The mirid bug Lygus pratensis is an important pest of cotton, and is primarily managed through insecticide application. In this study, conducted in Xinjiang (China), we assessed the relative attractiveness of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to L. pratensis adults in local cotton plots from 2015–2016 and quantified the associated contribution of inter-planted sunflower strips to suppress field-level L. pratensis populations from 2016–2017. Field-plot trials showed that among six combinations of two sunflower varieties (XKZ6 and SH363) and three planting dates (early-, middle- and late-planted), adult abundance of L. pratensis was highest on early-planted XKZ6 and attained 3.7–5.8 times higher levels than in neighboring cotton plots. In commercial cotton fields, the combined deployment of sunflower strips at field edges and the periodic application of insecticides directed to those strips was found to (1) reduce the mean abundance of L. pratensis population on cotton by 41.9–44.0%, (2) lower the rate of cotton leaf damage by 27.3–30.6% and boll damage by 44.8–46.0%, and (3) increase the number of mature bolls by 7.5%-8.0%. Our work emphasizes how sunflower can be an effective trap crop for L. pratensis and that the establishment of sunflower strips could contribute to its effective and environmentally-sound management in cotton crops.

Bacillus velezensis AL7, isolated from cotton soil, had strong antagonistic activity to Verticillium dahlia Kleb. The AL7 genome consisted of one chromosome with 3,894,709 bp (46.64% G+C content). Genome annotation predicted 3,706 protein-coding genes, 86 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs. We sequenced and annotated the complete AL7 genome to help us better understand use of this strain.

Thrips pests have become an increasing concern in cotton fields in Xinjiang. Frankliniella intonsa is the primary thrips species during the flowering and boll stages, causing boll stiffening or cracking. However, limited studies have been conducted on controlling F. intonsa. In this study, using a leaf-tube residue method, we evaluated the susceptibility of F. intonsa field populations to three insecticides (spinetoram, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid) collected from different geographical sites across major cotton planting areas in Xinjiang. The results showed that F. intonsa populations exhibited very high susceptibility to spinetoram, ranging from 0.003 mg L⁻¹ in the Shihezi population to 0.036 mg L⁻¹ in the Korla population. The susceptibility of F. intonsa to imidacloprid and acetamiprid varied considerably among different field populations, with the relative resistance of 33.00 and 25.71, respectively. Reduced susceptibility to all three insecticides was detected in the Korla and Manasi populations, highlighting the importance of implementing effective resistance management and alternative control strategies. These findings provide valuable information for the appropriate control of F. intonsa in Xinjiang.

Chrysopa pallens Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a key predatory species in cotton agroecosystems. This study investigated the prey-mediated sublethal effects of imidacloprid and nitenpyram at low concentrations (LC₂₀), on C. pallens when exposed via consumption of contaminated prey, assessing impacts on its development and predatory function. C. pallens is a key predatory species in cotton agroecosystems. This study investigated the prey-mediated sublethal effects of imidacloprid and nitenpyram (LC₂₀) on the developmental performance and predatory capacity of C. pallens. Leaf-dipping bioassays were used to assess the toxicity of imidacloprid and nitenpyram to Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Age-stage, two-sex life table analysis was conducted to evaluate their subsequent effects on the life history traits and predation performance of C. pallens. Imidacloprid was more toxic to A. gossypii than nitenpyram. Sublethal exposure marginally prolonged larval development, but the effect was not statistically significant. Both insecticides significantly extended the pupal stage, with nitenpyram inducing a greater delay. Imidacloprid markedly increased adult longevity, and both compounds significantly reduced female fecundity. Imidacloprid also suppress predatory behavior more potently, decreasing daily adult consumption and reducing first-instar attack rates by approximately 30%. Although all treatments followed a Holling type II functional response, both insecticides increased handling time and reduced searching efficiency. Overall, imidacloprid primarily inhibited predatory performance, whereas nitenpyram more strongly prolonged development and reduced critical population growth parameters. These findings provide essential evidence for ecological risk assessment and for refining the incorporation of natural enemies into cotton integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.