale (CIUS). Students were divided, based on their economic levels, into three groups: low (n = 256, 26.23%), medium (n = 523, 53.59%) and high (n = 197, 20.18%).Results: Mediation analysis: Indirect effects of IPAQ and gender on DASS-21 were highlighted: β= -0.18 (p < 0.01) and β= -0.04,P < 0.01) respectively. In addition, a significant and negative effect of IPAQ on CIUS was demonstrated (β = -0.45,P < 0.01). In addition, the effect of CIUS on DASS-21 was significant (β = 0.39,P < 0.01). Also, the effect of gender on CIUS was significant (β=-0.10,P < 0.01) However, its effect on DASS-21 was not significant (β = 0.05,p = 0.078). The total effect of IPAQ on DASS21 was significant (β= -0.52,p < 0.01) but the effect of Gender on DASS-21 was not significant (β = 0.01,p = 0.817). Moderation analysis: the results showed a significant moderation effect of the interaction between IPAQ and Gender on CIUS (β = 0.07,p < 0.01). However, it was not significant between Gender and CIUS on DASS-21 (β = 0.09,p = 0.390) and between IPAQ and Gender on DASS21 (β = 0.01,p = 0.736) Also, the interaction between IPAQ and CIUS did not have a significant moderation effect on DASS-21 (β = 0.15,p = 0.115).Conclusions: Findings suggest that relationships between PIU and negative emotional state of depression, anxiety and stress are mediated via physical exercise. These results underscore the importance of the physical activity factor in the studies analyzing longitudinal effects of PIU on mental health outcomes.