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Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer is an Associate Professor at the School of Communication of the University of Navarra. She obtained her PhD on Public Communication at the University of Navarra in 1995. Since then, one of her research interests has been the impact of the Internet on the mass media, particularly how business models are being affected by the digitization of processes and the new roles of audiences. She has been part of several competitive research projects on this topic, and she is currently involved in the JOLT – “Harnessing Digital and Data Technologies for Journalism” project financed by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie ITN, UE.
Introduction: The ever-progressing transformation of the media as a result of digitization trends, the new characteristics of the communication environment and the associated communication practices and forms of user behaviour result in new educational needs and demands. Their reassessment in the context of current scientific discourses takes the form of revision and redefinition of the concept of media competence. Methodology: through a reflexive analysis of the concepts and models, we present the conceptualization of media competence as an extended competence to the area of personal, social, cultural and civic competencies. Results: The result of the work is a reassessment of conceptual positions in the projection of features of media competence in the context of the significant phenomena of the converged digital environment: participatory paradigm, hyperconnectivity, proliferation of disinformation. This approach requires the extension of skills and abilities in accessing, evaluating, analyzing, creating and communicating news and media; skills combining the previous forms of literacy and skills of digital environment (Livingstone, 2004; Pérez Tornero, Celot, Varis, 2007; Hobbs, 2008). Discussion: Our approach is associated with broader educational demands and needs aimed at the development of the individual´s personality in a more holistic way, connected with the more complex needs of a society where media presence is higher. Conclusions: The changes in the subject of ´Learning about the media´ are resassed at the end of the paper.
Viera Kačinová; María Rosario María Rosario. Conceptualization of media competence as an "augmented competence". Revista Latina de Comunicación Social 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleViera Kačinová, María Rosario María Rosario. Conceptualization of media competence as an "augmented competence". Revista Latina de Comunicación Social. 2021; (80):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleViera Kačinová; María Rosario María Rosario. 2021. "Conceptualization of media competence as an "augmented competence"." Revista Latina de Comunicación Social , no. 80: 1-18.
This article presents the results of research that seeks to analyze the ability of minors to identify the advertising messages received through the most used social networks by this audience (YouTube and Instagram). Children’s aptitude to recognize persuasive intent was measured in a selection of examples taken for this study, as well as the perception that parents or guardians had about the minor's ability to recognize advertising on the platforms analyzed. Results were obtained from a survey applied to dyads in 501 homes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile, to children aged 10 to 14 and to one of their parents or guardians. Main results include the notion that more than 50% of children were not able to detect advertising in examples containing ads. Lower recognition percentages were obtained in cases that combined persuasive content and entertainment and were not classified as advertising. For their part, adults perceived that their children recognize persuasive intent to a lesser extent than indicated by the children themselves. An explicit and clear signaling of advertising messages, as well as advertising literacy according to the age of minors could help them discern the content they consume on social networks. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que analiza la capacidad del menor para identificar los mensajes publicitarios que recibe a través de las redes sociales de más uso entre este perfil de audiencia (YouTube e Instagram). Se midió la aptitud de niños y niñas para reconocer la intencionalidad persuasiva en una selección de ejemplos tomados para este estudio. Adicionalmente se analizó también la percepción que sus padres o adultos responsables declararon tener sobre dicha capacidad de los menores. Los resultados provienen de una encuesta aplicada en díadas en 501 hogares del Área Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile tanto a niños y niñas entre 10 y 14 años como a uno de sus padres o adulto responsable. Entre los principales resultados destaca que en los ejemplos propuestos la mayoría de los encuestados (más de un 50%) no fue capaz de detectar publicidad en contenidos que sí la integraban. Los porcentajes de reconocimiento fueron incluso inferiores en aquellos casos que entremezclaban contenido persuasivo y entretenimiento y que no estaban catalogados como publicitarios. Por su parte, padres y madres percibieron que sus hijos reconocen la intencionalidad persuasiva en menor medida que lo indicado por ellos. Una señalización explícita y clara de los mensajes publicitarios, así como una alfabetización publicitaria acorde a la edad de los menores podrían ayudarles a discernir los contenidos que consumen en redes sociales.
Beatriz Feijoo; Simón Bugueño; Charo Sádaba; Aurora García-González. Parents' and children's perception on social media advertising. Comunicar 2021, 29, 99 -109.
AMA StyleBeatriz Feijoo, Simón Bugueño, Charo Sádaba, Aurora García-González. Parents' and children's perception on social media advertising. Comunicar. 2021; 29 (67):99-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Feijoo; Simón Bugueño; Charo Sádaba; Aurora García-González. 2021. "Parents' and children's perception on social media advertising." Comunicar 29, no. 67: 99-109.
Digitization, digital convergence and digitalization are well-known terms that have caused a huge impact on the media landscape in the last two decades. The embedded consequences of the increase of free information online or the lack of stable profits for media companies are present in the day-to-day practices of news companies. However, there is a lack of understanding of how the emergence of new players has modified the logic and rhythm of the media production chain. In this article, we try to identify a theoretical approach to analyze and classify the different roles and actors considered to be disrupting the media stage. Through a systematic literature review of more than 200 articles published in the last twenty years, we identify and define a term to better understand the nature of these new media players: digital intermediaries. Furthermore, we argue that there is a need for a clear taxonomy regarding digital intermediaries, paying special attention to the shifts in the news companies’ definition and delivery of value.
Clara González-Tosat; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer. Digital Intermediaries: More than New Actors on a Crowded Media Stage. Journalism and Media 2021, 2, 77 -99.
AMA StyleClara González-Tosat, Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer. Digital Intermediaries: More than New Actors on a Crowded Media Stage. Journalism and Media. 2021; 2 (1):77-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClara González-Tosat; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer. 2021. "Digital Intermediaries: More than New Actors on a Crowded Media Stage." Journalism and Media 2, no. 1: 77-99.
This article presents the results of a study that sought to analyze the relationship between minors and brands on social media. The frequency with which minors search for or share information or subscribe to brand web pages was measured, as well as their following of influencers, who commonly refer to consumer goods. The main purpose of this article is to contribute to learning about the commercial environment that surrounds children in their routines on social media, particularly because of their growing influence in home purchasing decisions. The results, obtained from a survey applied in 501 homes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile to minors between 10 and 14 years old, show that the respondents effectively interact with brands through social media. Although it is not a widespread practice among 10- to 12-year-olds, it is increasingly becoming present among 13- to 14-year-olds. Children seem most interested in sportswear, fashion, and technology brands, areas in which children have significant influence in family purchasing decision. Following influencers through social media is also a common activity among minors. In particular, the age groups here studied preferred to follow celebrities, particularly from the worlds of music, football, or YouTube, over specific brands.
Beatriz Feijoo; Charo Sádaba. The Relationship of Chilean Minors with Brands and Influencers on Social Networks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2822 .
AMA StyleBeatriz Feijoo, Charo Sádaba. The Relationship of Chilean Minors with Brands and Influencers on Social Networks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2822.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Feijoo; Charo Sádaba. 2021. "The Relationship of Chilean Minors with Brands and Influencers on Social Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2822.
Introducción: Ante una inminente era digital marcada por la globalización y la innovación tecnológica, diferentes organismos plantearon la importancia de innovar la educación con las denominadas competencias del siglo XXI. La necesidad de nuevas habilidades para participar de la cultura digital es destacada en diferentes propuestas, donde la competencia digital es clave y fundamental para vivir, trabajar y participar en la sociedad del conocimiento. Metodología: Este trabajo tiene por objetivo generar una propuesta integrada de la alfabetización digital mediante un análisis comparado de la competencia digital en ocho marcos de competencias del siglo XXI (ATCS, enGauge, Naep, Nets, OCDE, P21, Unesco, Unión Europea), los cuales son estudiados en tres grandes bloques temáticos: a) definición, b) objetivos y visión y c) competencias y habilidades. Resultados: La alfabetización digital abarca un enfoque holístico, nutrido por diferentes alfabetizaciones, desde el cual se construye un meta-marco con nueve competencias: tres competencias directas, 1)información y datos, 2) comunicación y colaboración y 3) técnica; cinco competencias transversales, 4) resolución de problemas, 5) ciudadanía global y conciencia multicultural, 6) interpersonal, 7) pensamiento de futuro, 8) pensamiento creativo y 9) pensamiento crítico; y 53 habilidades digitales cognitivas, críticas, técnicas, sociales, emocionales y proyectivas. Conclusiones: La alfabetización digital multidimensional consolida la perspectiva tecnosocial para el empoderamiento y apropiación tecnológica, que supera el uso operativo de las herramientas y promueve el uso amplio, significativo e innovador de la tecnología para la construcción de una sociedad equitativa, el empleo digno, la participación social, entre otros propósitos conectados con la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible.
María Cristina Martínez Bravo; Charo Sádaba Chalezquer; Javier Serrano-Puche. Meta-marco de la alfabetización digital: análisis comparado de marcos de competencias del Siglo XXI. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social 2021, 76 -110.
AMA StyleMaría Cristina Martínez Bravo, Charo Sádaba Chalezquer, Javier Serrano-Puche. Meta-marco de la alfabetización digital: análisis comparado de marcos de competencias del Siglo XXI. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social. 2021; (79):76-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Cristina Martínez Bravo; Charo Sádaba Chalezquer; Javier Serrano-Puche. 2021. "Meta-marco de la alfabetización digital: análisis comparado de marcos de competencias del Siglo XXI." Revista Latina de Comunicación Social , no. 79: 76-110.
It is common to identify the ability to recognize advertising as a requirement for the development of a critical attitude towards commercial content. This paper reflects on the perception parents have of their children who, as active users of mobile devices, are recipients of advertising. We thought interesting to draw a comparison between parent and child responses to corroborate the level of consistency between adult perception and what children stated regarding their attitude towards the advertising to which they were exposed. In order to do so a survey was applied in dyads in 501 households in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile showing that parents and guardians tend to underestimate the trust that children place in the advertising appearing on the channels they watch most on their mobile devices. It is needed a ground a solid starting point to enable subsequent research on childcare, content supervision and parental and social mediation.
Beatriz Feijoo; Charo Sádaba. Is my kid that naive? Parents’ perceptions of their children’s attitudes towards advertising on smartphones in Chile. Journal of Children and Media 2020, 1 -16.
AMA StyleBeatriz Feijoo, Charo Sádaba. Is my kid that naive? Parents’ perceptions of their children’s attitudes towards advertising on smartphones in Chile. Journal of Children and Media. 2020; ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Feijoo; Charo Sádaba. 2020. "Is my kid that naive? Parents’ perceptions of their children’s attitudes towards advertising on smartphones in Chile." Journal of Children and Media , no. : 1-16.
This study adopted an exploratory approach to try to establish lines of investigation on the advertising density that children face when using their mobile phones. While connected, minors are exposed to a slightly higher volume of advertising (14 minutes per hour of use) than via other media such as television, with presence of ads during more than 80% of browsing time. Data on exposure of children to advertising through mobile phones with an internet connection were collected and analyzed. The minors were aged 10 to 14 years and lived in Santiago, a metropolitan area in Chile. Children visually interact with and consume advertising content through mobile devices. This eye contact and consumption occur mainly when minors visit game applications, YouTube (app), and Instagram (app). Commercial content appeared 23.4% of the time analyzed. Online gaming (23%), food and distribution (18%), entertainment (8%), and fashion (8%) represented the highest percentage of ads. A non-participatory digital observation methodology was applied for data acquisition. Minors were asked to video-record the screen during common activities, thus registering their movements and the content to which they were visually exposed. Forty-five (45) children underwent weekly follow-ups, and an audiovisual database of over 300 recordings was created. Recordings meeting methodological constraints (on, for instance, duration) were subjected to content analysis. Resumen Estudio exploratorio sobre la densidad publicitaria a la que se enfrentan los menores cuando emplean el teléfono móvil. Pasan gran parte de su tiempo conectados en plataformas como YouTube, apps de juegos e Instagram, en las que existe un nivel de exposición publicitaria (14 minutos por hora de uso, o 23%) ligeramente superior al de medios como la televisión, llegando en algunos momentos a estar presente la publicidad más del 80% del tiempo de navegación. Esto muestra el estudio realizado en el Área Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile con niños de 10 a 14 años con el objetivo de registrar y analizar su exposición a la publicidad recibida a través de un teléfono móvil con conexión a internet. El análisis también recoge que la interacción de los niños con el contenido publicitario al que acceden es sobre todo visual (contacto sólo ocular) y el mayor porcentaje de anuncios que reciben es en los juegos online (23%), seguidos de la restauración y distribución (18%), entretenimiento (8%) y moda (8%). Estos datos se han obtenido mediante una observación digital no participante en la que se propuso al usuario que hiciera una grabación de vídeo de la pantalla del teléfono con el que accedía frecuentemente (screen recorder) y así quedasen registrados los contenidos que visitase. Se accedió a una muestra de 45 menores que se sometieron a un seguimiento semanal, consiguiendo finalmente un cómputo de registros audiovisuales superior a los 300, cada uno con una duración mínima que garantizase la viabilidad de la observación. Finalmente, el material recabado se sometió a un análisis de contenido.
Beatriz Feijoo-Fernández; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer; Simón Bugueño-Ipinza. Anuncios entre vídeos, juegos y fotos. Impacto publicitario que recibe el menor a través del teléfono móvil. El Profesional de la información 2020, 29, 1 .
AMA StyleBeatriz Feijoo-Fernández, Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer, Simón Bugueño-Ipinza. Anuncios entre vídeos, juegos y fotos. Impacto publicitario que recibe el menor a través del teléfono móvil. El Profesional de la información. 2020; 29 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Feijoo-Fernández; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer; Simón Bugueño-Ipinza. 2020. "Anuncios entre vídeos, juegos y fotos. Impacto publicitario que recibe el menor a través del teléfono móvil." El Profesional de la información 29, no. 6: 1.
Evitar contenidos comerciales durante el consumo de medios no es un fenómeno nuevo. La teoría reconoce distintos mecanismos para identificar esta conducta y el uso de bloqueadores de publicidad se puede reconocer como una respuesta comportamental activa y consciente a este tipo de contenido. Es interesante ahondar en los motivos que pueden explicar esta respuesta por parte del usuario. El presente artículo analiza en qué medida el uso de estos programas de bloqueo de publicidad está relacionado con actitudes conscientes y cuál es la probabilidad de que ciertos perfiles los usen más o menos. Para ello se estudia el caso de los usuarios de noticias online en España con los datos del Digital News Report 2018 que encuestó a una muestra representativa de 2023 españoles mayores de edad. A través de una regresión logística binomial, se demuestra que algunos aspectos demográficos como la edad y el género parecen indicar una mayor propensión a emplear este tipo de programas de bloqueo de publicidad online. También los usuarios con una actitud activa presentan más probabilidad de usar programas para bloquear la publicidad digital. Por contra, se muestra cómo hay dos perfiles de personas que tienen menor predisposición a usar estos programas: los que pagan por noticias online y los que tienen una mayor familiaridad y conocimiento crítico del sector de la información.
Cristina Sánchez-Blanco; Charo Sádaba; Elena-Luisa Sanjurjo-Sanmartín. Mecanismos comportamentales como predicción del uso de ad blocking en usuarios de noticias online. Revista de Comunicación 2020, 19, 231 -243.
AMA StyleCristina Sánchez-Blanco, Charo Sádaba, Elena-Luisa Sanjurjo-Sanmartín. Mecanismos comportamentales como predicción del uso de ad blocking en usuarios de noticias online. Revista de Comunicación. 2020; 19 (2):231-243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Sánchez-Blanco; Charo Sádaba; Elena-Luisa Sanjurjo-Sanmartín. 2020. "Mecanismos comportamentales como predicción del uso de ad blocking en usuarios de noticias online." Revista de Comunicación 19, no. 2: 231-243.
The following research has as its starting point the previous existence of different approaches to the study of digital literacy, which reflect a specialisation by area of study as well as connections and complementarity between them. The paper analyses research from the last 50 years through 11 key terms associated with the study of this subject. The article seeks to understand the contribution of each term for an integrated conceptualisation of digital literacy. From the data science approach, the methodology used is based on a systematized review of the literature and a network analysis using Gephi. The study analyses 16,753 articles from WoS and 5,809 from Scopus, between the period of 1968 to 2017. The results present the input to each key term studied as a map of keywords and a conceptual framework in different levels of analysis; in these, we show digital literacy as a central term that connects and integrates the others, and we define it as a process that integrates all the perspectives. The conclusions emphasise the comprehensive sense of digital literacy and its social condition, as well as the transversality to human life. This research aims to understand the relationships that exist between the different areas and contribute to the debate from a meta-theoretical level, validating meta-research for this interdisciplinary purpose.
María-Cristina Martínez-Bravo; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer; Javier Serrano-Puche. Fifty years of digital literacy studies: A meta-research for interdisciplinary and conceptual convergence. El Profesional de la información 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría-Cristina Martínez-Bravo, Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer, Javier Serrano-Puche. Fifty years of digital literacy studies: A meta-research for interdisciplinary and conceptual convergence. El Profesional de la información. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría-Cristina Martínez-Bravo; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer; Javier Serrano-Puche. 2020. "Fifty years of digital literacy studies: A meta-research for interdisciplinary and conceptual convergence." El Profesional de la información , no. : 1.
La presente investigación, realizada en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile a 501 menores entre 10-14 años, indaga en su actitud ante la publicidad que perciben en el móvil en términos de detección, nivel de atención y confianza, variables clave en su capacidad para mediar con el efecto persuasivo de la publicidad. A partir de un análisis de conglomerados, se identificaron cuatro perfiles de usuario: "detectores desconfiados", "no detectores desconfiados", "no detectores confiados" y "mejores detectores". Esta investigación busca reflexionar sobre la necesaria formación crítica del niño y sus hallazgos orientan la alfabetización publicitaria hacia una dimensión actitudinal, más efectiva.
Beatriz Feijoo Fernández; Charo Sádaba Chalezquer; Simón Bugueño Ipinza. ¿Nivel experto o ingenuo? Detección y confianza de los niños en la publicidad que reciben a través de sus dispositivos móviles. Perfiles de usuario. Zer - Revista de Estudios de Comunicación 2020, 25, 231 -248.
AMA StyleBeatriz Feijoo Fernández, Charo Sádaba Chalezquer, Simón Bugueño Ipinza. ¿Nivel experto o ingenuo? Detección y confianza de los niños en la publicidad que reciben a través de sus dispositivos móviles. Perfiles de usuario. Zer - Revista de Estudios de Comunicación. 2020; 25 (48):231-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Feijoo Fernández; Charo Sádaba Chalezquer; Simón Bugueño Ipinza. 2020. "¿Nivel experto o ingenuo? Detección y confianza de los niños en la publicidad que reciben a través de sus dispositivos móviles. Perfiles de usuario." Zer - Revista de Estudios de Comunicación 25, no. 48: 231-248.
The management of diversity and inclusion is a major challenge for businesses in developing inclusive products and marketing strategies focused on people with disabilities. Universities can foster positive attitudes toward inclusiveness if they facilitate student recognition of differences as assets and enable them to appreciate the creation of communities where different individuals are valued. This study analyzes the experience of an innovative undergraduate seminar on inclusive marketing based on social learning theory. Designed and conducted by a former marketing manager with visual impairment, together with university scholars, the course develops the learning potential of inclusive marketing strategies and tactics through role-playing exercises and case studies. By presenting the inclusive marketing seminar theoretical framework, syllabus, and impact on students’ attitudes, this research analyzes an approach to training future marketing professionals and leaders to understand people with disabilities as important stakeholders and provides key insights for universities, companies, and governments in the application of inclusive marketing and communication strategies.
Reynaldo G. Rivera; Angel Arrese; Charo Sádaba; Luis Casado. Incorporating Diversity in Marketing Education: A Framework for Including All People in the Teaching and Learning Process. Journal of Marketing Education 2019, 42, 37 -47.
AMA StyleReynaldo G. Rivera, Angel Arrese, Charo Sádaba, Luis Casado. Incorporating Diversity in Marketing Education: A Framework for Including All People in the Teaching and Learning Process. Journal of Marketing Education. 2019; 42 (1):37-47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleReynaldo G. Rivera; Angel Arrese; Charo Sádaba; Luis Casado. 2019. "Incorporating Diversity in Marketing Education: A Framework for Including All People in the Teaching and Learning Process." Journal of Marketing Education 42, no. 1: 37-47.
Over the past twenty years, the high penetration of mobile phones as a means of interpersonal communication, especially among adolescents, has facilitated access to broader social environments outside their own family. Through the extension of their social environment, teenagers are able to establish new and more extensive relationships, while facing risks that may negatively affect their socialization process. The aim of this article was to find out how computer-mediated communication helps or obstructs the creation of social capital between teenagers, and what are the consequences of its use for this age group. To achieve this, an index of social capital was developed in the study, designed to determine the positive or negative impact of certain components of mobile mediated communication in the creation of this intangible resource. Questionnaires were distributed among Spanish adolescents of secondary and high school age, from different public and private schools of Navarre. Furthermore, the study considered the adolescents’ own perceptions about the incidence of the use of mobile phones in their social relationships. As reflected in the results, to identify the components of mediated communication that significantly affect social capital it is necessary to conduct an objective measurement of this resource. La alta penetración del teléfono móvil entre los adolescentes y su uso como medio de comunicación inter-personal ha facilitado para este público el acceso, durante los últimos veinte años, a entornos más amplios, distintos al familiar. A través de la extensión de su ámbito social, estos son capaces de establecer nuevos vínculos y relaciones más extensas, al tiempo que se enfrentan a riesgos que afectan de manera negativa a su proceso de socialización. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer de qué manera la comunicación mediada por la tecnología favorece o no la creación de capital social entre las comunidades de adolescentes, y cuáles son las consecuencias que pueden resultar de su uso para este grupo de edad. Para ello se propuso un índice de capital social, que permitiera conocer el impacto positivo o negativo que tienen determinados componentes de la comunicación mediada por el móvil en la creación de este recurso. Se repartieron cuestionarios entre jóvenes españoles de la ESO y Bachillerato, en colegios públicos y privados de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra. Además, se tuvo en cuenta la propia percepción de los adolescentes, sobre la incidencia del uso de este dispositivo en sus relaciones sociales. Tal como reflejan los resultados, solo a través de una medición objetiva del capital social es posible identificar aquellos componentes de la comunicación mediada que afectan de manera significativa a este recurso.
María-José Vidales-Bolaños; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer. Connected teens: Measuring the impact of mobile phones on social relationships through social capital. Comunicar 2017, 25, 19 -28.
AMA StyleMaría-José Vidales-Bolaños, Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer. Connected teens: Measuring the impact of mobile phones on social relationships through social capital. Comunicar. 2017; 25 (53):19-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría-José Vidales-Bolaños; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer. 2017. "Connected teens: Measuring the impact of mobile phones on social relationships through social capital." Comunicar 25, no. 53: 19-28.
Charo Sádaba. Elders’ Perceptions on the Role of ICTs on Their Lives. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2016, 238 -244.
AMA StyleCharo Sádaba. Elders’ Perceptions on the Role of ICTs on Their Lives. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2016; ():238-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharo Sádaba. 2016. "Elders’ Perceptions on the Role of ICTs on Their Lives." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 238-244.
The technological landscape in relation to the minors presents numerous challenges facing the telecommunication industry, with families and schools. However, academic literature still remains silence in showing the strategic policies that the industry is managing in order to address these challenges. Therefore, this article has two aims: to provide an overview of the state of the art in order to present the main findings of the child protection policies in international telecom companies (17), stressing the analysis regarding their products and services and how do they manage the collaboration with key stakeholders. Research was conducted using qualitative methodology: CSR reports and websites of the companies were analysed in order to define what are their strategic actions, as well as the individuals and institutions that collaborate with. The findings show interesting insights, even with some differences by regions, among the most significant policies pursued by the sector are: self-regulation, product innovation regarding protection tools and a network of collaborations with stakeholders have been established, as an opportunity for facilitating new policies and strategies. In conclusion, telecom industry needs to integrate their policies regarding minor protection, promoting an integral management approach that comprises not only product development but also strengthen relationships with the main stakeholders as parents and institutions. El paisaje tecnológico de las pantallas en relación al menor apunta a numerosos desafíos que la industria afronta junto a las familias y el sector educativo. Sin embargo, hay poca bibliografía que ahonde en las políticas estratégicas que está implantando el sector para hacer frente a los retos. Por ello, este artículo tiene dos objetivos: en primer lugar, realizar una síntesis del estado de la cuestión para, seguidamente, presentar los principales hallazgos sobre cómo están afrontando este panorama las 17 principales empresas internacionales en su política comercial y en su relación con grupos de interés. La metodología aplicada es de carácter cualitativo, y analiza los informes de responsabilidad social y webs de las compañías, con el fin de identificar las líneas estratégicas y acciones empresariales, así como las personas e instituciones con quienes colaboran. Los resultados muestran que, pese a algunas diferencias entre regiones, el sector se atiene a un interés por la autorregulación, la innovación en los productos, en las herramientas de protección, así como en el mantenimiento de una estrecha red de colaboraciones con grupos de interés, que permite retroalimentar las políticas y estrategias. De este análisis se concluye que el sector necesita integrar las políticas de protección al menor no solo con el desarrollo de productos responsables, sino estrechando aún más los vínculos con grupos de interés clave como padres e instituciones.
Mónica Recalde-Viana; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer; Elena Gutiérrez-García. Telecommunication industry contributions to child online protection. Comunicar 2015, 23, 179 -186.
AMA StyleMónica Recalde-Viana, Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer, Elena Gutiérrez-García. Telecommunication industry contributions to child online protection. Comunicar. 2015; 23 (45):179-186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMónica Recalde-Viana; Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer; Elena Gutiérrez-García. 2015. "Telecommunication industry contributions to child online protection." Comunicar 23, no. 45: 179-186.
The presence of the Internet and all kind of digital devices is clear in developed countries, especially among youngsters. But technology access and usage is also growing in developing societies, where minors are in most cases at the forefront of the adoption of these new services, exploring the opportunities. The present proposal intends to analyze how and for what reasons are minors of four Ibero-American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Ecuador) are accessing the Internet, specially the kind of services and the types of contents they are consuming online.
Charo Sádaba. Ibero-American Minors: How Are They Accessing and Using Information. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2013, 8010, 704 -709.
AMA StyleCharo Sádaba. Ibero-American Minors: How Are They Accessing and Using Information. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2013; 8010 ():704-709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharo Sádaba. 2013. "Ibero-American Minors: How Are They Accessing and Using Information." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 8010, no. : 704-709.
Marko Ala-Fossi; Piet Bakker; Hanna-Kaisa Ellonen; Lucy Küng; Stephen Lax; Charo Sádaba; Richard Van Der Wurff. The Impact of the Internet on Business Models in the Media Industries – A Sector-by-Sector Analysis. The Internet and the Mass Media 2012, 149 -169.
AMA StyleMarko Ala-Fossi, Piet Bakker, Hanna-Kaisa Ellonen, Lucy Küng, Stephen Lax, Charo Sádaba, Richard Van Der Wurff. The Impact of the Internet on Business Models in the Media Industries – A Sector-by-Sector Analysis. The Internet and the Mass Media. 2012; ():149-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarko Ala-Fossi; Piet Bakker; Hanna-Kaisa Ellonen; Lucy Küng; Stephen Lax; Charo Sádaba; Richard Van Der Wurff. 2012. "The Impact of the Internet on Business Models in the Media Industries – A Sector-by-Sector Analysis." The Internet and the Mass Media , no. : 149-169.
Piet Bakker; Charo Sádaba. The Impact of the Internet on Users. The Internet and the Mass Media 2012, 86 -101.
AMA StylePiet Bakker, Charo Sádaba. The Impact of the Internet on Users. The Internet and the Mass Media. 2012; ():86-101.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiet Bakker; Charo Sádaba. 2012. "The Impact of the Internet on Users." The Internet and the Mass Media , no. : 86-101.
La generalización del uso de Internet y del resto de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación es una realidad que ha afectado a todos los países occidentales en los últimos años. España no ha escapado de esta realidad. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una imagen actualizada y sintetizada del usuario de Internet. Acudiendo a fuentes de datos públicas y privadas ya consolidadas, se ofrece una visión de los indicadores básicos así como de las variables clásicas, sexo, edad y clase social, que permiten entender cómo es el internauta tipo en España, donde casi seis de cada diez ciudadanos usa ya Internet. Conocer también cuáles son sus actividades habituales online, es parte de los objetivos de este artículo. Una visión detallada sobre los menores se ofrece teniendo en cuenta su especial vinculación con Internet.
Charo Sádaba. El Perfil del Usuario de Internet en España. Psychosocial Intervention 2010, 19, 41 -55.
AMA StyleCharo Sádaba. El Perfil del Usuario de Internet en España. Psychosocial Intervention. 2010; 19 (1):41-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharo Sádaba. 2010. "El Perfil del Usuario de Internet en España." Psychosocial Intervention 19, no. 1: 41-55.
Over the last decade, the Spanish television market has radically changed, but television has never ceased being a favourite medium for advertisers, not only because of its potential to communicate emotions with a unique touch but above all because it reaches 98 per cent of Spanish households. In recent years, consumption of television has increased in Spain, now on the digital threshold, and there is already evidence from the U.S. that households with access to fully interactive digital television increase their overall consumption of the medium. And yet, Infoadex data on advertising spend in Spain during 2001 indicates that out of the 18% of the total media investment received by television, less than 1.7% of that was spent on non-commercial and nationwide television. This raises an important question: why does advertiser interest in digital television not grow at the same pace as audience acceptance of the new technology? The arrival of digital multichannel television in 1997 means we must reconsider the concept of advertising in a medium in which the user pays for access to content. Advertising must now focus on becoming an added value service for the viewer, augmenting programme content. Digital television has the ability to increase segmentation of the audience and its interactive possibilities open the way towards creating new advertising messages. This paper explores the response of advertisers and other professional actors across the media sector. Its object is to establish an initial analysis of the reasons for the inhibited attitude of advertisers towards digital television. After a brief review of the present situation in Spain — with reference to the business models and the legal framework in which digital television is developing — we examine the role of advertising, using interviews with different professionals in the field, in order to identify the main barriers to advertising investment in digital television.
Charo Sádaba. Advertising in Digital Television: The Spanish Case. Javnost - The Public 2002, 9, 35 -47.
AMA StyleCharo Sádaba. Advertising in Digital Television: The Spanish Case. Javnost - The Public. 2002; 9 (4):35-47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharo Sádaba. 2002. "Advertising in Digital Television: The Spanish Case." Javnost - The Public 9, no. 4: 35-47.