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Chiara Caselle
Department of Earth Science, Torino University, Turin, Italy

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Original paper
Published: 24 May 2021 in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
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The wide range of gypsum facies observed all over the world and the strong heterogeneity that may be present even within a single facies often cause an inhomogeneous mechanical response that, if neglected, may be particularly dangerous in the framework of underground excavations. In addition, gypsum is particularly sensible to the presence of water. The high relative humidity conditions often registered in underground gypsum quarries may imply an additional worsening of mechanical properties. In the present study, the strength and the creep response of a natural gypsum rock facies are investigated, considering the influence of material heterogeneity and relative humidity conditions. The heterogeneity of the material, quantified with MIP and SEM analyses, is observed to strongly affect the mechanical response. To this intrinsic mechanical variability, the influence of an external parameter as the relative humidity is observed to generate an additional reduction of material strength and to increase the creep strain rate in the long-term tests. The effect of all these elements in the underground quarry framework is discussed and a constitutive model of these experimental results is provided.

ACS Style

Anna Ramon; Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto; Daniele Costanzo; Eduardo E. Alonso. Effect of Microstructure and Relative Humidity on Strength and Creep of Gypsum. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2021, 1 -25.

AMA Style

Anna Ramon, Chiara Caselle, Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto, Daniele Costanzo, Eduardo E. Alonso. Effect of Microstructure and Relative Humidity on Strength and Creep of Gypsum. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2021; ():1-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Ramon; Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto; Daniele Costanzo; Eduardo E. Alonso. 2021. "Effect of Microstructure and Relative Humidity on Strength and Creep of Gypsum." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering , no. : 1-25.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Sustainability
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In arid and semi-arid areas, human health and economic development depend on water availability, which can be greatly compromised by droughts. In some cases, the presence of natural contaminants may additionally reduce the availability of good quality water. This research analyzed the water resources and hydrochemical characteristics in a rural area of the central Main Ethiopian Rift Valley, particularly in the districts of Shashemene, Arsi Negelle, and Siraro. The study was developed using a census of the main water points (springs and wells) in the area and the sampling and physico-chemical analysis of the water, with particular regard to the fluoride concentration. In many cases, fluoride content exceeded the drinking water limits set by the World Health Organization, even in the absence of anthropogenic contamination. Two different aquifers were recognized: A shallow aquifer related to the eastern escarpment and highlands, and a deep aquifer in the lowland areas of the rift valley on the basis of compositional changes from Ca–Mg/HCO3 to Na–HCO3. The distribution of fluoride, as well as pH and EC values, showed a decrease from the center of the lowlands to the eastern highlands, with similar values closely aligned along an NNE/SSW trend. All these data contribute to creating awareness among and sharing information on the risks with rural communities and local governments to support the adequate use of the available water resources and to plan appropriate interventions to increase access to fresh water, aimed at the sustainable human and rural local development of the region.

ACS Style

Sabrina Bonetto; Chiara Caselle; Domenico de Luca; Manuela Lasagna. Groundwater Resources in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley: An Overview for a Sustainable Development. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1347 .

AMA Style

Sabrina Bonetto, Chiara Caselle, Domenico de Luca, Manuela Lasagna. Groundwater Resources in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley: An Overview for a Sustainable Development. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabrina Bonetto; Chiara Caselle; Domenico de Luca; Manuela Lasagna. 2021. "Groundwater Resources in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley: An Overview for a Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1347.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Sustainability
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This research gives an overview of the status of water resources in the western Aosta Valley (Italy). Surface water, groundwater and precipitation were sampled during five sampling campaigns, and chemical analyses were performed and interpreted. Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) were evaluated. This study highlights the relationships between water quality and quantity and local conditions (i.e., aquifer lithology, mixing into the aquifer, proximity to towns, contribution of snowmelt and ice melt to groundwater recharge, amount of rain, and season and altitude of the sampling location). A relationship between dust dispersed in the atmosphere as aerosols from the nearby Piedmont Region and the precipitation chemistry was identified, highlighting the presence of interregional conditions. Furthermore, isotopic analyses allowed the identification of aquifer feeding by both rainwater and glacial meltwater. Additionally, two origins for rainfall were identified: the Mediterranean Sea in winter and the Atlantic Ocean in summer. Finally, a local meteoric water line was calibrated for the study area. This research highlights the importance of implementing both traditional and isotopic techniques for water analysis to achieve optimal and sustainable management of water resources.

ACS Style

Barbara Grappein; Manuela Lasagna; Pietro Capodaglio; Chiara Caselle; Domenico Luca. Hydrochemical and Isotopic Applications in the Western Aosta Valley (Italy) for Sustainable Groundwater Management. Sustainability 2021, 13, 487 .

AMA Style

Barbara Grappein, Manuela Lasagna, Pietro Capodaglio, Chiara Caselle, Domenico Luca. Hydrochemical and Isotopic Applications in the Western Aosta Valley (Italy) for Sustainable Groundwater Management. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):487.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Grappein; Manuela Lasagna; Pietro Capodaglio; Chiara Caselle; Domenico Luca. 2021. "Hydrochemical and Isotopic Applications in the Western Aosta Valley (Italy) for Sustainable Groundwater Management." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 487.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The economic activities of South Sudan (East-Central Africa) are predominantly agricultural. However, food insecurity due to low agricultural production, connected with weather conditions and lack of water infrastructure and knowledge, is a huge problem. This study reports the results of a qualitative and quantitative investigation of underground and surface water in the area of Gumbo (east of Juba town) that aims to assure sustainable water management, reducing diseases and mortality and guaranteeing access to irrigation and drinking water. The results of the study demonstrate the peculiarity of surface and groundwater and the critical aspects to take into account for the water use, particularly due to the exceeding of limits suggested by the WHO and national regulation. The outcomes provide a contribution to the scientific overview on lithostratigraphic, hydrochemical and hydrogeological setting of a less-studied area, characterized by sociopolitical instability and water scarcity. This represents a first step for the improvement of water knowledge and management, for sustainable economic development and for social progress in this African region.

ACS Style

Manuela Lasagna; Sabrina Bonetto; Laura Debernardi; Domenico De Luca; Carlo Semita; Chiara Caselle. Groundwater Resources Assessment for Sustainable Development in South Sudan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5580 .

AMA Style

Manuela Lasagna, Sabrina Bonetto, Laura Debernardi, Domenico De Luca, Carlo Semita, Chiara Caselle. Groundwater Resources Assessment for Sustainable Development in South Sudan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuela Lasagna; Sabrina Bonetto; Laura Debernardi; Domenico De Luca; Carlo Semita; Chiara Caselle. 2020. "Groundwater Resources Assessment for Sustainable Development in South Sudan." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5580.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The present study proposes an analytical investigation of the natural resources and social framework of the Hodh el Chargui region (Mauritania), aiming to offer a useful instrument for planning and management to the local authorities. The situation of the region was evaluated by means of a participatory survey carried out among the local inhabitants. The obtained results include a collection of data about population, territorial organization, access to basic education and health services, infrastructure, main economic activities, and natural resources (in terms of water, both surface and groundwater, duration and intensity of rainfalls, soil types, and vegetal resources). The survey outcomes were completed with an integrated approach based on Earth Observation (EO) data supports, such as digital elevation models (DEMs) and Landsat8 imagery. The interdependence among the different data was evaluated and discussed, with regard to the influence of the availability of natural resources on the development of agricultural activities and on the general social welfare. The results are organized in the form of digital maps and a user-friendly webmap platform to facilitate access for all the technical and nontechnical actors involved in the project.

ACS Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Bonetto; Domenico De Luca; Manuela Lasagna; Luigi Perotti; Arianna Bucci; Stefano Bechis. An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Management of Territorial Resources in Hodh el Chargui, Mauritania. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5114 .

AMA Style

Chiara Caselle, Sabrina Bonetto, Domenico De Luca, Manuela Lasagna, Luigi Perotti, Arianna Bucci, Stefano Bechis. An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Management of Territorial Resources in Hodh el Chargui, Mauritania. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Bonetto; Domenico De Luca; Manuela Lasagna; Luigi Perotti; Arianna Bucci; Stefano Bechis. 2020. "An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Management of Territorial Resources in Hodh el Chargui, Mauritania." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5114.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2020 in Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale
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Gypsum is a soft rock with low strength and high propensity to plastic deformation. Its mechanical properties are relevant in a wide range of technical application (e.g. tunnel excavation, stability assessment of underground quarries, oil and gas accumulation). The micro-mechanisms involved in the deformation of gypsum rock have for long time interested the scientific world and are still not completely understood. The peculiar crystallographic structure of this bi-hydrate salt, with water molecules layered in the salt structure, favours the development of plastic structures in the rock. The present work proposes an experimental investigation of strain accommodation mechanisms in gypsum rock, reporting data referred to uniaxial and triaxial stress conditions. The rock strain was studied with a multiscale approach, with the comparison of results from DIC and microstructural analyses.

ACS Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto; Daniele Costanzo. Crack coalescence and strain accommodation in gypsum rock. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 2020, 14, 247 -255.

AMA Style

Chiara Caselle, Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto, Daniele Costanzo. Crack coalescence and strain accommodation in gypsum rock. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2020; 14 (52):247-255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto; Daniele Costanzo. 2020. "Crack coalescence and strain accommodation in gypsum rock." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 14, no. 52: 247-255.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Géotechnique Letters
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The exploitation of gypsum by both open pit and underground quarries requires attentive evaluations of mechanical features and variability. However, gypsum rock testing often neglects the natural heterogeneity. The result is an inaccurate mechanical characterization that averages the strength values of different materials leading to an underestimation or the overestimation of the stability conditions, without offering a real representation of the mechanical behaviour of the rock. Grain-size, grain-sorting, mineral composition and porosity significantly influence gypsum mechanical behaviour. The individuation of textural and compositional features that primarily influence the variation in mechanical parameters may offer an interpretation key of the phenomenon. In this study, the relation between features at the microscale and macro-mechanical behaviour of gypsum rock was analysed with a multiscale approach. Relationships between Uniaxial Compression Strength (UCS), grain-size distribution and porosity were analysed and discussed. Microscopic observations on thin sections were performed, developing an image analysis procedure for correlating textural and structural parameters with UCS.

ACS Style

C. Caselle; S. Bonetto; F. Vagnon; D. Costanzo. Dependence of macro mechanical behaviour of gypsum on micro-scale grain-size distribution. Géotechnique Letters 2019, 9, 290 -298.

AMA Style

C. Caselle, S. Bonetto, F. Vagnon, D. Costanzo. Dependence of macro mechanical behaviour of gypsum on micro-scale grain-size distribution. Géotechnique Letters. 2019; 9 (4):290-298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Caselle; S. Bonetto; F. Vagnon; D. Costanzo. 2019. "Dependence of macro mechanical behaviour of gypsum on micro-scale grain-size distribution." Géotechnique Letters 9, no. 4: 290-298.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2019 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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The investigation and prediction of geological anomalies in underground quarries is fundamental to ensure safety, efficiency and economic convenience of the exploitation. For these aims, non-destructive geophysical surveys may be an effective alternative approach to classical destructive prospecting techniques (i.e. horizontal drilling), with great advantages particularly in complex geological frameworks and in areas subjected to specific geo-hazards. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), for its high resolution, is a suitable technique for underground excavations, particularly for the identification of water bodies, fissures and fractured rocks. The present study is focused on the application of GPR for the prediction of karst structures in underground gypsum quarries. Karst phenomenon is a main risk factor for gypsum orebodies, where large cavities may be intersected by the excavation. The possible filling with clay or pressurized water of these cavities exponentially increases the dangerousness of the phenomenon, due to swelling problems and violent water inrushes. The aim of the present study is to propose, through modelling and field surveys, a description of GPR outputs for principal elements of karst hazard in gypsum bodies, with particular attention to the discrimination of fillings (air, water or clay).

ACS Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Bonetto; Cesare Comina; Stefano Stocco. GPR surveys for the prevention of karst risk in underground gypsum quarries. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2019, 95, 103137 .

AMA Style

Chiara Caselle, Sabrina Bonetto, Cesare Comina, Stefano Stocco. GPR surveys for the prevention of karst risk in underground gypsum quarries. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2019; 95 ():103137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Bonetto; Cesare Comina; Stefano Stocco. 2019. "GPR surveys for the prevention of karst risk in underground gypsum quarries." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 95, no. : 103137.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2019 in International Journal of Mining Science and Technology
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Geophysical surveys are frequently applied in mining prospection to detect the presence and volume of ore bodies of different nature. Particularly, in gypsum ore bodies exploitation, electrical resistivity measurements are usually the most used methodology. However, it has been observed that different electrical resistivity values can be obtained depending on geometrical features and composition of gypsum. Indeed, electrical resistivity of gypsum rocks depends on several parameters, such as gypsum purity, nature of secondary minerals, porosity, saturation and interstitial fluid properties. Saturation and hydrogeological setting, in particular, were recognized as the most influencing parameters. Hydrogeological conditions of gypsum rock masses are also very relevant for exploitability, safety conditions and economic feasibility and should be accurately known during the prospection and planning phases of the quarries. In this work, a relationship between electrical resistivity and saturation degree of gypsum is proposed. The possibility to estimate gypsum porosity with the use of this relationship is also investigated. The reliability of laboratory measurements is finally verified in comparison with field and modelled resistivity data. The reported results underline the potentiality of the proposed approach to obtain a reliable characterization of the studied ore body.

ACS Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Bonetto; Cesare Comina. Comparison of laboratory and field electrical resistivity measurements of a gypsum rock for mining prospection applications. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019, 29, 841 -849.

AMA Style

Chiara Caselle, Sabrina Bonetto, Cesare Comina. Comparison of laboratory and field electrical resistivity measurements of a gypsum rock for mining prospection applications. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2019; 29 (6):841-849.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Caselle; Sabrina Bonetto; Cesare Comina. 2019. "Comparison of laboratory and field electrical resistivity measurements of a gypsum rock for mining prospection applications." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 29, no. 6: 841-849.

Conference paper
Published: 23 June 2019 in Proceedings of EECE 2020
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In the fields of geomechanical researches and applications, the study of mechanical properties of rock materials through laboratory tests is a fundamental milestone in the process of understanding and modeling the mechanical behavior and the stability assessment. In particular, the study and quantification, in laboratory samples, of the local strains and of their concentration and localization during the application of an external load may allow for a more accurate description of the material behavior. In this study, we focused on a specific gypsum rock with a strongly anisotropic structure. The strategic importance of gypsum in the construction industry and its consequent extensive exploitation by both open pit and underground quarries requires a good knowledge of its strength and stress-strain relation. We propose an application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC analysis) to the study of the evolution of local strains in gypsum rock under the application of a uniaxial compression. Resulting maps of local strains were analyzed and interpreted considering the influence of textural variability of the material. In consideration of the material anisotropy, DIC analysis was applied on two adjacent faces of a prismatic sample, allowing for a three-dimensional interpretation of strain evolution.

ACS Style

Chiara Caselle; Gessica Umili; Sabrina Bonetto; Daniele Costanzo; Anna Maria Ferrero. Evolution of Local Strains Under Uniaxial Compression in an Anisotropic Gypsum Sample. Proceedings of EECE 2020 2019, 454 -461.

AMA Style

Chiara Caselle, Gessica Umili, Sabrina Bonetto, Daniele Costanzo, Anna Maria Ferrero. Evolution of Local Strains Under Uniaxial Compression in an Anisotropic Gypsum Sample. Proceedings of EECE 2020. 2019; ():454-461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Caselle; Gessica Umili; Sabrina Bonetto; Daniele Costanzo; Anna Maria Ferrero. 2019. "Evolution of Local Strains Under Uniaxial Compression in an Anisotropic Gypsum Sample." Proceedings of EECE 2020 , no. : 454-461.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2019 in Géotechnique Letters
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ACS Style

C. Caselle; G. Umili; S. Bonetto; A. M. Ferrero. Application of DIC analysis method to the study of failure initiation in gypsum rocks. Géotechnique Letters 2019, 9, 35 -45.

AMA Style

C. Caselle, G. Umili, S. Bonetto, A. M. Ferrero. Application of DIC analysis method to the study of failure initiation in gypsum rocks. Géotechnique Letters. 2019; 9 (1):35-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Caselle; G. Umili; S. Bonetto; A. M. Ferrero. 2019. "Application of DIC analysis method to the study of failure initiation in gypsum rocks." Géotechnique Letters 9, no. 1: 35-45.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2018 in Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
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The high sedimentological variability of gypsum rocks has the effect that a univocal characterization of this material is not easy to establish. This is particularly true from the geomechanical point of view: when the mechanical properties of gypsum rocks are requested, it is therefore necessary to undertake detailed characterization analyses. Common facies of gypsum were observed in the Upper Miocene evaporitic succession (Messinian Salinity Crisis) within the whole Mediterranean Basin. In this work, mechanical tests were conducted on a site-specific facies, represented by the microcrystalline branching selenite. The tested samples came from the Monferrato area (northwestern Italy). Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed in order to obtain reference mechanical parameters. More rapid and economic point load test (PLT) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements were additionally performed to verify their applicability as complementary/alternative methods for site characterization. Rock-type specific PLT-UCS and UPV-UCS relationships were established. A wide dispersion of the mechanical parameters was observed due to the heterogeneities of the studied material. Consequently, compositional, textural and microstructural observations on selected samples were performed. Two main material classes were recognized based on average grain size and total gypsum content, underlining the significant influence of the grain sorting on the measured mechanical properties.

ACS Style

C. Caselle; S. Bonetto; C. Colombero; C. Comina. Mechanical properties of microcrystalline branching selenite gypsum samples and influence of constituting factors. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018, 11, 228 -241.

AMA Style

C. Caselle, S. Bonetto, C. Colombero, C. Comina. Mechanical properties of microcrystalline branching selenite gypsum samples and influence of constituting factors. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2018; 11 (2):228-241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Caselle; S. Bonetto; C. Colombero; C. Comina. 2018. "Mechanical properties of microcrystalline branching selenite gypsum samples and influence of constituting factors." Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 11, no. 2: 228-241.

Conference paper
Published: 04 September 2016 in Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - First Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining
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The karst phenomenon is, particularly in soluble rocks environments, a widespread problem. Rock dissolution is a progressively increasing phenomenon since voids tends to expand once it started generating relevant cavities inside the rock mass. The possibility to identify in advance, i.e. since their early formation stage, this kind of inhomogeneities within the mining environment may be, therefore, important to improve both workers safety and environmental sustainability. GPR technical features, and in particular its high resolution, make this technique potentially very useful in this respect. Within this work both real example tests in a Gypsum quarry in the Monferrato area (North-West Italy) and numerical simulations of GPR signal propagation have been performed to better understand the potentiality of the method in identifying thin voids within the exploited material. Moreover potential evaluation of the void's filling from the GPR response has been also attempted.

ACS Style

Chiara Caselle; S. Bonetto; C. Comina; S. Stocco. Preliminary Evaluation of In-mining GPR Surveys for the Identification of Karst Anomalies in a Gypsum Quarry. Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - First Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Chiara Caselle, S. Bonetto, C. Comina, S. Stocco. Preliminary Evaluation of In-mining GPR Surveys for the Identification of Karst Anomalies in a Gypsum Quarry. Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - First Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Caselle; S. Bonetto; C. Comina; S. Stocco. 2016. "Preliminary Evaluation of In-mining GPR Surveys for the Identification of Karst Anomalies in a Gypsum Quarry." Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - First Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining , no. : 1.