The prime objective of this study is to examine the impact of industrial output and financial development on carbon dioxide emissions for a panel of 10 newly industrialized countries, namely Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. The empirical analysis was conducted between 1982 and 2019 by employing various estimation tests and techniques. The different tests account for cross-sectional dependence in different series of the model. Therefore, the relevant panel unit root was conducted, and we found that all series become stationary after the first difference. The long run parameters were estimated, and we found that there is a significant long-run relationship between the industrial output, the financial development, and the carbon emissions. The carbon emissions are found to be significantly affected by both domestic income and industrial output, while being negatively affected by financial development. Industrial production coefficient estimates are highly elastic when compared to the other estimates. The results also indicate unidirectional short-run causality from the domestic output and trade openness to carbon emissions, urban population to domestic output, and financial development to industrial output. However, there is no evidence of bidirectional causality. The study concludes that sustainable economic growth can be achieved by using contemporary and efficient production techniques, using environmentally friendly inputs in industries, and increasing vigilance of both the public and private sectors. Both the public and private sectors should therefore be pushed to use more modern, eco-friendly, and productive processing techniques. It is recommended that both the public and commercial sectors be encouraged to embrace cutting-edge, environmentally friendly, and productive processing methods.

This study analyzes how population health is impacted by environmental degradation, chemical exposure, and water contamination in 35 middle-income countries between 1980 and 2022. To address endogeneity and serial correlation in the panel data, the analysis uses the dynamic ordinary least squares and fully modified ordinary least squares estimators. The empirical findings show a definite trend. Secondary education, access to clean water, improved sanitation facilities, and economic output are positively associated with life expectancy. On the contrary, CO2 emissions, industrial value added, shortage of healthcare resources, and the increased age dependency ratios are negatively correlated with the health outcomes of the population. This result is also true for other specifications and estimation techniques. The main strength of this study is the concurrent analysis of several environmental and socioeconomic factors affecting health in a single empirical model. From a policy perspective, the evidence supports three main directions. Promote cleaner technologies and emission reduction to lessen environmental and health costs, in addition to improvements in access to education and sanitation. Industrial development should be controlled by waste minimization, recycling, and renewable energy.